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V8 i ( SEL ECT series 3)
T UTORIAL
COPYRIGHT INFORMATION
TRADEMARK NOTICE Bentley, the "B" Bentley logo, MicroStation, AutoPLANT and AutoPIPE are registered or nonregistered trademarks of Bentley Systems, Inc. or Bentley Software, Inc. All other marks are the property of their respective owners. COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2011, Bentley Systems, Incorporated. All Rights Reserved. Including software, file formats, and audiovisual displays; may only be used pursuant to applicable software license agreement; contains confidential and proprietary information of Bentley Systems, Incorporated and/or third parties which is protected by copyright and trade secret law and may not be provided or otherwise made available without proper authorization. Acknowledgments Portions OpenGL API Silicon Graphics, Inc. Portions Rogue Wave Software Portions Alias Ltd RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGENDS If this software is acquired for or on behalf of the United States of America, its agencies and/or instrumentalities ("U.S. Government"), it is provided with restricted rights. This software and accompanying documentation are "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation," respectively, pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212 and 227.7202, and "restricted computer software" pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 52.227-19(a), as applicable. Use, modification, reproduction, release, performance, display or disclosure of this software and accompanying documentation by the U.S. Government are subject to restrictions as set forth in this Agreement and pursuant to 48 C.F.R. 12.212, 52.227-19, 227.7202, and 1852.227-86, as applicable. Contractor/Manufacturer is Bentley Systems, Incorporated, 685 Stockton Drive, Exton, PA 193410678. Unpublished - rights reserved under the Copyright Laws of the United States and International treaties. END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT To view the End User License Agreement for this product see: eula.pdf
DAA037360-1/0001
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 1-2 FEATURE SUMMARY ................................................................................................. 1-2 PROPERTIES AND COMPONENT LIBRARIES ............................................. 1-2 HANGER DESIGN .......................................................................................... 1-2 STRUCTURAL MODELING IN AUTOPIPE ..................................................... 1-2 NON-LINEAR ANALYSIS OPTIONS ............................................................... 1-3 LOCAL STRESS CALCULATIONS ................................................................. 1-3 FINITE ELEMENT THEORY ........................................................................... 1-3 DYNAMIC ANALYSIS ..................................................................................... 1-4 POST PROCESSING ...................................................................................... 1-4 PIPING CODE COMPLIANCE......................................................................... 1-4 CAD INTERFACES ......................................................................................... 1-5 ADVANCED CAPABILITIES FOR VARIED PIPING ENVIRONMENTS ........... 1-5 NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (SELECTSERIES 3) .......................................... 1-5 ANALYSIS ....................................................................................................... 1-5 MODELING ..................................................................................................... 1-6 GRAPHICS...................................................................................................... 1-6 IMPORT / EXPORT ......................................................................................... 1-7 INPUT GRIDS ................................................................................................. 1-7 INTEROPERABILITY ...................................................................................... 1-7 LIBRARIES...................................................................................................... 1-7 PIPING CODES............................................................................................... 1-7 POST PROCESSING ...................................................................................... 1-8 REPORTS ....................................................................................................... 1-8 STRESSISO .................................................................................................... 1-8 GENERAL ....................................................................................................... 1-8 AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR .................................... 1-9 MAXIMUM DEFINED STATIC AND DYNAMIC LOAD CASES ...................... 1-10 ADDITIONAL CAE INTEGRATED ANALYSIS & DESIGN ANCILLARY PRODUCTS .................................................................................................. 1-11 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS....................................................................................... 1-11 RELEASE NOTES ..................................................................................................... 1-12 TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES ................................................................. 1-12
AutoPIPE Tutorial i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TECHNICAL SUPPORT ................................................................................1-12 SELECT SERVICES ONLINE ........................................................................1-12 SELECT PRIVILEGES...................................................................................1-13 PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES ................................................1-13 AROUND-THE-CLOCK TECHNICAL SUPPORT ..........................................1-13 SERVICES.....................................................................................................1-13 BENTLEY SELECT........................................................................................1-13 TRAINING .....................................................................................................1-14 ENTERPRISE LICENSE SUBSCRIPTIONS ..................................................1-14 BENTLEY PROFESSIONAL SERVICES .......................................................1-14 DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS.........................................................................1-15
CHAPTER 2:
USING THE ON-LINE HELP ........................................................................................2-2 BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW ..................................................................................2-3 STARTING AUTOPIPE ................................................................................................2-4 LOADING A MODEL ....................................................................................................2-5 DEFINING A NEW MODEL..............................................................................2-5 LOADING AN EXISTING MODEL ....................................................................2-8 INTERFACE .................................................................................................................2-9 SCREEN LAYOUT...........................................................................................2-9 DIALOGS.......................................................................................................2-10 KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS...................................................................2-10 UNITS FORMAT......................................................................................2-11 MENU STRUCTURE .....................................................................................2-12 TOOLBARS ...................................................................................................2-12 HOTKEYS .....................................................................................................2-12 AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS.........................................................................2-12 UNDERSTANDING PIPE SEGMENTS..........................................................2-13 RULES FOR DEFINING SEGMENTS .....................................................2-15 GRAPHICAL TEE ELEMENT ........................................................................2-16 UNDERSTANDING THE ACTIVE POINT ......................................................2-16 CONTROLLING THE ACTIVE POINT WITH THE KEYBOARD ..............2-17 MODIFICATION OF PIPING GEOMETRY ....................................................2-17 BASIC TASKS ............................................................................................................2-18 EXECUTING A COMMAND ...........................................................................2-18 SELECTING POINTS AND COMPONENTS .................................................2-19 INSERTING A POINT OR COMPONENT ......................................................2-19 MODIFYING POINTS OR COMPONENTS....................................................2-19 DELETING POINTS OR COMPONENTS ......................................................2-20 SELECTING A RANGE (CREATING A SELECTION SET) ............................2-20
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CHAPTER 4:
OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................. 4-2 USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES ................................. 4-2 MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER ............................................... 4-3 SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER ................................................ 4-3 MODIFYING PIPE PROPERTIES ACROSS A RANGE ................................... 4-4 MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS.................................... 4-6 USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES ..................................... 4-8 MODIFYING AN EXISTING PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) ..................... 4-8 SELECTING A RANGE BY PIPE IDENTIFIER (INPUT GRIDS) ...................... 4-9 MODIFYING PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE LOADS (INPUT GRIDS) ....... 4-11 GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS ............... 4-13 REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES ........................................................................... 4-17 CHAPTER REVIEW ................................................................................................... 4-20 WHATS NEXT? ............................................................................................ 4-20
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CHAPTER 5:
OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................5-2 ASSIGNING LOADS ....................................................................................................5-2 DRAG & DROP INSERTION OF CONCENTRATED LOAD .............................5-2 ASSIGNING THERMAL DISPLACEMENTS TO THE ANCHORS ...................5-5 ASSIGNING STATIC EARTHQUAKE LOADS .................................................5-6 PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS ................................................................................5-7 GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES .............................................................5-9 DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS .......................................................................5-13 USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS ..................................................................5-14 MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS ........................................................................5-15 INTERACTIVE REVIEW .............................................................................................5-18 DESIGN CHANGE .....................................................................................................5-20 CHAPTER REVIEW ...................................................................................................5-25
CHAPTER 6:
OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................6-2 SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS ..........................................................................6-2 GENERATING THE REPORT ......................................................................................6-3 REVIEWING THE REPORT .........................................................................................6-4 CLOSING THE REPORT .............................................................................................6-4 CHAPTER REVIEW .....................................................................................................6-5 WHATS NEXT?...............................................................................................6-5
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CHAPTER 8:
VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW ................................................................................... 8-2 SOLID MODEL VIEW................................................................................................... 8-2 VECTOR VIEW ............................................................................................................ 8-3 CHAPTER REVIEW ..................................................................................................... 8-6 WHATS NEXT? .............................................................................................. 8-6
CHAPTER 9:
FRAME OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 9-2 CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL ........................................................ 9-2 ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME ....................................................................... 9-10 VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL................................................................................. 9-11 INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL ................................................................ 9-12 OPENING THE PIPING SYSTEM ................................................................. 9-12 INSERTING MULTIPLE RUN POINTS .......................................................... 9-13 AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING ..................................................................... 9-15 SELECTING SUPPORT POINTS .................................................................. 9-15 INSERTING AN AUTOPIPE MODEL............................................................. 9-16 CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE ....................................................................... 9-19 CHAPTER REVIEW ................................................................................................... 9-23 WHATS NEXT? ............................................................................................ 9-23
CHAPTER 10:
PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS .............................................................................. 10-2 CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW ........................................................................ 10-4 DEFINING COMBINATION OPTIONS ....................................................................... 10-4 REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS ........................................ 10-6 REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) ................................... 10-7 APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA ................................................................... 10-9 SELECTING COMBINATIONS ................................................................................ 10-10 ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE ................................................................ 10-12 REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS ................................................................. 10-14 REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS).................................... 10-16 CHAPTER REVIEW ................................................................................................. 10-20
AutoPIPE Tutorial
INTRODUCTION
AutoPIPE is a stand-alone computer aided engineering (CAE) program for calculation of piping stresses, flange analysis, pipe support design, and equipment nozzle loading analysis under static and dynamic loading conditions. In addition to 30 piping codes, AutoPIPE incorporates ASME, European, British Standard, API, NEMA, ANSI, ASCE, AISC, UBC, and WRC guidelines and design limits to provide a comprehensive analysis of the entire system. AutoPIPE V8i is available for Windows XP, Vista and Windows 7 and can be licensed across networks. There are three editions of AutoPIPE: Standard, Plus, and Nuclear. The Plus version offers several advanced analysis capabilities not available in the standard version which are detailed later in this chapter. The nuclear edition includes all Plus features and nuclear ASME in class 1,2,3 and thermal transient analysis. A KHK2 add-on option is also available for the Plus version that allows use of the Japanese KHK Level 2 piping code in addition to all the features of the Plus version. AutoPIPE is a proven, well-established program that has been commercially available since 1986. AutoPIPEs rigorous quality assurance practices have withstood numerous on-site audits, making AutoPIPE one of the few PC based piping programs approved for use in nuclear safety applications. OVERVIEW FEATURE SUMMARY NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (SELECTSERIES 3) AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS RELEASE NOTES TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS 1-2 1-2 1-5 1-9 1-11 1-12 1-12 1-15
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INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
Developed to meet the needs of companies involved in industrial piping system design, AutoPIPE utilizes Windows-standard commands, object oriented graphics technology, and CAD interfaces to enable users to create, modify, and review piping and structural models and their results quickly and easily. A graphical representation of the model is displayed as it is being developed, providing instant visual feedback. AutoPIPE performs extensive error checking as the data is being entered and alerts the user if the model does not comply with the regulatory standards of piping design. Using AutoPIPEs object oriented graphical select options, users can insert, delete, or modify pipe properties, supports, or offsets across an entire range of points with one command. Graphical selection of ranges is also used for cut, copy, & paste operations.
FEATURE SUMMARY
The following is a partial list of the features and capabilities of AutoPIPE. Refer to the on-line help for a complete reference of features and functionality.
HANGER DESIGN
AutoPIPE performs spring hanger design for one or more operating conditions. The program selects hangers from a customizable manufacturer's library, which includes: Grinnell, Bergen-Patterson, Lisega, NPS, and others.
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AutoPIPE Tutorial
INTRODUCTION
FEATURE SUMMARY
structural system, and end releases to model pinned connections. AutoPIPEs unique two point support elements allow the user to define the connection between pipe and structural steel using gaps and friction at the same point if required. The AISC structural library with cross sectional properties and a database of properties of commonly used structural steel materials is included within AutoPIPE. Users can easily define their own beam elements and steel materials to model beam elements not included in the AutoPIPEs database. Frame structures are created and modified in interactive mode using AutoPIPEs graphical interface. In this manner, users can graphically copy, paste, or modify structures with one operation using AutoPIPEs graphical select options or by clicking on a particular beam element.
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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INTRODUCTION
FEATURE SUMMARY
DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
Dynamic analysis capabilities include mode shapes and natural frequencies, response spectra, phased harmonic load analysis, time history dynamic analysis and force spectra analysis. For modal analysis, AutoPIPE can automatically insert mass points along elements. Missing mass and zero period acceleration may be applied in dynamic analysis. AutoPIPE satisfies NUREG/CR-1677 benchmark problems and provides built-in NRC spectra, seismic anchor movements, and code case N411 capability. AutoPIPE provides built-in fluid transient synthesizers for calculation of waterhammer, steamhammer, and relief valve forces, which are integrated with time history dynamic analysis, and special thermal bowing analysis for partially hot filled liquid pipelines. Utilizing the Bentley PULS program, users can calculate flow induced vibrations, or pulsations associated with reciprocating equipment, and automatically transfer those harmonic loads directly into AutoPIPE to calculate dynamic piping responses.
POST PROCESSING
After analyzing a system, users can click on the graphics model to instantly view stresses, loads, deflections, or mode shapes at any point. Color coded stresses, animated vibrations, and pop-up windows enable the engineer to more quickly identify and investigate critical areas without having to review a voluminous amount of batch output data. Output report options allow users to pick and choose which reports to generate, with or without filters, for on-screen review or printing. Code stress combinations are performed automatically. Unique filter options allow the user to generate custom output reports based on user-defined stress, deflection, or load criteria. AutoPIPE enables users to analyze multiple thermal, wind, seismic, wave, and dynamic loads all in one analysis with Min/Max load summaries. Using AutoPIPEs graphical select options, users can graphically select points to be included in the output report. As an example, a user could generate an output report for only 2 points in a 1,000 point model.
