Vocabulary

Illnesses and Sicknesses

The Heart and blood vessels
Heart: Corazn. the chambered muscular organ that pumps blood received from the veins into the arteries maintaining the flow of blood through the entire circulatory system. Blood Vessel: Vaso Sanguineo. an elastic tubular channel, such as an artery, a vein, or a capillary, through which the blood circulates. Poor Circulation: mala circulacin de la sangre. the movement of blood through bodily vessels as a result of the heart's pumping action. High Blood Pressure: presin alta. a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high. A Stroke: derrame cerebral. a sudden loss of brain function caused by a blockage or rupture of a blood vessel to the brain. Loss of muscular control, diminution or loss of sensation or consciousness, dizziness, slurred speech. Heart Attack: ataque de corazn. sudden interruption or insufficiency of the supply of blood to the heart. Resulting from occlusion or obstruction of a coronary artery. Severe chest pain. Cardiac Arrest: paro cardiaco. sudden cessation of heartbeat and cardiac function. Loss of effective circulation. Heart Failure: paro cardaco. cessation of normal heart function. The inability of the heart to pump blood at an adequate rate. Congestion in the lungs, shortness of breath, edema in the lower extremities, and enlargement of the liver.

The Stomach and Intestines

Stomach: Estmago. the enlarged, saclike portion of the alimentary canal, one of the principal organs of digestion, located between the esophagus and the small intestine. Intestine: Intestino. the portion of the alimentary canal extending from the stomach to the anus, consisting of two segments, the small intestine and the large intestine. Appendicitis: appendicitis. inflammation of the vermiform appendix. 1

Stomach Ulcer: lcera. a lesion of the skin or a mucous membrane such as the one lining the stomach or duodenum. Formation of pus and necrosis of surrounding tissue. Resulting from inflammation or ischemia. A Hernia: hernia. the protrusion of an organ or other bodily structure through the wall that normally contains it; a rupture. Constipation: estreimiento. difficult, incomplete, or infrequent evacuation of dry hardened feces from the bowels. Cholera: clera. an acute infectious disease of the small intestine, caused by a bacterium. Profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, muscle cramps, severe dehydration, and depletion of electrolytes. Enteritis: gastroenteritis. intestines, diarrhoea. inflammation of the intestinal tract, especially of the small intestine.

Infectious Fevers
Infectious Fever: Fiebre Infecciosa. a rise of body temperature above the normal as a natural response (as to infection) or artificially induced for therapeutic reasons. Measles: sarampin. acute, contagious viral disease, usually occurring in childhood and characterized by eruption of red spots on the skin, fever, and catarrhal symptoms. Chickenpox: varicela. acute contagious disease, primarily of children, that is caused a virus. Skin eruptions, slight fever, and malaise. German Measles (Rubella): rubeola. acute specific disease. Dusky red cutaneous eruption resembling that of measles, no catarrhal symptoms. Smallpox: viruela. acute, highly infectious, often fatal disease. Fever, leaves permanent marks on the skins, could cause death. High fever and aches with subsequent widespread eruption of pimples that blister, produce pus, and form pockmarks. Glandular Fever: mononucleosis infecciosa. acute, infectious disease, usually affecting young people. Swelling of the lymph glands.(glndulas linfticas). Fever and swollen lymph nodes; some believe it can be transmitted by kissing. Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat.

Yellow Fever: fiebre amarilla. an infectious tropical disease caused by an virus transmitted by mosquitoes. High fever, jaundice, and often gastrointestinal hemorrhaging. also called Yellow jack. Scarlet Fever: escarlatina. acute contagious disease fever, red marks on the skin. Occurring predominantly among children. Scarlet skin eruption and high fever, also called Scarlatina. Whooping Cough: tos ferina. highly contagious disease of the respiratory system. Cough, difficulty when breathing., usually affecting children. Advanced stage by spasms of coughing interspersed with deep, noisy inspirations. Influenza: gripe (formal). flu. Leprosy: lepra. a chronic, mildly contagious granulomatous disease of tropical and subtropical regions. Ulcers of the skin, bone, and viscera, loss of sensation, paralysis, gangrene, and deformation. Malaria: malaria. an infectious disease. Cycles of chills, fever, and sweating, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of a female mosquito.

