SUBJECT: PHYSICS YEAR LEVEL: FOURTH YEAR PSSLC COMPETENCY: Describe motion in terms of position/displacement, speed/velocity, and acceleration

(Definition of Motion) Specific Learning Objectives 1. Define motion 2. Differentiate distance from displacement
Skills Knowledge Attitude

1. Measure the length of path travelled. 2. Give the direction of moving body. 1. Appreciate the importance of motion in everyday life

ASSESSMENT A. The following bodies may or may not be moving with respect to a reference point. A. Girl lying on a couch C. Running carabao B. Ball on its trajectory D. Stalled jeepney Which of the above situation are moving relative to the: 1. Ground 2. Moon B. A honeybee leaves the hive and travels 2 km before returning. 3. Is the displacement for the trip the same as the distance travelled? 4. What is the distance travelled by the honeybee? 5. What is its displacement? STRATEGIES SUPPORT INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Routine Activities Pre-Activity Review: Vector Addition Motivation: Ask 5 students to engage in statue dancing (1 represented per group) while other students act as the judge. The last person standing is the winner. Ask one student of his basis in judging and how was he able to conclude that his classmate is out of the game? This will be the springboard in introducing the topic for the day. Emphasize the necessity of citing the reference point in saying that the object is moving or at rest. Activity 1. Select two students to walk side by side along the four corners of the classroom. 2. Tell other students to take note of how far the two travelled until they stopped 3. Measure the length of path travelled by the students making the teachers table as the point of reference. Analysis A. 1. What is your basis in saying that your classmates have moved? 2. Did your two classmates move if we make the adjacent room as our point of reference? Cassette recorder , music, radio

Meter Stick

3. If we make the teachers table as the point of reference, did they move? 4. Did they move relative to each other? 5. What must you remember in describing motion? B 1. What is the distance travelled by the students? 2. When you classmates have returned to their point of origin, what is their displacement? Abstraction 1. What is motion? 2. Give the difference between distance and displacement. Application On his way to school, Mike traveled 300 m East and 100 m North. 1. What is the total distance travelled by Mike? 2. Determine the displacement made by Mike.

Answers to the Assessment: A. The body is said to have moved if it has changed its position with respect to a point of reference. 1. If the reference is the ground, B. Ball on its trajectory C. Running carabao 2. If the reference is the moon, then all bodies will move since the earth revolves around its axis and everything on it moves relative to the moon and other heavenly bodies. A. Girl lying on a couch. B. Ball on its trajectory C. Running carabao D. Stalled jeepney 3. No. Distance is total length of path travelled while displacement is the shortest distance from the point of reference to the final position. 4. 2 km + 2 km = 4 km 5. 0 displacement

Answers to the Application a. Total distance travelled by Mike = 400 m b. Use Pythagorean Theorem: D2 = (300m)2 + (100m)2 100 m 300 m D = 100,000m2 D D= 316.23 m , N of E

Further Readings Motion (physics) In physics, motion is change of location or position of an object with respect to time. Change in motion is the result of an applied force. Motion is typically described in terms of velocity also seen as speed, acceleration, displacement, and time.[1] An object's velocity cannot change unless it is acted upon by a force, as described by Newton's first law also known as Inertia. An object's momentum is directly related to the object's mass and velocity, and the total momentum of all objects in a closed system (one not affected by external forces) does not change with time, as described by the law of conservation of momentum. A body which does not move is said to be at rest, motionless, immobile, stationary, or to have constant (time-invariant) position. Motion is always observed and measured relative to a frame of reference. As there is no absolute reference frame, absolute motion cannot be determined; this is emphasised by the term relative motion.[2] A body which is motionless relative to a given reference frame, moves relative to infinitely many other frames. Thus, everything in the universe is moving.[3] More generally, the term motion signifies any spatial and/or temporal change in a physical system. Translational motion occurs if all points in a body have similar paths relative to another body. Rotational motion occurs when any line on a body changes its orientation relative to a line on another body. Motion relative to a moving body, such as motion on a moving train, is called relative motion. Indeed, all motions are relative, but motions relative to the Earth or to any body fixed to the Earth are often assumed to be absolute, as the effects of the Earth's motion are usually negligible

Distance and Displacement Distance and displacement are two quantities which may seem to mean the same thing yet have distinctly different definitions and meanings.

Distance is a scalar quantity which refers to "how much ground an object has covered" during its motion. Displacement is a vector quantity which refers to "how far out of place an object is"; it is the object's overall change in position.

To test your understanding of this distinction, consider the motion depicted in the diagram below. A physics teacher walks 4 meters East, 2 meters South, 4 meters West, and finally 2 meters North.

Even though the physics teacher has walked a total distance of 12 meters, her displacement is 0 meters. During the course of her motion, she has "covered 12 meters of ground" (distance = 12 m). Yet when she is finished walking, she is not "out of place" - i.e., there is no displacement for her motion (displacement = 0 m). Displacement, being a vector quantity, must give attention to direction. The 4 meters east is canceled by the 4 meters west; and the 2 meters south is canceled by the 2 meters north. Vector quantities such as displacement are direction aware. Scalar quantities such as distance are ignorant of direction. In determining the overall distance traveled by the physics teachers, the various directions of motion can be ignored. Now consider another example. The diagram below shows the position of a crosscountry skier at various times. At each of the indicated times, the skier turns around and reverses the direction of travel. In other words, the skier moves from A to B to C to D.