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INTRODUCTION
NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (SELECTSERIES 3)
B31.8 Offshore CSA-Z662 Offshore British Standards BS 806 and BS 7159 (GRP Piping Code) Swedish Piping Code (SPC), Method 2 Norwegian Det Norske Veritas (DNV) and TBK 5-6 Dutch Stoomwezen D1101 Japanese MITI 501, Class 3 piping, Japanese General Fire Protection code and Japanese KHK French RCC-M and SNCT
CAD INTERFACES
AutoPIPE V8i (Select series 3) can import CAD piping models from Bentley AutoPLANT, Bentley PlantSpace and Intergraph PDS plant design systems. AutoPIPE can export models back into AutoPLANT or export models in DXF format into AutoCAD or MicroStation. Import and export of piping models between CAD and AutoPIPE can save manhours in the creation and checking of piping and structural models and prevent errors associated with manual entry of piping models.
ANALYSIS
Retain inclusion of Cut short in analysis dialog Add option to perform flange analysis to ASME VIII Division 1 or 2 Add Thermal Bowing by Segment
AutoPIPE Tutorial 1-5
INTRODUCTION
NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (SELECTSERIES 3) Provide option to create multiple analysis set for all piping codes Create multiple analysis sets based on hot modulus for Euro Code by default
MODELING
Add weight of insulation cladding to pipe Implement an automatic soil property generator, per Appx B Ability to perform simple design checks on the model Add feature to automatically insert flanges with a flanged valve Apply Fatigue Range Reduction Factor by material Add option to graphically show Pipe Insulation Input Grids for Static & Member Earthquake factors Increase max number of flange/valve pres. ratings picked by program to 20 Option to include a factor of the flange weight for bolt/nut weight Add an option to select connected segments Option to display flanged flexible joint Option to automatically insert flanges with a flanged flexible joint Find a node based on entering coordinates Add Valve Tag Update distributed load data on insert/delete point(s) across distributed load. Correct corrupted distributed loads in older models Add a tag field to flange Add a line class to pipe properties Add Apply button in Soil Properties dialog Default input grid to Press & Temp grid and reduce the horizontal slider Allow reference point to be defined in any equipment dialog View > Show thermal anchor displacement with imposed displacements
GRAPHICS
Improve performance of window selection operation
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INTRODUCTION
NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (SELECTSERIES 3)
IMPORT / EXPORT
PXF Export should retain original supports class and properties as imported Import GUID from NTL for piping, supports, beams etc Add a dialog to link AutoPIPE components fields with pcf attributes Export reference point loads to AP Nozzle NTL: Add support for import/export of Time history data to NTL format Import CAESAR v.5.3 neutral files
INPUT GRIDS
Add input grid for distributed loads Add input grid for Reference node Inadequate no# of significant digits for design strain on input grid Input Grid: add Xtra data Hydrodynamic Data tab
INTEROPERABILITY
Export JSM data, graphics and deflect plot
LIBRARIES
Add new valve type library for ball valve Update Pipe Supports Spring Hanger (Comet) to match the updated catalog
PIPING CODES
Add an option to apply corrosion allowance to the Hoop stress only Add Russian SNiP 2.05.06-85 Oil & gas code Add back ASME B31.3 - 2004 into AutoPIPE V8i Add B31.8 : 2010 code Add B31.1 2010 edition Enable circum. weld w factor for B31.3-2008 and B31.1-2009 codes Add B31.3 : 2010 code Add EN13480 : 2010 piping code update
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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INTRODUCTION
NEW FEATURES IN AUTOPIPE V8I (SELECTSERIES 3)
POST PROCESSING
Add manufacturer multiplier for NEMA SM23 and API 617 Preserve user descriptions for non-code combinations Add option to hide non printed combinations on combinations dialog Add a new option in result menu to show lift-off supports Add option to import Combination CMB file information between models
REPORTS
Add center of gravity (COG) calculations for Structure & Piping Allow print preview to work for LOG file to view nonlinear iterations Add Flow Rate, Pressure Rise and Sound Speed to Fluid Transient report
STRESSISO
Externalize stress iso data table titles and column titles to .tst file Stress ISO: Create Bore equivalence file for nominal units mapping Update to latest ISOGEN (ver 10.2.0 - build 18)
GENERAL
Retain window/toolbar/file size/location settings in next program session Reset window size and loc for input grid, results grid & APIPE viewer Archive associated files with the AutoPIPE input file RSS Feed: Show only recent news by default Show thumbnail preview in open dialog and explorer Increase number of string groups limit from 500 to 800 in autopipe.tst Save as version 9.3 DAT files from 9.4 Program version and documentation updates Update program title to SELECTseries 3 StressISO: Add an option to show/hide bend information. Move MFC resources into a separate DLL
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INTRODUCTION
AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR
AutoPIPE
AutoPIPE Plus
AutoPIPE Nuclear
Note 1
Harmonic Force Spectrum Time History SAM Buried pipe NUREG combinations and Code case 411 spectrum Static correction Missing mass correction and ZPA 50 Response Spectrum load cases Static earthquake Wind - ASCE, UBC and User Profile Thermal Bowing Wave loading and buoyancy Fluid Transient Loads Relief Valve Loads Thermal Transient Analysis Fatigue Analysis (class 1) High Energy Leakage and Crack Criteria (ASME Class 1, 2, 3) ASME B31.1, B31.3, B31.4, and B31.8 (multiple years Note 2) European piping code EN13480 B31.4 Offshore, A31.8 Offshore & CSA_Z662 Offshore codes ASME III Class I, 2 and 3 (multiple years) JSME S NC1-PPC ASME B31.1-1967 Canadian piping codes International piping codes
Note 3
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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INTRODUCTION
AUTOPIPE VS. AUTOPIPE PLUS VS. AUTOPIPE NUCLEAR
Feature
Analysis Sets for multiple static analyses General piping code Rotating Equipment reports Large model size Beam elements for modeling frames and supports Material and Component Library utilities STAAD Structural Libraries
AutoPIPE
AutoPIPE Plus
AutoPIPE Nuclear
Note 1: Multiple support response spectrum analysis only available in Plus and Nuclear editions. Note 2: Multiple years are available in Plus and Nuclear editions. Standard edition only supports latest code year. Note 3: A KHK2 add-on option is required to access this feature.
Note 2: Maximum number of load cases that can be analyzed in a single analysis set during a static analysis run in v9.1 and later. However an unlimited number of analysis sets can be run in a single static analysis in v9.1 and later. = Gravity (1) + Hydrotest (1) + Thermal (20) + Pressure (20) + Static Earthquake (10) + Wind (10) + User (20) = 82 cases for Plus & Nuclear (27 for Standard) Up to 100 different thermal loadings can be defined and analyzed in a single static analysis. Only 20 thermal load cases per analysis set e.g. if want to run 50 thermal cases then define
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INTRODUCTION
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
across 3 analysis sets. Since each analysis set can have analyze up to 82 static cases, so literally 100s of loads can be analyzed in different scenarios with different options, linear , non-linear , hot or cold modulus etc in the same static analysis run.
SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
The following prerequisites are required to run each of the modules included within the application: Processor: Intel Pentium III or higher Operating System: Windows XP Professional SP2 or later OR, Windows Vista Business edition Windows 7 Professional or higher Internet: Microsoft Internet Explorer6 or greater Memory: 256 MB Hard disk: 250 MB minimum free hard disk space Input Device: Any industry-standard input device supported by Windows Output Device: Any industry-standard output device supported by Windows Video Graphics Card: Any industry-standard video card/monitor which supports OpenGL 3D graphics PDF Reader: Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0 or higher
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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INTRODUCTION
RELEASE NOTES Before you install any software, you should confirm that you have adequate hardware and software capabilities to install and use the product.
RELEASE NOTES
The latest program release information and changes to the program that are not included in the manual are listed in the README file located in the AutoPIPE program directory. This file can be opened from the AutoPIPE Readme option in AutoPIPE for Windows menu in the taskbar.
TECHNICAL SUPPORT
At the heart of Bentley's support initiative is Bentley SELECT, the most comprehensive service and technology subscription program of its kind. With a commitment to its users unequalled in its industry, Bentley streamlines the delivery and support of its products to Bentley SELECT subscribers. Organizations whose competitive advantage stems from continuous improvement rely on Bentley SELECT to increase their employees' skills in employing Bentley products and, ultimately, improve their bottom line. Bentley users not currently subscribed to Bentley SELECT should visit the Contacts Page at http://www.bentley.com/en-US/Corporate/Contact+Us for technical support information.
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INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES
SELECT PRIVILEGES
PRODUCT UPDATES AND UPGRADES
Bentley SELECT members receive free updates and upgrades for all Bentley products covered by SELECT as soon as they are available, via Web downloads and MySELECT CD.
SERVICES
Bentley's unparalleled services provide users fast answers, quality training, unique licensing options and targeted customization.
BENTLEY SELECT
Bentley SELECT is a comprehensive technology and service subscription program that includes flexible subscription options, exclusive licensing privileges, continuous product upgrades, comprehensive technical support, discounts on training and software, and more.
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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INTRODUCTION
TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND SERVICES
TRAINING
The Bentley Institute develops and delivers professional training programs that are designed to increase the productivity of AEC professionals. Attend accredited in-person classes at Bentley Institute training centers around the world, train at your office location through on-site or through distance learning, or learn at your convenience though online self-paced classes. An Enterprise Training Subscription offers convenient multi-user training for a fixed annual fee streamlining budgeting and delivering comprehensive training to the entire organization.
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INTRODUCTION
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
DOCUMENTATION CONVENTIONS
A number of conventions are maintained throughout this Tutorial to make the information presented easier to identify and understand.
CONVENTION NOTE: HINT: WARNING: FILENAMES
Program Code
DESCRIPTION Precedes information of general importance. Precedes optional time-saving information. Precedes information about actions that should not be performed under normal operating conditions. Directory paths and file names are italicized. Example: \AT-EQP directory, AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Excerpts from text or basic script files and script variables and statements appear in the font shown. Commands or information that must be manually entered is bolded in the font shown. Menu commands and dialog buttons appear in a sans serif font that stands out from normal body text. Example: After selecting the File menu, press the OK button in the dialog. Dialog and database table names are italicized. Example: The Preferences dialog. Indicates that the command must be executed from a menu or dialog. Indicates an item (component or point) that may be picked on a drawing. Throughout this Tutorial, the menu command sequence required to execute a command will be explicitly defined in the text, while the associated toolbar button is presented in the left margin.
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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BASIC CONCEPTS
This section introduces you to some of the basic concepts and modeling practices employed by AutoPIPE. You are also introduced to the interface and guided through some basic procedures. USING THE ON-LINE HELP BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW STARTING AUTOPIPE LOADING A MODEL INTERFACE AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS BASIC TASKS 2-2 2-3 2-4 2-5 2-9 2-12 2-18
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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BASIC CONCEPTS
USING THE ON-LINE HELP
Index: An extensive index of help topics has been provided. Press the Help button on any dialog or select Help/Contents from the menu, then click on the Index tab and type in a topic in the field provided. The index list will filter as you type. Relationship between Command Reference and Reference Information: A link exists between many of the help topics in the Menu Command Reference section and supplemental reference information which explains code compliance calculations, available component and material libraries, etc. After reviewing general help for a particular topic, check if there are additional links displayed at the bottom of the main topic window. Related Topics: Some Help Topics are logically linked. In these instances, pressing a Related Topics button will present a list of topics related to the open item. Highlight a selection in this list to open a related topic. Examples: An extensive on-line workbook has been provided which contains procedures for many common AutoPIPE tasks. You can get to this area from the main help page, through the table of contents, or by links provided within one of the topics themselves.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
BASIC CONCEPTS OVERVIEW
Considerations and Notes: Some topics have supplemental considerations and notes available. These features explain additional design considerations and requirements of which you should be aware. Printing: It is very easy to produce hard copies of help documentation. To print the current topic, simply press Print from the topic window. Bentley Help will send the topic to the default Windows printer. To print a range of topics, go the Contents tab and highlight a folder. A dialog Print Topic will display on screen with the options Print the selected topic or Print the selected heading and all sub topics. Additional information on Help: For more information on using Windows Help Systems, press F1 while in any help topic. The Windows Help file is opened, which contains specific information on maximizing the power of windows help systems.
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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BASIC CONCEPTS
STARTING AUTOPIPE
Note
Before you can begin working with AutoPIPE, the software must be installed and configured for your system.
STARTING AUTOPIPE
The procedure for starting AutoPIPE is provided below: 1. From the Windows Start menu, select the AutoPIPE icon from the Bentley AutoPIPE program group. 2. The AutoPIPE application opens. The starting screen is shown below.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
LOADING A MODEL
LOADING A MODEL
After opening AutoPIPE, the next step is to either create/define a new system or to load an existing one. Both procedures are provided below.
