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An individual; A group of related individuals; An incorporated or unincorporated entity; A public company or private company; A group of related enterprises; A government body; An estate (law), trust or other societal organization; or Any combination of the above.
Avoiding foreign government pressure for local production. Circumventing trade barriers, hidden and otherwise. Making the move from domestic export sales to a locally-based national sales office. Capability to increase total production capacity. Opportunities for co-production, joint ventures with local partners, joint marketing arrangements, licensing, etc; low corporate tax and income tax rates in Pakistan tax concessions/exemptions to particular businesses Special economic zones developed by the government of Pakistan. Cheap labor in Pakistan. Job training & employment subsidies Infrastructure subsidies Research and Development support Early Entry Advantage.
v) FDI in 2007-08:
Total FDI recorded in 2007-08 stood at $ 5,409.8 million. The communication sector (including Telecom) spearheaded the FDI inflows by accounting for 30.4 percent stake during July-June 2007-08 followed by financial business (22.6 percent), energy including oil & gas and power (16.6 percent), and trade (4.9 percent). Three groups namely; communication, financial business and oil & gas exploration accounted for almost 67 percent of FDI inflows in the country.
Exploration remained the major sector for foreign investors. The share of Oil and Gas Exploration in total FDI stood at 70 percent.
x) FDI in 2012-13:
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Pakistan stood at $ 1447.3 million. Oil & Gas Exploration remained the major sector for foreign investors. Pakistan during last few years could not attract FDI as per potential of the country due to number of reasons which included both internal and external factors, now the situation has improved, there is stability in the system, new government has a comprehensive plan to create investment friendly environment and to attract foreign investors in the country. As is evident that post 2013 election, the capital market crossed 21,000 plus points emitting positive signals for restoring the investors confidence.
FDI ($ millions)
6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 FDI ($ millions)
133.2 5,276.6
0.0 3,719.9
0.0 2,150.8
0.0 1,634.8
0.0 820.7
0.0 1447.3
0.0 105.4
augment the macro-economic situation. It is no coincidence that the decline has accelerated under the government. Though the security situation has remained tense within Pakistan, one should not ignore the fact that the government is the longest serving democratic government in the history of Pakistan. Despite the deteriorating security situation, there was relatively better political stability, which the government has now squandered. What was the last major economic initiative that the PPP government attempted since it took over? The government did not give adequate attention to the economic sector, which resulted in an overall decline in all sectors, including foreign investment. The second reason is the failure of the government to augment the energy sector. The energy crisis in Pakistan has heightened in the last two to three years; there has been continuous load shedding and power riots all over Pakistan, especially in Punjab. This in turn is bound to affect all the sectors manufacturing to transport, where there has been considerable FDI inflow. Finally, the most important reason for the decline in the FDI is the faulty approach of the government vis-vis the international investors. In fact, the energy sector itself has substantial scope to invite substantial FDI. Unfortunately, the way in which the government has dealt with independent power producers is affecting the FDI inflow for this crucial sector. The investment in the telecom sector, which has been the major recipient of FDI, is slowing down considerably. While, there are other reasons, such as the saturation of cellular teledensity and failing average revenue per user, it is the legal cases between the government institutions (Pakistan Telecommunication Ltd in this case) and the investors that are also factors encouraging the latter in their decision to disinvest, as has been the case with the Pakcom, which has started disinvesting since 2010.
coming in overnight the revenue decline is massive, he said, adding if the situation had been feasible, the company would have not thought twice and renewed the contract with Sheraton.
References:
thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-3-196281-Pakistan-attracts-$607m-FDI-in-July Board of Investment, Pakistan Economic Survey 2012-13, Ministry of Finance, Pakistan thenews.com.pk/Todays-News-13-25226-Sheraton-to-say-goodbye-to-Karachi Wikipedia.org ipcs.org/article/pakistan/pakistan-declining-foreign-direct-investment-3643.html