2. Indicate the path where the file will be stored using standard Windows file selection techniques (i.e., highlight the appropriate drive, then the directory where the file will be stored). 3. After the path information is specified, type the name of the model in the File name field, and then press Save. Note The next several steps will present a series of dialogs for the definition of the model and its operating parameters. Each of these dialogs is discussed briefly below for the purpose of demonstrating the sequence of steps required to create a new model. In the next chapter well take a closer look at the definition of model properties. As always, you can also refer to the on-line help for comprehensive dialog information.
AutoPIPE Tutorial
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BASIC CONCEPTS
LOADING A MODEL 4. The General Model Options dialog is displayed as shown below.
Complete each of the fields to adequately describe your model. Of particular note is the Piping Code selection list, which allows you to choose from a variety of pre-defined piping codes. After completing the dialog, press OK. Note You can set SI units to be your default units by copying the SI.UNT file in the program folder into AUTOPIPE.UNT file. You can also use DIN sizes by selecting AUTODIN as the component library.
5. The Segment dialog is displayed for the definition of the initial segment that will be used as the starting point of your model. Define the starting point name, any offset values, and a pipe identifier that will be associated with all components that belong to that segment. As components are placed on the line, point names are generated. The default point names always begin with the segment name (A in the example below) to which they belong. After completing the dialog, press OK.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
LOADING A MODEL
6. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. From this location you define the initial pipe properties of the model. This dialog will be explained in the next chapter. After completing the dialog, press OK. 7. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed for the definition of operating loads. Enter values in each of the fields as required by the demands of your system, then press OK to close the dialog.
8. The setup of the new model is complete. You can now add a component to the first point (A00) in the system (or insert an offset distance from this point). In the next chapter, well create a new model and demonstrate methods for placing and connecting components.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
LOADING A MODEL
2. Navigate to the directory where the file is stored. Select the desired filename from the Files list, then press OK. The previously saved model and its data are now available for editing or report generation.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
INTERFACE
INTERFACE
The AutoPIPE interface is designed to simplify the task of creating, modifying, and reviewing models of any complexity.
SCREEN LAYOUT
Take some time to familiarize yourself with AutoPIPEs interface by examining the areas of the screen annotated below.
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INTERFACE
DIALOGS
Dialogs present and request information. Press OK to accept the values in a dialog Some fields have an associated list of options from which the user can select. For example, there is a limited set of piping codes, and the user can always select the appropriate code from a list when the cursor is in the Piping Code field. This list is contained inside the dialog itself, and is opened by pressing on the adjacent to that field. The units that apply to a particular field are displayed in the status bar in the bottom right hand corner of the screen. To advance from field to field in a dialog, press the Tab key. Pressing Enter from the dialog is the equivalent of pressing OK. You can also advance the cursor by simply using the mouse to select the desired location. Options which are toggled ON are indicated by a . Positioning the cursor in that field and then pressing the left mouse button toggles the ON/OFF state. Press F1 key on any dialog field to obtain help on a particular field or parameter. To obtain big picture dialog help, press the Help button.
KEYBOARD EQUIVALENTS
As you begin creating a model, youll soon become familiar with AutoPIPEs use of dialogs to gather information from the user. Although the mouse can be used to navigate through the fields of a dialog, many users prefer the keyboard alternatives. Refer to the table below.
TASK Advance to next field Return to previous field Accept values and close dialog Cancel values and close dialog KEYBOARD
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INTERFACE
UNITS FORMAT
As you move from field to field in a dialog, the units that apply to that field are listed in the status bar in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. To accommodate the varied needs of our users, AutoPIPE allows special characters to be used to decipher the field format and convert these to decimal equivalents. The types of input which are allowed when inputting English units are illustrated in the table below:
DECIMAL FEET 2.2708 FEET-INCHES 23.25 23.25 231/4 2-3-1/4 1.0417 1.5 1.5 101/2 1-0.5 1-0-1/2 0.0625 0.75 0.75 003/4 0-0.75 0-0-3/4 1.0833 11 11 13 013 1-1 1-1-0
Note
Only the coordinates in Offset fields (i.e., Length,DX/DY/DZ) use architectural units. You can have AutoPIPE display ft-in units by setting Use feet-inches display format in Tools > Model Options > Edit. Note that the feet-inches only works when the length unit is ft.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS
MENU STRUCTURE
All AutoPIPE commands can be accessed from the menu system. For a detailed description of the capabilities and functionality of a specific command, refer to the AutoPIPE On-line Help Menu Reference. The top menu that is displayed above the drawing area depends on the current mode of the program: The standard Menu is displayed when building or editing a model AutoPIPE can be placed in a Worksheet Mode, which displays a models data in spreadsheet format. Note that each of these menus has a toolbar associated with it.
TOOLBARS
AutoPIPE has three types of toolbars: command, view and components. Command toolbars are always docked directly beneath the main menu, and cannot be moved from this location. The component and view toolbar, on the other hand, can be moved from its position along the right and left side of the screen respectively and positioned as a floating toolbar in the modeling area of the screen. To reposition it, simply drag the title bar of the toolbar into the screen area. The toolbar will resize. Hint If you forget the use of a particular button, position your cursor over it and wait a second or two. A ToolTip description is displayed beneath the button.
HOTKEYS
A number of AutoPIPE commands can be accessed directly from the keyboard using hotkeys. In AutoPIPE hotkeys are executed by holding down the control and then pressing a letter key. Additionally, AutoPIPE also uses the function keys for some operations. Note that these hotkeys are displayed in the AutoPIPE pull-down menus next to the item it executes.
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BASIC CONCEPTS
AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS
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AUTOPIPE MODELING CONCEPTS When defining a segment, proceed from point to point along the segment. Check that everything at the current point has been specified before moving on to the next point.
When placing components, you should remain aware of the active point. After selecting a component type for insertion, AutoPIPE will automatically assume that you want the starting point of the component to be inserted at the active point. By default, AutoPIPE will increment the point to the next value and concatenate this with the letter that defines the current segment. For example, if you are inserting a run point on Segment A that contains nothing but an anchor point, the Run Point dialog will contain the value A01 in the Name of Point field. To designate an existing point as the active point, simply click on it with the mouse. The crosshairs should redisplay over that point and the Active Point status area should reflect the new point as well. In a complex model, you can click on the Go To Point button and type in your desired active point
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location. You can also use the arrow keys to control the location of the active point as described below. It is important to note that a given point may have two or more different segments. For example, in Figure 2-1, point A03 is a tee connection point, and is made up of point A03 segment A and point A03 segment B. The active point name and segment location is displayed in the bottom right hand corner of your screen. In order to toggle between multiple segments on the same Point location, it is usually more convenient to use the up and down arrow keys (see following section on keyboard commands).
BASIC CONCEPTS
BASIC TASKS Warning As noted in the following sections, changes in data can lead to a variety of inconsistencies. AutoPIPE will detect most inconsistencies, and will display warning or error messages. However, AutoPIPE may not detect all of the possible inconsistencies. Users must take care in making changes, and must review the changes carefully, to insure that the modified geometry and properties are correct.
BASIC TASKS
This section lists simple techniques for accomplishing the following: Executing a command Selecting a component Inserting a component Modifying a component Deleting a component Selecting a range of components (creating a selection set)
EXECUTING A COMMAND
Commands can be executed in one of three ways: Click on one of the buttons in a toolbar. Select a command from the menu system Key-in the command. The hotkey for each command is underlined in the menu system. As an example, to insert a bend, simply type I to go into insert mode, then B. The key-in command option requires memorization of certain hotkeys, but is an extremely efficient method of input.
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BASIC TASKS Display the Input grids then select the appropriate grid tab and modify the value in the cell(s). Double clicking a row in the Input grids will display the Modify dialog. Note: Ctrl+Enter, Copy/Paste or Copy Down can be used to change values over multiple cells.
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BASIC TASKS
[Ctrl] key and select additional elements. The [Ctrl] selection method allows you to select a set of components that are not continuous. Alternatively, Select/Point enables buttons that can add or subtract from the selection set on a point by point basis. The Select/Range command, another method of creating a selection set, allows the user to input From and To points inside a dialog. In any Input Grid Tab, select a group of rows or cells (same column) using [Ctrl] or [Shift] keys will highlight the selected points in red on the graphic. Note: The point symbol and names will be highlighted when selecting from the Points or Pres/Temp/PipeID Tabs. These two tabs enable selection of all points in the model. The Pres/Temp/PipeID Tab also provides a range selection up to and including the bend near or far points. All other grid Tabs will highlight the component symbol and the thermal anchor movements tab will highlight the anchor symbol on the graphic.
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The following chapters in this Tutorial guide you through the creation of a sample AutoPIPE model. After the model is created, you will learn how to define loads, analyze the system, and produce output reports. CHAPTER 3: CREATING A NEW MODEL CHAPTER 4: MODIFYING PROPERTIES CHAPTER 5: LOADS, ANALYSIS, AND RESULTS CHAPTER 6: OUTPUT REPORTS
AutoPIPE Tutorial
In this chapter you will create the first tutorial model. Before placing components in a model, you must define the associated piping code, pressure and temperature loads, starting coordinates, and other factors. These values are used after the model is constructed in the analysis of stress, operating loads, code compliance, etc. After the model properties are defined, you will route two segments and experiment with AutoPIPEs Undo and Redo features. OVERVIEW CREATING A NEW SYSTEM ROUTING SEGMENT A ROUTING SEGMENT B CHAPTER REVIEW 2 3 8 23 42
AutoPIPE Tutorial
OVERVIEW
In this chapter, you will build the first of two tutorial models. Each step of the model creation process is discussed, and various model construction techniques are introduced. At the completion of this chapter, you will have built the model shown below:
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1. Select File > New. 2. The New dialog is displayed. Navigate to the Examples directory, type TUTOR1 in the File Name field, then press Save.
Note
By default, the file is saved in the same directory where AutoPIPE is installed. If youd prefer, save the tutorial model in a separate directory.
3. The General Model Options dialog is automatically displayed. For the first tutorial model, lets discuss some of these areas in detail. First, input the following values: Project ID: AutoPIPE Tutorial 1 Prepared by: {your initials} Note The values you input in these two fields will appear in the headers of reports that are generated on the system.
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4. AutoPIPE filters many of its dialogs based on the Piping Code to ensure code compliance and to help you properly identify various elements of the system. Select B31.3 Process from the Piping Code selection list (press the down arrow next to the field to open a list of the available codes). 5. Notice the Vertical Axis field. AutoPIPE models are constructed in three-dimensional space, which means that you must be aware of three direction vectors. By default, the vertical axis will be set to the Y-axis. However, if youd like to customize the vector that is considered to run in the vertical plane, you could change this value. For our model, accept the Y-axis default. 6. The next field of interest is the Number of Thermal/Pressure Cases. In order to define two thermal/pressure cases for analysis, input a value of 2 in this field. 7. There are several methods for navigating within AutoPIPE dialogs. You can use the mouse to position the cursor in a field, or press Tab to jump to the next field in sequence. For example, press Tab now to jump to the Ambient Temperature field, which contains a value of 70F {21.1C}. After this field is highlighted, examine the status bar at the bottom of the AutoPIPE application window. The lower right hand corner will always display the units associated with the active field. In this case, the status field reads deg F. A brief glance at the Units area of the status bar will
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always help you to confirm the units associated with the active field. Accept the default Ambient Temperature value of 70 {21.1}. 8. Press OK to close the General Model Options dialog. 9. The Segment dialog is automatically displayed.
The Segment dialog allows you to assign a name and starting location for the first pipe segment to be placed in the model. Accept the (0,0,0) global coordinate default for the first segment (A). The next step is to assign a Pipe Identifier to this segment. A set of pipe properties can be defined and associated with a named ID. It is a good idea to choose a meaningful pipe identifier name such as the first few letters of a line ID or a descriptive name. In our example, we will use 12STD {300STD} to indicate a 12"{300mm} nominal, standard schedule wall thickness. Input 12"STD {300STD} in the Pipe data identifier field then press OK. 10. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Note that 12STD {300STD} automatically appears in the Pipe Identifier field of this dialog. These properties will be associated with all components associated with the 12STD {300STD}line.
AutoPIPE Tutorial
11. Specify the size of the pipe by selecting 12.000 {300} from the Nominal Diameter selection list. 12. Enter 1 {25} in the Insulation Thickness field. 13. From the Insulation Material field, select Calc for calcium silicate. After the insulation material is selected, the dialog is automatically populated with insulation density values. AutoPIPE contains a list of these definitions in its default libraries. If desired, you can override these values manually. 14. From the Pipe Material field, select A106-B carbon steel type. As with the Insulation Material, AutoPIPE will automatically populate the material properties and stress allowables based on the definitions in the library. Note If a material is requested which is not in the library, the procedure would be to select NS (for Non-Standard), then define the material property values manually.
15. Press OK to close the Pipe Properties dialog. The Pressure and Temperature dialog is automatically displayed. Note that two columns are available for input in this dialog. This is because you entered 2 in the Number of Thermal/Pressure cases field (from the General Model Options dialog). Input 350 (psi) {2.4 n/mm2} in the Case 1 Pressure field, then Tab to the Case 1 temperature and input 20F {-5 C}. After the Case 1 Pressure/Temperature values have been specified, Tab to define the values for Case 2. Input a Case 2 Pressure of 350 {2.4} and a temperature of 550 {285}.
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16. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 17. The properties of the system and starting segment have now been defined. Notice that a marker ( + ) has been placed at the (0,0,0) starting point named A00.
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ROUTING SEGMENT A
Now that the system and pipe properties have been defined, you can begin placing components on Segment A. After completing this section, you will have created the section of the model shown below.
3. Select Insert > Bend to place the elbow. The Bend dial og is displayed as shown below.
4. You will place this elbow 10 3 {3100mm} from the anchor point in the Z-direction. AutoPIPE allows you to input architectural units. Tab twice to the DZ field and then input 1031/2 {3100} as shown above. (An equivalent entry would be 10-3-1/2). Tab to advance the cursor to the next field. Notice that the Length field is updated automatically, and converts the feet/inches format to decimal units. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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6. Tab twice to the DY-Offsets field and enter 10 {3000} to indicate a 10 foot {3000mm} vertical offset dimension to the tangent intersection point. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Note that the first elbow is now drawn, while the second elbow is not. This is because the second elbow is still awaiting the definition of a new point in order to properly orient the elbow in three-dimensional space. Also, AutoPIPE automatically placed a run of pipe between the anchor and the first bend.
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7. Select View > Solid Model View to display a three-dimensional view of the model as shown below. Notice that a pipe segment exists between the anchor and the bend at point A01.
8. Select Insert > Run to create a new run point. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
9. Tab once to the DX-Offsets field and enter 3 {-900} to create a new run point 3 feet {900mm} from the TIP of the second bend in the -X direction. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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11. Enter 9" {225} (note the use of the inch symbol here) in the Length field. Note that the length field keeps track of the local axis, saving you from having to type DX, DY, DZ offsets. Again, once you Tab to advance the cursor, AutoPIPE automatically converts the Imperial units (9) to the decimal equivalent (0.75). 12. Since a reducer always has a different pipe property on the other end, you need to input a new pipe identifier name to assign properties. Input 8"STD {200STD} in the Pipe Identifier field, and then press OK. 13. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
14. Select 8.00 {200} from the Nominal Diameter selection list, and then press OK to accept the remaining pipe property values. 15. When the Operating Pressure & Temperature dialog displays, accept the default values and click OK to continue. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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16. Next, you will insert a valve beginning at node A04 at the far point of the reducer. Select Insert > Valve to open the Valve dialog shown below.
17. In this example, you will allow the weight and length of the valve to be extracted from AutoPIPE's valve database. Accept the default GATE-F valve and select a Pressure Rating of 300 as shown above. Notice that valve length and weight are automatically filled in from the database (the valve properties from the AutoPIPE database can be overridden). Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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18. There are several zooming controls provided by AutoPIPE. To zoom into the valve to examine it in detail, click PT1 as shown in the figure above, and then press and hold the mouse window and drag the cursor to define the opposite corner (PT2 in the figure above). A dotted line defines the perimeter of the viewing window. Click the Windowed Zoom button on the toolbar (or right-click with the mouse) to zoom into the defined area. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
19. Notice that the valve requires a flange connection. To add flanges to both ends of the valve with one command, you will first select the entire component. Click along the outer edge of the valve to select and highlight it.
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21. Accept the default SLIP-ON Flange type. From the Pressure Rating list, select 300. In the Connection to pipe, select Weld Neck from the Joint End Type drop-down list. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults. AutoPIPE's flange database is used for the definition of flange weights. Flanges are placed on both sides of the valve as shown in the graphic below.
22. Select View > All. The extents of the model are displayed as shown in the following figure.
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ADDING A TEE
Now you will add a tee to this section of the line and finish Segment A. Later in this chapter you will create a second segment that begins at the branch of the tee. 1. Click on point A05 at the open end of the valve/flange combination to make it the active point. 2. You will now specify new pressure/temperature loading conditions starting at point A05. Select Insert > Operating Pressure & Temperature. The following dialog is displayed.
3. Input the following values: Case 1 Pressure Temperature 300 {2.0} 10 {-10} Case 2 300 {2.0} 250 {120}
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4. Tab once and notice that the stress allowable is updated automatically. Press OK to close the dialog. 5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.
Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of the valve and flange may need to be updated). 6. Next you will insert a tee from this point. Select Insert > Tee to display the Tee Point dialog.
7. Click the Length field and enter 4 feet {1200}. The Tee element automatically inserts a 4 foot {1200 mm} run of pipe and prompts the user to input tee information for stress intensification purposes. 8. Select Welding from Type of Tee selection list. The crotch fields are displayed for the welding tee. Keep the Consider crotch radius and thickness to use 4.4*T/r option disabled. Note The tee types that appear in this list are filtered by AutoPIPE according to the piping code associated with the model. AutoPIPE will automatically compute stress intensification factors (SIF) for each type based on values stored in the component libraries. Select Other from the tee-type list to input user-specified in-plane and out-of-plane SIF's for nonstandard branch connections.
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10. Note that a graphic represents the placement of the tee without completing it. Like the Bend symbol, which required a downstream point to orient the elbow, the tee can only be oriented after its branch location is specified. Later in this chapter you will route components off this branch to create Segment B. Note In some cases, users may want to input a tee symbol for SIF purposes without specifying the branch.
11. Select View/ All to view the extents of the model. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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1. Press the Rotate Right icon seven times. 2. Next, press Rotate Up six times. The graphic representation appears as shown in the following figure.
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3. Note the control panel on the bottom of the model window. As an alternative to the icons, you can interactively pan the model by selecting a point in the modeling area, holding the mouse button down, and dragging the model to the desired view. For example, select a point and drag it to the right to pan the model. When the graphic is displayed as shown in the following figure, release the mouse button.
Hint
As with the rotation technique mentioned above, you can gain quick access to the PAN feature by right-clicking in the model area. The PAN icon appears. Click and hold the left mouse button to drag the model to a new area of the screen.
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4. Press OK to close the Zoom panel (or double-click with the mouse). The 3D model now appears as shown in the following figure.
5. Now lets complete the pipe segment. Select Insert > Run. 6. The Run Point dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
7. Input 17 {5000} in the Length field, and then press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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ROUTING SEGMENT B
In this section of the tutorial you will create a second segment (B), which branches off the tee at point A06. During the creation of this segment, some of the techniques that can be used as alternatives to traditional placement methods discussed previously will be introduced. You will also review the use of AutoPIPEs powerful Undo and Redo commands.
3. Input 10 {-3000} in the DZ offset field. 4. Input 8STD53 {200STD53} in the Pipe data Identifier field. Press OK to close the dialog. 5. AutoPIPE recognizes that 8STD53 {200STD53} has not been previously defined and automatically displays the Pipe Properties dialog.
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6. Select A53-B as the Pipe Material, and then press OK to close the dialog. AutoPIPE automatically updates the Cold Allowable and pipe properties for the newly selected material. 7. The Pressure and Temperature dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the default values. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
Earlier in this chapter you placed an elbow using the Insert > Bend command. An alternative method is to simply route two perpendicular pipe runs, and then convert the intersecting point to an elbow. This method is demonstrated below. 1. Select Insert > Run.
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2. Enter 6 {2000} in the DY-offset field and 0 in the DZ-offset field. 3. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice how the two pipe runs are connected at point B01. Obviously, a bend is required at this location.
4. Select point B01 to make it active. 5. Select Modify > Convert Point to > Bend. An elbow is placed at the junction between the two pipe runs as shown in the graphic below.
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EDITING CONTROLS
In this section you will review some of AutoPIPEs editing controls. During this section of the tutorial you will create and delete points, modify coordinates, etc., in order to demonstrate the powerful editing commands in your toolbox. 1. Pick point B02 to continue routing Segment B from that point. 2. Select Insert > Run. 3. Press OK to accept the defaults and create a new run point 6 feet {2000mm} from B02 in the +Y direction. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
4. Since a straight pipe run exists between B01 and B03, you really dont need point B02. Select point B02 to make it active, then delete the point using one of the following methods: Select the Delete button on the toolbar Press the Delete key on the keyboard Select Delete > Point Select Delete > Run
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5. A confirmation dialog is displayed. Press Yes to delete the point. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
6. Now lets delete the entire segment. Ensure that Segment B is displayed in the status bar, and then select Delete > Segment. When the confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to remove it. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
7. Because AutoPIPE retains a history of the commands you have performed, you can choose to Undo or Redo certain actions. For example, select Edit > Undo. The deleted segment is restored as shown in the following figure.
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8. Select Edit > Undo again and the intermediate point B02 is restored as shown in the following figure
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9. Select Edit > Undo twice more to remove point B03, then to undo the Convert to Bend command we performed earlier. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
10. Select Edit > Redo to re-convert the point to an elbow. The graphic appears as shown in the following figure.
11. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.
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2. Select Insert > Run. 3. The Run Point dialog is displayed. Previously, you defined new points in this dialog. In this case, you will generate 2 new points along the existing run. In the Generate Points field, input 2. Tab to the next field and notice that AutoPIPE automatically updates the length and offset fields. Press OK.
Note
By default, AutoPIPE will generate equally spaced intermediate points. You can override the default by specifying a value in the Offsets field.
4. Two points are inserted in the model between the tee at point A06 and the anchor at point A07. Notice that the points from the tee to the anchor are no longer numbered sequentially. This is because the intermediate points were generated after the anchor point. To renumber the points, select Edit > Renumber > All Points. The points are now numbered sequentially as shown in the following figure.
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5. Now that you have two intermediate points along Segment A, you can place new components at those locations. This exercise will demonstrate the ability to copy entire component assemblies. The first step is to select the components to copy. Choose Select > Segment. 6. The control dialog shown below is displayed. Pick any point on Segment B and note that B now appears in the Select segments to add field, and that Segment B is highlighted.
Hint
7. Select Edit > Copy. 8. The control dialog now prompts for the base point as shown in the following figure. Select the tee at point A06 and then press OK to close the control bar.
9. Segment B has now been copied to the clipboard, where it is stored in memory for Paste operations. Choose Select > Clear to clear the highlighted points. Hint You can also clear a range by picking any single point in the model.
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11. Choose Select > Range. The section of pipe between A07 and A08 is highlighted. 12. Select Edit > Paste. The Paste dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults and place the copied segment at points A07 and A08. 13. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure. Notice that the copied segments were assigned unique Segment names (C and D), and that all the points in the model are unique.
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2. Select Edit > Scale. The Scale dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure.
3. Tab twice to the Z Factor field and enter - 1 to specify that the selected range should be moved to the opposite Z-axis. 4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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5. Segment C should still be highlighted. You are now going to add Segment A to the selection set and move Segments A and C in the Z direction. Doing so will automatically cause the length of the connecting segments to stretch. With Segment C still highlighted, press the Ctrl key on your keyboard and select the anchor at point A00. After selecting the point, press the Shift key and select the anchor at the opposite end of the segment at point A09. Segments A and C should now be highlighted as shown in the following figure.
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In this dialog you will specify that the selected range is to be moved 6 feet {2000mm} in the Z direction. Tab twice to the DZ field and input 6 {2000} as shown above. Press OK to close the dialog. 8. The model appears as shown in the following figure. Notice that the cutlengths along segments B and D automatically stretched along with the selection that was moved.
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9. Select Edit > Undo to return the selected range to the previous position. Select Edit > Undo again to return Segment C to the opposite side of the main pipe run. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
10. Choose Select > Clear to clear the selection set. 11. Now we will demonstrate how selection sets can be used to insert multiple components simultaneously. Previously, we created a selection set that defined a range of components. In this exercise, you will create a selection set of points. Select Select > Point. The control dialog shown below is displayed.
12. With the control dialog displayed, select the following points: D02, C02, B02. All three point names are highlighted. 13. Select Insert > Anchor. 14. The Anchor dialog is displayed. Press OK to accept the defaults, an anchor will be placed at each of the selected points. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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INSERTING A SUPPORT
In this exercise you will add a run point near the bend at point A02 and insert a support at that location. 1. First, zoom into the area around the bend at point A02.
2. Before adding a support, you need to add a run point where the support will be placed. Pick point A02 to make it the active point, and then select Insert > Run. 3. The Run Point dialog is displayed.
Input 2 feet {600} in the Length field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. The new point A10 is inserted in the model as shown in the following figure.
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4. Select Insert > Support. 5. The Support dialog is displayed. Select Guide from the Support Type field. The dialog is filtered to provide fields related to the definition of a Guide Support.
6. Input the following values: Gap Left: 0.4 {10} Gap Right: 0.6 {15} Friction Coefficient: 0.3 (pipe friction on the support)
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7. Press OK to close the dialog. The support is inserted into the model as shown in the following figure.
8. Select Edit > Renumber > All Points to renumber the points sequentially. 9. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown in the following figure.
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CHAPTER REVIEW
In this chapter we introduced several modeling techniques which were used in the construction of a model. Before continuing, please review the following concepts, which were introduced in this chapter. Piping Codes: Each model in AutoPIPE must be associated with a specific Piping Code. AutoPIPE will automatically generate component and material options during operation of the program based on the selected piping code. The code is also used in code compliance calculations. Pipe Properties: Every object placed in a model is associated with a particular set of pipe properties. These properties are initially defined during the creation of a new system, but can be modified at any point during the design process. Bend Placement: Bends require a unique placement procedure. First, the user specifies a tangent intersection point (TIP). This is the location where two perpendicular pipe runs would intersect, and does not indicate an actual physical point on the bend itself. After the TIP is specified, the user must specify the location of the next component or point. The downstream/next point helps to orient the elbow in three-dimensional space. Flange Insertion: Flanges may be inserted on both sides of a component (i.e., a valve) with a single command. Highlight the desired component, then select Insert/Flange. After completing the dialog, flanges will be placed on both sides of the selected component. Tee Insertion: Like elbows, tees rely on the placement of a connecting component in order to orient it properly. Before the branch can be oriented, a run point or component must be routed off the branch end of the tee. To route off a tee branch, select the arrow graphic associated with the tee, then select the desired point or component placement command. Zoom Controls: AutoPIPE provides a variety of commands for controlling the display of the model. The Zoom controls are available in the View pull-down menu, and on a special set of toolbar buttons. A zoom control panel appears on the bottom of the application window, and the model is displayed as a wireframe. Use the commands in the menu or toolbar, or interactively pan, zoom, and rotate the model using the keyboard commands listed on the control bar. Converting a Point: Intersecting points on pipe runs can be converted to a bend or a tee. The process is to first route the pipe runs, then select the intersection point and execute the appropriate Modify/Convert Point to command. Existing points can also be converted to run points using the Modify/Convert Point to/Run command.
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Intermediate Points: Points can be added along an existing pipe run. The process is to first select a starting point, then select Insert/Run. When the Run Point dialog appears, specify the desired quantity of intermediate points in the Generate Points field. By default, the new point(s) will be equally spaced between the active point and the next downstream point. Renumbering Points: When inserting new points along an existing run, the point names will no longer be numbered sequentially along the segment (assuming the default naming scheme was utilized). To correct this, use the Edit/Renumber commands. Copy/Pasting a Range: Ranges of components can be copied and pasted to facilitate the modeling process. First select the range, then select Edit/Copy. The selected range is copied to the Windows clipboard. You can now select a point in the model and paste the copied elements to a new location. AutoPIPE will automatically assign unique point names to the copied component set. Moving/Stretching: AutoPIPE allows you to easily re-position components in the model. Select the range, then select Edit/Move/Stretch. Input the new coordinates in the dialog. The cutlengths of components attached to the re-positioned range will be updated automatically and all connections will remain intact.
WHATS NEXT?
In the next chapter you will modify the pipe properties of existing elements, and learn how to interactively review the pressure and temperature values assigned to different parts of the model.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
In this chapter you will modify some of the existing pipe properties from the dialog and Input Grids separately. You will learn how to modify the properties of an existing identifier and how to select a range of components based on the associated Pipe ID. Later in the chapter, you will modify and interactively review pressure and temperature loads and demonstrate the use of the Point Properties information dialog. OVERVIEW USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES CHAPTER REVIEW 4-2 4-2 4-8 4-13 4-17 4-20
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
In the first part of this chapter, you will create a copy of the model completed at the end of Chapter 3, and then use that copy to learn how to modify existing pipe properties using the menu dialog method. In the second part of the chapter, you will use the original Tutorial1 model and perform the same modifications to the model using the Input Grids. The remainder of the chapter may then be completed using this model.
USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES > MAKE A COPY OF THE TUTORIAL MODEL
1. Open the TUTOR1.DAT model if not open already. 2. Select File > Save As > AutoPIPE Database (*.dat). 3. Input TUTOR1_Menu_Method in the File Name field and then press Save. You will use this model for the first part of this chapter.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 12"STD {300STD}, then press OK. 3. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. Input a new Pipe Identifier name of 10"STD {250STD}. By typing in a new name, the properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where the 12"STD {300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined.
4. From the Nominal Diameter field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250}. Press OK to retain the remaining properties. Hint Users do not necessarily have to change the name of a pipe identifier in order to change the properties, but it is often helpful to do so in order to remember pipe properties of a given identifier.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
3. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD53 {200STD53}, then press OK to close the dialog. Note In this example, a Pipe ID was specified to create the selection set. However, note that options are available for creating a selection set based on Diameter, Schedule, Wall Thickness or Pipe Material. The ability to select components based on pipe properties allows the user to quickly implement design changes.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
1. Select Modify > Pipe Properties Over Range. The Pipe Properties dialog is displayed. 2. From the Pipe Identifier field, select 8"STD {200STD}. An alert dialog is immediately displayed. By specifying an existing Pipe ID, you are telling AutoPIPE that you want to replace the properties of the selection set with those defined in the 8STD {200STD} Pipe Identifier. Press OK to close the dialog and apply the changes.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
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USING THE MENU METHOD TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
3. Click in the Case 2/Pressure field to highlight the 350 {2.4} value. Modify this value by inputting 370 (psi) {2.6}. 4. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 5. A note is displayed to inform you that the load range includes a flange and a valve at A05.
6. Press OK to accept the note (this note is meant to alert you to the fact that the pressure rating of the valve and flange may need to be updated).
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
2. Select 12"STD {300STD} under the PipeID column, then type the new name 10"STD {250STD}. The properties of 10"STD {250STD} will be used in all locations where the 12"STD {300STD} pipe identifier was previously defined. 3. From the Nominal field, select a new pipe size of 10.000 {250} and press the Tab key. 4. The Pipe Properties grid changes as below with the 12STD {300STD} replacing the 10STD {250STD} pipe identifier.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
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USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
Note
The Input Grids/Pipe Properties tab can used to easily create a selection for a single pipe identifier.
Hint
Pipes can also be selected by segment or line number using the segment grid as shown below.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
3. Modify the values in the selected cells by inputting 370 (psi) {2.6} (n/mm2) and pressing Ctrl+Enter.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
USING THE INPUT GRIDS TO MODIFY PIPE PROPERTIES
4. The pressure in case 2 for range A00 to A05 has now been updated from 350 {2.4} to 370 (psi) {2.6} (n/mm2).
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS
A color-coded representation of the model is displayed. Note the legend that appears in the left margin of the drawing area. Two P1 load cases are defined as shown in the following figure:
2. Now lets take a look at Pressure Case P2. Select View > Show > Operating Pressure or Press Ctrl + U again to review the second set of pressure cases. The Show Pressure dialog comes up. Select operating loadcase 2 and press OK. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS
3. When a keyboard shortcut is available, it is displayed next to the associated menu command. For example, the shortcut for the View > Show >Temperature command is Ctrl + T.
Command Shortcuts (if shown) are displayed to the right of the menu command
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS
4. Press Ctrl + T now to view the T1 loads defined in the model. The show temperature dialog will come up. Select the defaults, (All) for operating loadcase and (All) for temperature value as shown in the following figure:
This will allow you to scroll to other temperature cases by repeating Ctrl + T or clicking the toolbar button. When you press OK, the temperature case 1 will be shown as follows:
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
GRAPHICALLY REVIEWING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE LOADS 5. Press Ctrl + T again to review T2.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES
2. The Point Properties information window appears as shown in the following figure.
3. The Point Properties information dialog can be left open while working with a model to provide continuous feedback on the selected point. This dialog can also move outside the main application window (provided the AutoPIPE application is not maximized to full window size). Place the cursor in the title bar of the dialog, then press and hold the mouse button and drag it outside the main modeling area as shown in the following figure. Leave this window open to view additional point information.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES 4. Pick point A08 to display its point properties.
Note
The TIP of the bend is A01. Bends also have two other points defined for the near (N) and far (F) sides of the bend. Thus, A01 N is the near point of the bend on the side closest to the anchor at point A00.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
REVIEWING POINT PROPERTIES
6. In addition to picking points in the model for review, you can also use the cursor keys to move from point to point. The information dialog will update as the cursor advances to each new point. For example, press the left arrow to review the data associated with point A00.
7. Press the right arrow cursor key several times and note how the information dialog is updated for each of the points. 8. You can also use the keyboard to jump the cursor to a different segment. Press Page Up and notice that the starting point of Segment B, A07, is now highlighted. The left and right arrow keys can now be used to review the properties of points along Segment B. 9. Press F3 to close the information dialog. 10. Select File > Save to save the model.
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MODIFYING PROPERTIES
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER REVIEW
Modifying an Existing Pipe Identifier: Use the Modify/Pipe ID command to modify the properties of an existing pipe identifier. A dialog is presented from which you can select one of the predefined IDs. After selecting the ID, AutoPIPE will recall the associated Pipe Properties dialog. Modify values inside this dialog, then press OK to close the dialog and update the properties of all components assigned to this ID. Alternatively select the Input Grids/Pipe Properties TAB which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any one of the pipe identifiers in one location. Selecting a Range by Pipe Identifier: The Select/Pipe Property Points command allows you to create a selection set of components assigned to a particular Pipe ID. After the command is executed, select the desired ID from the dialog, and then press OK. All components assigned to that ID are highlighted. Modifying Pipe Properties Across Range: Pipe properties can be modified across a selected range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute the Modify/Pipe Properties over Range command. Modifying Pressure & Temperature Loads: Pressures and/or temperatures can be modified across a selected range. First select the range using one of several available methods, and then execute the Modify/Pressure & Temperature command. Alternatively select the Input Grids/ Pres/Temp/PipeID TAB which provides the benefit of reviewing /modifying any range of pressure and temperature values for any load case. Graphically Reviewing Loads: The View/Show commands allow you to interactively review various load information in your model. A legend will appear to the left of the main modeling area, and a color-coded plot of the loads is produced. Reviewing Point Properties: A Point Properties information dialog may be displayed by selecting View/Point Properties. A floating information window opens to display information about the selected (active) point. You can view other point information by selecting a new point with the keyboard or by using the cursor keys to scroll through the points on a selected segment. To jump between segments, use the [Pg Up] and [Pg Dn] keys.
WHATS NEXT?
In the next chapter well assign loads to the model, run an analysis, and interactively review the results. You will then modify the design to satisfy code compliance, and re-run the analysis to confirm the final design is in range.
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In this chapter you will assign various loads to the system. After the loads are defined, well run a static analysis and review the results. You will learn how to graphically review code stress and user load combinations results. At the end of the chapter well implement a design change to satisfy code compliance requirements. OVERVIEW ASSIGNING LOADS PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS GRAPHICAL REVIEW OF CODE STRESSES DISPLAYING LOAD COMBINATIONS USER DEFINED LOAD COMBINATIONS MORE NON-CODE COMBINATIONS INTERACTIVE REVIEW DESIGN CHANGE CHAPTER REVIEW 5-2 5-2 5-7 5-9 5-13 5-14 5-15 5-18 5-20 5-25
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OVERVIEW
AutoPIPE provides powerful analysis tools to help you analyze the effects of different loads on your system. Analysis is a three-step process: First, you must assign the loads in your system. Secondly, you must perform the analysis and specify which loads are to be considered during the analysis. The third step is to review the results in order to determine compliance. This chapter covers all three steps in the stress analysis process, as well as the process of revising the model after the analysis in order to satisfy code compliance.
ASSIGNING LOADS
A variety of different loads can be specified in a model. This section demonstrates how to insert concentrated, thermal, and earthquake loads.
2. Define the zoom area as shown above, and then press the Windowed Zoom icon. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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3. The Concentrated Force icon is located in the Component toolbar to the right of the modeling area. Position the cursor over this icon, hold down the mouse button, and then drag it over to point A02 N. Finally, release the mouse button and "drop" it to assign the load to that point.
Note
The use of the "drag and drop" technique is not compulsory. You could just as easily have selected A02 N to make it the active point, then selected Insert Insert > Xtra data > Concentrated Force; or simply clicked once on the icon.
4. The Concentrated Force dialog is displayed. You must associate the concentrated load with a load case. In this example, you will assume the load to be an occasional load (i.e., from a relief valve opening) so that AutoPIPE will automatically combine it properly for piping code stress calculations. Select U1 from the Load case to combine with field. 5. Input - 250 lb. {-980} kg in the Z Forces field.
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6. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A concentrated force symbol is placed at point A02 N to indicate that a load has been applied at that point. 7. Select View > All to view the extents of the model as shown below.
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2. Assume that the anchor at A00 represents a connection to a vessel that experiences thermal growth. Instead of building the entire vessel using pipe elements, we will specify thermal displacements for each thermal load case in the Anchor dialog. Input the following values in the Thermal Anchor Movement section of the dialog:
T1 DY T2 DY T2 RZ - 0.1 {-2.5} 0.6 {15.0} 2 (inches) {mm} (inches) {mm} (degrees rotation)
Note
Imposed displacements associated with load cases other than thermal can be input using the Insert > Xtra Data > Imposed Support Displacement command. This feature enables the user to simulate anchor and support displacements for equipment settlement or displacement due to wind, seismic, or fluid transient loads.
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2. Since we do not know what direction the earthquake may come from, it is generally accepted practice to analyze loads coming from at least two different horizontal directions. Input 2 in the Number of earthquake load cases field. 3. Input the following values:
Case E1 X Case E2 Z 0.25 0.25 g g
4. Press OK to close the dialog. Note AutoPIPE also has options to analyze earthquake loads using response spectrum or time history dynamic analysis.
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2. Select Analysis Set No. 1 and click Modify to display the dialog below.
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4. Enable User load case U1. Enabling this field will allow us to analyze the concentrated laod U1, which you previously defined at point A02N. 5. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we will need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers these non-linear boundary conditions during the static analysis. 5. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog. 6. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.
7. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. 8. Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog.
> TO PERFORM
A STATIC ANALYSIS
1. Select Analyze > Static. Note The menu command Analyze > Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon have the same behavior. Both will run the analysis using the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog.
2. AutoPIPE reports a static summary of the time taken to perform the analysis. Note that the Cancel button can be pressed at any time to discontinue the analysis.
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3. Press OK from the status dialog after the analysis has completed successfully. Now that the model has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described below.
7. Press OK to accept the defaults. 8. A color-coded plot of stress ratios between piping points is displayed. A legend appears to the left of the model area, making it easy to quickly identify ranges of values along a piping system. As with the other interactive options in the Result menu, the crosshairs can also be positioned at any point to calculate the code stress data associated with an individual point.
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9. Toolbar buttons are available for navigating from the least stressed to the most stressed points. The controls are shown below. Experiment with these buttons and note how the information dialog is updated with the new point information.
Least Stressed Previous Stressed
10. In addition to the VCR-type controls shown above, you can also pick on a point to display its associated stress data. Pick point C01 N (the near point of the bend on Segment C). The information dialog is updated.
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11. Press Cancel to close the information dialog and complete the stress review. 12. Select File/Save.
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2. As you move through the tabs, you can see, AutoPIPE has automatically combined loads for calculation of piping code stresses. The Non-Code Comb category, shown above, is for operating combinations to analyze nozzle loads, support loads, deflections, etc. The default is for the user to combine these loads manually since different users have different requirements. AutoPIPE provides an option to automatically combine Non-Code Comb loads under Tools/Model options/Results command. Note The Non-Code combination sets, also known as user-defined non-code combinations, are the focus of the next section.
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Hint
The combination name is not specific, and you can input any identifier you wish. However, you should choose a meaningful name since the combination name in this field is how the combination will be listed in the output reports.
5. Select 1 Sum from the Combination method field. 6. Select the following to create an operating load combination to consider Gravity (dead weight) combined with thermal and earthquake loads:
(first) (second) (third) Case/Comb: Case/Comb: Case/Comb: GR T1 E1
7. Notice that the Factor area of the dialog. In some cases, the structural department may require that piping loads be factored before they can be used as part of the structural analysis. This area permits load factoring while defining user-defined combinations. Tab once to the Factor field adjacent to the E1 Case/Comb, then enter 1.4. Hint Another application for the load factor may be to consider the earthquake load coming from the opposite direction. Entering a negative value can do this.
8. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK button to accept the values.
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5. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. Note Leave the Load Combination dialog open with the Non-Code Combinations tab active.
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8. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. 9. Click the New button again in the Load Combinations dialog.
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11. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK. The Non-Code Combinations are listed at the bottom of the grid as shown:
12. Now that the user-defined non-code combinations are defined, select the Code Comb. tab. 13. Confirm that your dialog contains the same set of combinations as shown in the figure below. You may need to click the Reset Defaults Only button.
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INTERACTIVE REVIEW
Now that we have a number of user-defined loads in the model, we can view the results for varying code combinations. As already demonstrated, AutoPIPE allows you to view information about any point in the drawing. This ability also applies to viewing displacement, forces & moments, and other types of results. 1. A Single Line view of the model is ideal for viewing point related information. Select View > Single Line View. The model appears as shown below.
4. Select GR+T2+E2 from the Load Combination field, and then press OK to accept the remaining defaults. A deflected shape plot of the model is displayed as shown below.
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The red line is a scaled representation of the deflections. This line can be used to illustrate points of concern.
5. Pick point A01 N to review actual deflections at that point. 6. Move the displacement dialog to the side of the modeling area so that you can see both the point information and the model. Press the Pg Up key several times to scroll through displacement results from different loads and load combinations. Notice the level of information available in the dialog. Note The toolbar buttons that look like VCR controls can also be used to navigate through the load combinations. These buttons can be used to see deflected shapes of other loads prior to clicking on a point. Once the Point A01N is selected, these keys emulate the Page Up and Page Down keys.
7. Select Result > Force & Moment. 8. The information window now displays Forces and Moments information about the selected point. 9. Pick point A00 to view the forces and moments at that anchor point.
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10. Press the Cancel button to terminate the Forces and Moments review. 11. Select File > Save.
DESIGN CHANGE
Having already reviewed stresses, deflections, and loads, we will now iterate through a design change. AutoPIPE facilitates this process by helping you to quickly re-run an analysis to determine whether a design change produced the desired effect. 1. Pick point A01 N. 2. Select Insert/Support.
3. Select Guide from the Support type field. 4. Press OK to accept the defaults and close the dialog. The Guide is placed in the model as shown in the following figure.
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5. Select View > Solid Model View to display a 3D representation of the model. 6. After adding the new component, you have to re-run the static analysis; otherwise, the results (based on the addition of the guide support) will not reflect the properties of the design change. Select the Static Analysis button on the toolbar. Hint As mentioned previously, the Static Analysis toolbar button runs a static analysis using the last set of options defined in the dialog. Use the toolbar button when re-running an analysis. Use the menu command to define new analysis criteria.
7. Select Result > Code Stresses to check the piping code stress results.
8. Press OK to accept the defaults and review the stress ratios. A color-coded stress plot of the model is displayed. Note that the red areas help you to quickly determine where the system is still overstressed.
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The red areas in the display help to quickly locate areas of high stress.
9. Press Cancel to exit interactive stress review. 10. The Guide support did not solve the stress problem. "Undo" the design change by selecting Edit > Undo. The Guide is removed from the model. 11. You will now try another design change in which we add length to the first elbow in order to add flexibility. Pick point A01 to make it active. 12. Select Modify > Bend, or double-click on point A01.
13. In the Length field, enter 14 feet {4000} mm. 14. Enable the Apply offsets to all following points field. Note that the DZ value is updated. 15. Press OK to close the dialog. The model is redrawn as shown in the following figure.
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16. Let's see if the new design change helps to alleviate the points of high stress in the system. Press the Static Analysis toolbar button to re-analyze the system. 17. Select Result > Code Stresses. 18. The stress plot of the system is shown below. Move the information dialog to the right and review the new results. Note that the model no longer exceeds code stress allowables. The maximum stress ratio is now 0.92 {0.93} at A01 N+ (inside the bend) and thus there are no longer any red areas in the model.
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19. Press the Cancel button to exit the interactive stress review. 20. Select File > Save.
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CHAPTER REVIEW
Assigning Loads: There are different methods for assigning loads depending on whether the load is being assigned to a point or to an entire system. For example, in this chapter you learned how to assign a Concentrated Force to a specific point in the model using the Loads/Concentrated Force command. A thermal load was also applied to an anchor point by inputting the load value inside the Anchor dialog. An earthquake load was assigned to the entire system by selecting Loads/Static Earthquake. From the dialog, you may define the number of earthquake load cases and input values as multiples of gravity. Performing a Static Analysis: The Static Analysis command analyzes the effects of different loads on your system. A dialog is presented in which you may select which loads to include in the analysis. Obviously, loads must be defined in the model before they can be analyzed. To include a non-linear analysis, ensure that the Gaps/Friction/Soil option has been enabled in the Static Load Cases dialog. To re-run a static analysis with the previous set of load options, use the Static Analysis toolbar button. To run an analysis with new options, use the Analyze/Static menu command. Graphical Review of Code Stresses: After loads have been assigned and a static analysis performed, you can review the results of code stresses. Many of these commands are available in the Result menu. For example, select Result/Code Stresses to produce a color-coded plot of stresses in the model. A legend will appear to the left of the modeling area to help you to quickly identify areas of concern in the system. Displaying Load Combinations: The Tools/Display Combinations command helps you to identify the loads that have been defined in the system. Of particular note in this dialog is the NonCode Comb. column, which lists user-defined non-code combinations. By default, AutoPIPE will assume that you want to define these combination sets manually, as different users and systems have different requirements. User Defined Load Combinations: Use the Tools/User-Defined Combinations/Non-Code command to input Non-Code Comb. combination sets. A dialog allows you to name the code for identification in reports, and to assign multiple Case/Combinations and associated Factors. Interactive Review: A variety of graphical and point information is available for reviewing code results. A deflected shape plot of the model can be produced with the Result/Displacement command. The Result/Force & Moment command helps to review the Forces and Moments loads associated with a selected point. Design Changes: Use the Result/Code Stresses command to check the piping code stress results. AutoPIPE will highlight high stress areas in red that may be out of range. You can then make a design change, re-run the Static Analysis command, and confirm the results using the Result/Code Stresses command again. This technique allows you to quickly confirm the success/failure of a design change implemented to satisfy code compliance requirements.
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OUTPUT REPORTS
In this chapter you will generate a report on the model constructed in the previous chapters. Reports can be opened, generated and viewed from within AutoPIPE, or directed to a printer. In this example, we will specify the loads to be included, and then review individual sections of the output results. OVERVIEW SELECTION OF OUTPUT RESULTS GENERATING THE REPORT REVIEWING THE REPORT CLOSING THE REPORT CHAPTER REVIEW 6-2 6-2 6-3 6-4 6-4 6-5
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OVERVIEW
OVERVIEW
In this chapter you will learn how to output an AutoPIPE report. You will review how to limit the type of information provided on these reports, and briefly discuss individual sections.
2. Note that by default all of the combinations are enabled. For this tutorial report, disable the Print option for the following individual load cases: GE1 and GE2. 3. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK.
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OUTPUT REPORTS
GENERATING THE REPORT
3. Disable the Displacement, Support, and Force and Moments options. Hint AutoPIPE provides options to graphically select the points to be included in the output report, and options to filter output results based on user-specified criteria. Refer to Chapter 10 for more information on Result Filters.
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OUTPUT REPORTS
REVIEWING THE REPORT
Notice that the report is divided into sections. Scroll to the Restraint Reactions, Code Compliance, and Result Summary sub-reports. Note that AutoPIPE conveniently summarizes all load cases and load combinations at each point, saving the user from having to search, case by case, for the highest loads at a given point.
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CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER REVIEW
This completes the first AutoPIPE tutorial. In this chapter you learned how to generate and review an output report.
WHATS NEXT?
In the next chapter you will begin the second of the two tutorial models. The second tutorial demonstrates how to import models and systems, how to copy multiple instances of a system into a model, and reviews additional modeling techniques.
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II
The second tutorial begins by importing an existing AutoPLANT CAD model in PXF format into AutoPIPE. After the model is imported, new components are added and the model is saved in AutoPIPE. The exercises also cover the insertion of multiple copies of a frame model in order to construct a pipe rack/vessel/piping interaction. The Result Filter options are also discussed. Even if you do not use the AutoPLANT plant design CAD system, this tutorial covers a number of important AutoPIPE features and capabilities. While the second tutorial does not assume you have completed Part I of this manual, it is assumed that you are familiar with some of the terms and concepts introduced previously. CHAPTER 7: CREATING AND CONNECTING SEGMENTS CHAPTER 8: VIEWING OPTIONS CHAPTER 9: CREATING AND INSERTING A FRAME MODEL CHAPTER 10: ANALYSIS AND RESULTS
AutoPIPE Tutorial
In this Chapter you will begin the second tutorial. An AutoPLANT PXF file will be imported into AutoPIPE for use in stress analysis. After the model is imported, you will connect a new segment and add a vessel to the system. IMPORTING A PXF FILE REVIEWING AUTOPLANT DATA CONVERTING A RUN POINT TO A TEE NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY CREATING A NEW DISCONNECTED SEGMENT CONNECTING TO ANOTHER SEGMENT CHAPTER REVIEW 7-2 7-6 7-8 7-9 7-10 7-13 7-15
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1. Select File > Import > AutoPLANT (*.pxf) to display the Import dialog. Note AutoPIPE can import files from a number of different plant design CAD packages on the market. For this tutorial we are using a Bentley AutoPLANT model, but the same principle applies to importing other file types.
2. Double-click on the Examples directory. 3. Double-click on the TUTOR2.PXF file. 4. The General Model Options dialog displays as shown in the following figure. From this dialog you can name the system for use in reports, enter designer initials, etc. First, name the model for identification in reports. Type Second Tutorial in the Project ID field, and then enter your initials in the Prepared by field. Of particular note on this dialog is the Piping Code, as this field can determine which options are available in other areas of the system. Tab to the Piping Code and select B31.1 Power from the list and select the 2010 Edition. Note that once a Piping Code is specified, the remaining fields in the dialog are updated to reflect the defaults for that code. Tab to the Units file Name fields and set both the Input and Output units to AutoPIPE {SI}. Next, set the Vertical axis direction to the Y-Axis. When the dialog appears as shown in the following figure, press the OK button to close the dialog.
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5. The Import AutoPLANT dialog below displays. From this location select the settings shown below and specify the temperature and pressure loads of the imported system. 6. Enter 300 {2.0} in the Pressure field, 450 {250} in the Temperature field .
7. Disable the Use material grade map option and select A53-A from the Pipe Material list. 8. Press OK.
9. One note and one warning message appear when you click Yes to display the errors and warnings messages. The note shows the assumed PXF import options which can be edited in the CADAP.MAP file. The warning message indicates that the file linelist.txt, which contains operating data for every line number, is missing. In this case AutoPIPE uses the operating data entered above for the entire model.
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10. Press the close button (the X in the control menu at the upper-right corner of the window) to close the Errors and Warnings window. The imported model now appears within the AutoPIPE modeling window, and you can now perform stress analysis on the system. You can also add components and modify the model as described in the remaining sections of this chapter.
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11. Click the 180 deg Iso View button in the left toolbar to display the model as shown below.
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Hint
Press OK and notice how segment A (L100) is highlighted in red. This is useful for updating data pertinent to the line such as pressure/temperature data or pipe material properties.
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For easier comparison of coordinate data, it is recommended that vertical axis be set as Z during import and the origin shift flag in CADAP.MAP be set to N. Press the close button (the X in the upper-right corner of the window) to close the PXF Data window.
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3. AutoPIPE displays the tee with arrows to indicate the direction of each of the legs and the branch. Notice that the leg for the branch points in an arbitrary direction. Click the arrowhead at point A07 (refer to the graphic below) which allows the branch to extend perpendicular to the header (in the +X direction).
Note
The arrowhead does not indicate the direction of the run you will be inserting, only the plane on which the branch is oriented. In the next step we will insert a run point that will extend in the +X direction; thus, the branch will be placed on the opposite side of the pipe run shown above.
After the selected arrowhead is highlighted, you can build the branch pipe from point A07.
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4. Select the Insert > Run. The Run Point dialog is displayed. You will now define a run to the nozzle/vessel connection point so that the local flexibilities at the nozzle/vessel connection can be specified.
5. Input 32 {9750} in the DX-offset field then press the OK button to close the dialog.
NOZZLE/VESSEL FLEXIBILITY
To add the nozzle flexibility, the procedure is to create a nozzle flexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel.
2. Now you must input information about the vessel so that AutoPIPE can automatically compute the nozzle/vessel connection flexibilities. The dialog allows you to define the properties of the vessel used in computing these flexibilities. Generally, the thickness of the vessel wall is entered as the nozzle length for local flexibility of the nozzle/vessel connection. Enter a nozzle Length of 0.04 {12.7}, a Vessel Radius of 2 {600}, and a Thickness of 0.6 {12.7}.
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5. Place the cursor in the Direction of vessel axis field. Notice that the Nozzle stiffnesses have been automatically computed based on the values we entered in previous steps. From the Direction of vessel axis field, choose the Global Y option. 6. Press OK to close the dialog. 7. Before continuing you should save your work up to this point. Select File > Save.
2. When inserting a new segment, AutoPIPE assumes you want the first point to be the current active point (in this case: B02). In order to create a new disconnected point in space, you must override the Name of first point from B02 to C00, which is a point name not previously defined. Tab once to the Name of first point field and enter the name C00. Tab again to the Offset from which point field and enter the name B02. The default is to offset from the origin (0,0,0). 3. You will start the segment at the base of the vessel and input X,Y,Z offsets of the new segment from the point B02. You are inputting coordinates offsets to the base of the vessel. Tab to the DX offset and enter 2 feet {600} mm. 4. In the DY offset field, enter 8 {-2400}. 5. Tab twice to the Pipe data identifier field and type vessel. The pressure vessel will be modeled as a large diameter pipe with a new Pipe identifier name and different properties from the current 6P1. By typing in a new Pipe data identifier name, AutoPIPE will automatically display the Pipe Properties dialog so that you can assign properties to the vessel. 6. Press OK to close the dialog.
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The Pipe Properties dialog is automatically displayed. You will define the vessel as having non-standard nominal diameter, with an actual O.D. of 48 inches {1200} mm and a {12.7} mm wall thickness as shown below.
7. From the Nominal diameter selection list, choose the NS option. 8. Input 48 inches {1200} mm in the Actual O.D. field. 9. Input 0.5 inches {12.7} mm in the Wall thickness field. 10. From the Pipe Material selection list, choose the CS option. A warning message will be displayed to indicate that CS is a generic material with no allowable stresses defined. Press OK to close the message. 11. Replace the default cold allowable stress of 13700 psi {82.74} N/mm2. Highlight this value, and then input 50000 {5000} in the Cold allowable (ambient allowable) field. Press OK to close the dialog. 12. The Pressure & Temperature dialog is displayed.
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13. Input 40000 {4000} in the Hot allow field. Press OK to close the dialog. 14. Select Insert > Anchor to display the Anchor dialog shown below. This step allows us to anchor the base of the vessel.
15. Click the OK button to accept defaults for the anchor 16. You will now build the vertical vessel using our newly defined large diameter Vessel pipe identifier. Select Insert > Run to display the Run Point dialog shown in the following figure.
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17. You will now define the critical points of the vessel. Since you will later connect a nozzle to this vessel, you need to create a point at the same elevation where the nozzle will be placed. In the DY offset field, enter 8 feet {2400} mm and then press OK. 18. You will now input a run point to define the top of the vessel. It is not always necessary to specify offsets. Since AutoPIPE keeps track of the segment direction, you need to enter only the length to the top of the vessel. Select Insert > Run again. When the dialog appears, input a value of 2 feet {600} mm in the Length field.
19. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown in the following figure.
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3. By default, AutoPIPE assumes that the tee point will be a new point. To connect point B02 to C01 you must override the Name of point field and enter C01. When an existing point is specified, AutoPIPE automatically connects the two segments. Input C01 in the Name of point field. 4. Tab once and you will notice that most fields are grayed out because we are connecting to an existing point. Tab once more to the Type of tee field, set the Type of tee to Unreinfor. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. 5. Since the pipe connecting the nozzle to the center of the pipe is not real, it is best that you set it to have rigid properties. Select the pipe joining B02 to C01 by clicking at the middle of this pipe section to highlight it in red. 6. Select Insert > Rigid Options Over Range to convert this pipe into a rigid pipe
7. Select the default options as shown above to ignore the weight of the pipe and account for thermal expansion. Accounting for thermal expansion this way relieves you from entering the vessel thermal movements. AutoPIPE uses the material expansion associated with the pipe identifier material. Press OK to accept the rigid options. 8. The rigid pipe section will change color to distinguish it as a rigid pipe.
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9. Select File > Save to save the model and its data.
CHAPTER REVIEW
In this chapter you learned how to convert an AutoPLANT 97-generated PXF file to an AutoPIPE piping stress model. We used this imported model as a starting point on which to attach new components. Before we could do this, however, we converted a run point on the imported model into a tee point. After specifying the branch direction, we were able to route a new run point off the branch and define the local flexbilities at the nozzle/vessel connection. Finally, we created a vessel using a new, disconnected segment and defined unique pipe properties for the vessel. The vessel and the piping line were then connected with a rigid element placed between the two segments. Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter: Importing a PXF File: Models are imported into AutoPIPE using the File/Import command. From this dialog, users can select the file type of the model to be imported then double-click on the file. As part of the conversion process, the user is required to specify certain properties of the system such as the desired piping code and pressure and temperature conditions. Converting a Run Point: Points can be converted to new point types. In this chapter we selected an existing run point in the imported model and converted it using the Modify/Convert Point to/Tee command. Nozzle/Vessel Flexibility: To define the flexibility of the nozzle connection, we create a nozzle flexibility element with a length equivalent to the wall thickness of the vessel. This was accomplished using the Insert/Xtra Data/Nozzle Flexibility command. Creating a New Disconnected Segment: A pressure vessel was constructed by defining it as a new, disconnected segment of pipe. We modeled this vessel as a large diameter pipe. By assigning it a new Pipe Identifier name, we were able to assign pipe properties unique to the vessel. Connecting Segments: In the last section of this chapter we connected the vessel to a nozzle using a rigid element. This was done so that the movement of the vessel due to thermal loads is transferred directly to the nozzle at the vessel surface.
WHATS NEXT?
In the next chapter you will review some of the available viewing options.
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VIEWING OPTIONS
This chapter illustrates how to use AutoPIPEs view controls to obtain different views of your model. Options are available for viewing the components as single, double, or 3D representations. You can also zoom to the extents of the model, view a windowed area, or view along the X, Y, or Z axis. VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW SOLID MODEL VIEW VECTOR VIEW CHAPTER REVIEW 8-2 8-2 8-3 8-6
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VIEWING OPTIONS
VIEW CONTROLS OVERVIEW
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VIEWING OPTIONS
VECTOR VIEW
2. Select View > Solid Model View. The model is re-displayed as a three-dimensional representation of the components in the system as shown in the following figure.
VECTOR VIEW
1. To verify that your nozzle is located properly, you will select a Z-axis view of the model. Select View > Vector. The View Vector dialog is displayed as shown below.
2. From the View Direction field, select the Z view option, then press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. The Z view command allows you to view an elevation view of the model as shown below. Note that point B02 lies right at the vessel wall as desired. Hint You can also click on the view isometric, top, front, or side toolbar icons to change views.
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VIEWING OPTIONS
VECTOR VIEW
3. Restore the previous view of the model by selecting View > Default. Your model appears as shown in the following figures.
Multiple viewports are also available from the View menu. See the following examples:
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VIEWING OPTIONS
VECTOR VIEW
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VIEWING OPTIONS
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER REVIEW
In this chapter we reviewed some of the viewing capabilities of AutoPIPE. View/Solid Model View allows you to view a three-dimensional representation of your model. In AutoPIPE, you can toggle between single line, wire-frame, and solid model views. Vector View: Another useful viewing command is View/Vector, which allows you to specify a viewing plane.
WHATS NEXT?
In the next chapter, you will create a pipe rack model from frame members. After the model is created and saved, you will learn how to import the model and insert it at multiple points to support the piping system.
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AutoPIPE Tutorial
In this chapter a simple frame structure is constructed to support the piping elements created in previous chapters. To do this, you will first create the structure as a new AutoPIPE model and save it. Afterwards, you will re-open the previous model and import the frame. Finally, you will attach the piping to the beams using supports. FRAME OVERVIEW CREATING A NEW AUTOPIPE FRAME MODEL ADDING ANCHORS TO THE FRAME VIEWING THE FRAME MODEL INSERTING THE FRAME INTO A MODEL CONNECTING THE FRAME TO PIPE CHAPTER REVIEW 9-2 9-2 9-10 9-11 9-12 9-19 9-23
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FRAME OVERVIEW
The long horizontal run of pipe from A6 to B01 requires support. To accomplish this, well create a portal frame. We use frames in this example to consider mass and flexibilities of the support structure as part of the piping analysis. Later in the chapter, well import two instances of this frame and connect them to the piping using supports.
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6. The Segment dialog is displayed. Normally, you would want to name and define the origin points for the first segment in the model. However, since this model will contain only beams and no pipe segments, press Cancel to close the dialog. No starting segment will be defined. 7. Select Insert > Beam Section Properties to begin creating the portal frame.
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8. Select Standard from Section type section and STEEL as the Material name. 9. Click Select button to open the Section Profile Database dialog. 10. Select W shape from American country section, W8X18 from Select Beam field and Single Section from Type Specification as shown below.
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11. Click OK to close the Section Profile Database dialog. 12. Click OK to close the Beam Section Properties dialog. 13. Select Insert > Beam.
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14. AutoPIPE creates the default beam name M1. You will now define the name and position of the endpoints defining this beam. Input the following values: From Point I: 1 To Point J: 2 Point J/ DY offset: 8 (feet) {2400} mm Section ID: W8x18 15. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. A single, vertical beam member is inserted in the model. 16. You will now build the beam forming the top of the frame. In this example, you want to place a support in the center of the top beam, so you will define the horizontal portion of the pipe rack using two beams of equal distance. This will give a midpoint on the beam at which to place the support. Click on Point 2 to make it the current point and re-select Insert > Beam to open the Beam dialog. Accept the default Beam ID (M2) and From Point I(2), then input the following values to build the second frame member: Note Note that the Section ID automatically defaults to the values defined for M1.
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To Point J: 3 Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {1200} mm 17. Press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. The model appears as shown below.
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To Point J: 4 Point J/ DZ offset: 4 (feet) {1200} mm 19. To complete the frame you will define a second vertical beam. Click on Point 4 to make it the current point and select Insert > Beam to open the M4 beam dialog. Input the following values, and then press OK when done.
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To Point J: 5 Point J/ DY offset: - 8 (feet) {-2400} mm 20. The model now appears as shown below.
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7. Since you know that point 3 will be the supporting location, pick point 3 to designate it as the active point, then save the model (File > Save). Note AutoPIPE automatically remembers the active point when a model is saved. By making point 3 active and then saving the model, this will become the default reference point when inserting the frame later in this chapter.
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2. Note that the beta angles are properly defined and that the strong axis of the beams is being loaded.
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3. Inserting a single run point or multiple run points is performed in the Run dialog. Select Insert > Run.
4. By default AutoPIPE inserts one point B04 at one-half the distance to B01. You will instead have AutoPIPE insert two equally spaced points between A07 and B01. These points will automatically be named B04 and B05. In the Generate points field input 2 to generate two new points. 5. Tab once to leave the Generate Points field, and AutoPIPE recalculates the length to 10.67 feet {3250} mm (which is 1/3 the distance to point B01). 6. Press OK to accept the values and close the Run Point dialog.
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Two equally spaced points are created on segment B, the frame structure can now be placed with respect to these points.
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AUTOMATIC RENUMBERING
After the new points are generated, notice that segment B is now numbered out of sequence, i.e. A07, B04, B05, and B01, B02. Fortunately, AutoPIPE provides a convenient tool for correcting this. Select Edit > Renumber > All Points.
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3. The default base point of the inserted model is set to 3. Press OK to accept the default and use point 3 as the reference point when placing the frame structure. Note The reason point 3 is the default reference point is because it was designated as the active point the last time the model was saved.
The Paste dialog is displayed as shown below. By default AutoPIPE assumes that we will connect the centerlines of the frame to the pipe and thus share the same point name, i.e. beam point 3 will be renamed B01.
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4. Enable the Connect to selected points and Apply offset from selected points or origin fields. 5. Once the Apply offset from selected points or origin field is enabled, the offset fields become available. You can now specify the offset distances from point B01 where the base point of the frame (point 3) will be placed. Using the Point Properties information window, these values can easily be determined. Input the following values: DY: - 8 {-200} mm (note the use of the inch mark; distance between the pipe and frame centerlines) 6. Press OK to close the Paste dialog. 7. Another confirmation dialog appears, press Yes to this Confirm dialog. Note that the inserted frame is located properly. Later we will come back and connect this frame to the piping.
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2. Pick the two points shown in the graphic above to define the perimeter of the zoom window, then select the Windowed Zoom toolbar button shown at left. Your model view should appear similar to the one shown in the following figure.
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3. You will now add a support at B02. First, pick point B02 to make it the active point. 4. Select Insert > Support. 5. The Support dialog is displayed as shown below. A U-bolt will attach the pipe to the frame. The U-bolt will have gaps of .25 inch {5} mm to the left and right of the pipe. Since the pipe is sitting on the frame we will also model the friction between the pipe and frame. Since the U-bolt supports perpendicular directions to the pipe, we use AutoPIPE's Guide support. Select Guide from the Support Type field.
Note
Note that additional fields are presented once you enter Guide as the Support Type and the cursor advances to the next field. AutoPIPE makes frequent use of these filtered dialogs to request only the information pertinent to the type of component that you have selected.
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6. By default the guide is connected to the ground. We instead wish to connect the guide to the center of the top beam of the support structure at point 5008. Input 5008 in the Connected to field. This is the beam point just below piping point B02. 7. In the Gap left and Gap right fields, input a value of 0.25 (inches) {5} mm. This will specify the gap on both the left and right sides to allow for movement of the pipe between the U-bolt. 8. Input a Friction coefficient of 0.4 to consider pipe friction on the support frame. 9. Press OK to close the dialog. 10. You will add an identical support at B01. Pick point B01 to make it active, and then select Insert > Support to re-open the Support dialog. Note that all defaults are correct and the only required input is to specify a new Connected to point of 5003. When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to define the second support.
11. Both supports have been added to connect the frame to the piping as shown in the following figure.
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12. You will now complete this section by zooming to the extents of the model and restoring the 3D view. Select View > All, then View > Solid Model View. The model appears as shown below.
CHAPTER REVIEW
In this chapter you learned how to create a frame structure and import two instances of it into the piping model. Points were generated along the piping line and a frame was inserted at these points. Finally, the frames were connected to the piping system using Guide supports. Before continuing, review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter. Constructing a Frame: Use the Insert/Beam command to define beams in a model. The Beam dialog allows you to specify the Table Name (i.e., W), Section ID (i.e., W8X18), and Material ID (i.e., A36) associated with a beam member. After these values are defined, subsequent instances of the Beam dialog will default to the same values. A frame is constructed of several beams. The user specifies the From and To points, then inputs offset distances from the previous point. Saving the Active Point: When a model is saved, AutoPIPE remembers the active point. This is useful when inserting the model because the saved active point on the model becomes the default reference point for placement. Importing an AutoPIPE model: Models may be inserted into a current system with the File/Insert Model/AutoPIPE Model (*.dat) command. Using this technique, you can create libraries of frequently used configurations for insertion into new models. Models are inserted with respect to a reference point, and can either be connected to an existing point(s), or placed an offset distance from a selected point(s). If no points are selected, the offset is assumed from the origin. Connecting Frame to Pipe: When inserting a frame, you can use the Point Properties information window to view coordinate information about a selected point. Using this info, you can specify the coordinates required to either connect to, or place a known distance from, a known point in the piping system. In this chapter, we purposefully placed the frames slightly below the piping line and then connected the frame to the pipe using a support.
WHATS NEXT?
In the last chapter you will learn to analyze the second tutorial model. You will assign loads, perform a static analysis, review the results, and implement a design change.
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10
In this section you will perform a non-linear analysis on the second tutorial model. You will also review displacement and code stress results interactively and with the result grids, then apply a filter to analyze the load cases and combinations. PERFORM A STATIC ANALYSIS CODE COMBINATIONS OVERVIEW DEFINING COMBINATION OPTIONS REVIEWING INTERACTIVE DISPLACEMENT RESULTS REVIEWING DISPLACEMENT RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) APPLYING RESULT FILTER CRITERIA SELECTING COMBINATIONS ROTATING EQUIPMENT COMPLIANCE REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS REVIEWING CODE STRESS RESULTS (RESULT GRIDS) CHAPTER REVIEW 10-2 10-4 10-4 10-6 10-7 10-9 10-10 10-12 10-14 10-16 10-20
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2. Select Analysis Set No. 1 and click Modify to display the following dialog.
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3. Enable the Gravity and Thermal Cases T1 options to check for these loads. 4. Since we have defined gaps and friction on the guide supports that connect to the frames, we will need to enable Gaps/Friction/Soil field. By enabling this field AutoPIPE considers these nonlinear boundary conditions during the static analysis. Hint To perform a non-linear analysis, you must always enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Load Cases dialog as described above.
5. Press OK to accept the remaining defaults and close the Static Load Cases dialog. 6. Since you enabled Gaps/Friction/Soil, AutoPIPE displays the Nonlinear Analysis dialog to allow customization of how the non-linear analysis is performed. Customization is only required if convergence problems occur during the analysis or a special load sequence is required.
7. Make sure the Force tolerance field is set to 100.00 {444.82}. 8. Accept the remaining default values as shown and click OK. 9. Press OK to close the Analysis Sets dialog. Note You will be prompted with a dialog asking if you want to analyze the model. Click Cancel as you will perform a Static Analysis in the next exercise.
> TO PERFORM
A STATIC ANALYSIS
1. Select Analyze > Static Note The menu command Analyze > Static, and its accompanying toolbar icon have the same behavior. Both will run the analysis using the last settings established in the Static Load Cases dialog.
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2. Now that the model has been analyzed, you can interactively review the results as described below.
2. Click the Combination Options button and enable the Add Default Non-Code Combination option. 3. Click the Non-Code Comb tab. 4. Click the Reset Defaults Only button to display the following Non-Code Combinations.
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3. You want to review the deflected shape for the operating combination GR+T1 (Gravity plus thermal case 1). Note that this was one of the default combinations created. From the Load Combination selection list, choose the GT1 option, and then press OK. 4. AutoPIPE graphically displays the deflected shape for this combination as shown in the graphic below. Note that the deflected shape is not the actual deflection, but exaggerated for identification purposes.
5. Note the large displacements at point A07. To view the numeric values associated with this displacement, pick point A07 to make it the active point. The information window details additional information about the selected point.
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2. Disable the checkbox next to the Gravity load case in the right window pane and the displacements in the grid are only shown for T1 and GT1 case as shown below.
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3. Double click on the DY column to sort from maximum to minimum displacement in the Y direction as show below. Note This provides a quick easy method to establish the maximum and minimum displacements in the complete model (+ve and ve values).
4. Select the Print button and then Print Grid to send the current grid to the printer. Note The Header and Footer can be customized to the companys standard document format which is saved to the binary file Result.gps for future use.
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1. Select Result > Filter Criteria > Displacement. 2. The Displacement Result Filter dialog is displayed as shown below.
3. By using the filter option, AutoPIPE will automatically highlight all points on the model that satisfy the filter condition for visual checking. Note that these points are added to the existing selection set. Furthermore, we can use this same filter condition to generate a report that contains only those points that meet the filter criteria. In this case, we wish to report only displacements greater than .8 inches. Enable the DX, DY, and DZ fields, then enter 0.8 {20} in the numeric field for each of the offsets as shown in the dialog above. 4. Press OK to close the dialog. The model appears as shown below. AutoPIPE automatically highlights the section of the model that satisfies the filter condition.
This section of the model is selected to indicate that it meets the filter criteria.
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SELECTING COMBINATIONS
AutoPIPE provides an option to select which load cases and combinations will be included in an output report. The default is to include all load cases and combinations. You will now disable all load cases (not print) but the GR+T1 load combination in order to further minimize the output report. In effect, you will be generating a report that contains only those points that met the filter criteria specified for combination GR+T1. 1. Select Tools > Combinations and select the Non-Code Comb. tab. 2. The Combinations dialog displays as shown below. By default AutoPIPE enables all combinations. You will now disable the GR load case (Print column) in order to isolate results only for the GT1 (i.e. GR+T1) load combination. Disable the following fields by clicking in the box adjacent to the field (ensure there is NOT a checkmark in the box next to the Gravity or Thermal fields):
3. Press OK to close the dialog. 4. The next step is to generate the output report. Select Result > Output Report. 5. The Batch Report dialog is displayed as shown in the following figure. Accept the default report file name, then make the following changes to the dialog; these changes allow you to produce a report which includes only those points which satisfy the displacement criteria defined previously:
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6. When the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close it. The output report is displayed in a separate window. Hint Like any window, the output report can be re-sized, minimized, maximized, scrolled, printed, etc. Refer to your Windows documentation for more information on windows and their properties.
7. Note that only the points which met the user-specified filter criteria (exceed 0.8" {20mm}deflection) for combination GT1 are reported. You will now close this window and return to our model. Select File > Exit to close the report window (you can also click the X in the upper-right corner of the window).
1. Select Tools > Rotating Equipment. The Rotating Equipment dialog is displayed.
2. AutoPIPE allows for multiple rotating equipments to be defined including pumps, compressors, turbines, etc. Specify unique equipment ID to identify this element. In the Equipment ID field, input compr1. 3. From the Type selection list, choose Compress for an API 617 compressor. After the type is selected, the Rotating Equipment dialog is filtered to provide additional fields related specifically to the equipment type (in this case, a compressor). 4. Press Tab to move to the Generate Report field. Keep this field enabled for reporting of this equipment in the generation of a compliance report.
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5. Define the properties of the compressor by entering the following values in the appropriate fields: Suction point: A00 Discharge point: A14 Shaft axis: Global X Override Nozzle Coordinates: Unchecked 6. After the dialog appears as shown above, press OK to accept the values and close the dialog. 7. Now that the rotating equipment is defined, we can review the results of the equipment compliance check. Select Result > Output Report. When the Batch Report dialog appears, DISABLE the Apply Filter Criteria and Displacement options, and enable the Equipment option. When the dialog appears as shown below, press OK to generate the report.
8. The Rotating Equipment report is displayed. This report displays the loads automatically extracted from the analysis and equations required by the API 617 compliance. AutoPIPEs rotating equipment modules automatically extract the forces and moments from the piping analysis, saving the user from manually inputting loads for each load case. Notice that an asterisk indicates that an API 617 allowable was exceeded. 9. After viewing the report results, close the window (File > Exit) to return to the model.
3. The Stresses information window is displayed. AutoPIPE displays a color-coded display of the stress results by stress ratio. We see that calculated stress exceeds the allowable for the Amb to T1 combination by a ratio of 1.41 {1.53} at point A07 (branch side). Note that this occurs in our region of large displacement as shown earlier in our deflected shape.
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2. The graphic shows a color code stress plot based on the selected Ratio or Stress radio button and the selected code combinations.
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4. Double click on the Ratio column to sort the maximum sustained stress ratio which shows 0.42 {.41} at point A14.
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CHAPTER REVIEW
In this chapter we interactively reviewed displacements and output model results. We also defined filter criteria so that we could view specific areas of interest related to the GR+T1 (GT1) load combinations. Finally, we performed a rotating equipment compliance check and interactively reviewed the point stress information. Before continuing, select File/Save to save the changes youve made to the model, then review the following concepts/techniques that were introduced in this chapter: Defining result model options: To establish defaults for viewing results, use the Tools/Model Options/Result command. The Result Model Options dialog allows you to establish preferences, including the ability to automatically include default combinations. Performing a Static Analysis: In this chapter we performed a Static Analysis on the model using the Analyze/Static command. To perform a non-linear analysis, you must enable the Gaps/Friction/Soil option in the Static Analysis dialog. Reviewing Displacements: The Result/Displacement command provides detailed information about the displacements in a model. When this command is selected, the model is re-drawn to show an exaggerated view of areas of displacement. From this display, users can select individual points to display a pop-up window that details specific displacement data at the active point. Applying result filter criteria: In this chapter we defined a displacement filter to highlight the areas in the model which exceeded a user-specified displacement value. This capability is associated with the Result/Filter Criteria/Displacement command. Selecting combinations: AutoPIPE allows the user to select which load cases and combinations will be included in output reports. By default, all load combinations are considered; however, using the Tools/Non-code Combinations/Select command, the users can enable/disable available combinations. Rotating equipment compliance: To produce an equipment compliance report, the user must enable the Generate Report option in the Rotating Equipment dialog. The next step is to run the Result/Output Report command and enable the Equipment option from the Batch Report dialog. An asterisk (*) next to a value in the Equipment section of the report indicates an allowable that was exceeded. Reviewing code stress results: Code Stress results can be reviewed with the Result/Code Stresses command. After the command is executed the model is color-coded and a legend appears in the margin of the model area. Code stress information for specific points is displayed in a separate pop-up window. Result/Grids : Displacements and code stresses can be reviewed, sorted and printed.
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