The Lungs and Respiratory System

Lung: Pulmn. either of two spongy, saclike respiratory organs occupying the chest cavity together with the heart and functioning to remove carbon dioxide from the blood and provide it with oxygen. Respiratory System: Sistema Respiratorio. the integrated system of organs involved in the intake and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between an organism and the environment Pleurisy: pleuresia. inflammation of the pleura, affects the inner covering of the chest and lungs. Severe pain in the chest., usually occurring as a complication of a disease such as pneumonia. Ffluid in the pleural cavity, chills, fever, and painful breathing and coughing. Diphtheria: difteria. acute infectious disease of the throat, difficulty in breathing. characterized by the production of a systemic toxin and the formation of a false membrane on the lining of the mucous membrane of the throat and other respiratory passages. Difficulty in breathing, high fever, and weakness. Catarrh: 1) catarro. 2) flujo catarral. inflammation of mucous membranes, especially of the nose and throat.

Sinusitis: sinusitis. inflammation of the sinuses or a sinus, especially in the nasal region. Tonsillitis: amigdalitis, anginas. tonsils become swollen/sore. inflammation of the tonsils of varying degrees of severity and involving simple inflammation. Infection (as in strep throat), or formation of an abscess (as quinsy) Laryngitis: laringitis. inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx; characterized by hoarseness or loss of voice and coughing. Asthma: asma. a chronic respiratory disease, often arising from allergies. Sudden recurring attacks of labored breathing, chest constriction, and coughing. Angina (Pectoris): angina (de pecho). a condition, such as severe sore throat. Spasmodic attacks of suffocating pain. Bronchitis: bronquitis. chronic or acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. Tuberculosis TB: tuberculosis. 1) an infectious disease of humans. Formation of tubercles on the lungs and other tissues of the body, often developing long after the initial infection. 2) tuberculosis of the lungs, characterized by the coughing up of mucus and sputum, fever, weight loss, and chest pain. Lung Cancer: cancer de pulmn. one of the commonest forms of cancer. Cancer: any of various malignant neoplasms. Proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites. Pneumonia: neumonia. an acute or chronic disease marked by inflammation of the lungs and caused by viruses, bacteria, or other microorganisms and sometimes by physical and chemical irritants.

The Liver
Liver: Hgado. a large, reddish-brown, glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Cirrhosis of The Liver: cirrosis. a chronic disease of the liver. Replacement of normal tissue with fibrous tissue and the loss of functional liver cells. Alcohol abuse, nutritional deprivation, or infection especially by the hepatitis virus. Hepatitis: hepatitis. inflammation of the liver, caused by infectious or toxic agents. Jaundice, fever, liver enlargement, and abdominal pain.

Cancer of The Liver: cancer: any of various malignant neoplasms characterized by the proliferation of anaplastic cells that tend to invade surrounding tissue and metastasize to new body sites. Liver: a large, reddish-brown, glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity that secretes bile and is active in the formation of certain blood proteins and in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Coronary Thrombosis: trombosis coronaria. obstruction of a coronary artery by a thrombus, often leading to destruction of heart muscle. Jaundice: ictericia. yellow skin/eyes. yellowish discoloration of the whites of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes caused by deposition of bile salts in these tissues. It occurs as a symptom of various diseases, such as hepatitis, that affect the processing of bile.

The Blood
Blood: Sangre. the fluid consisting of plasma, blood cells, and platelets that is circulated by the heart through the vertebrate vascular system, carrying oxygen and nutrients to and waste materials away from all body tissues. Anaemia: too few red cells, you look pale and weak. a deficiency in the oxygencarrying component of the blood, measured in unit volume concentrations of hemoglobin, red blood cell volume, or red blood cell number. Leukaemia: leucemia. too many white cells. an acute or chronic disease of unknown that involves the blood-forming organs. Abnormal increase in the number of white blood cells in the tissues of the body with or without a corresponding increase of those in the circulating blood. A Hemorrhage: hemorragia. loss of bood. excessive discharge of blood from the blood vessels; profuse bleeding. A Blood Cut: lined formed when blood dries/thicker.

Food Poisoning
Food Poisoning: Intoxicacin Alimentaria. an acute, often severe gastrointestinal disorder, caused by eating food contaminated with bacteria, especially bacteria of the genus Salmonella, or the toxins they produce.Vomiting and diarrhea. Typhoid: fever, red spots on the chest. A disease characterized by fever, lasting usually three or more weeks, diarrhea with evacuations resembling pea soup in

appearance, and prostration and muscular debility. A scanty eruption of spots, resembling flee bites, on the belly, enlargement of the spleen, and ulceration of the intestines. Dysentery: infection of the bowels (intestino), loss of blood, diarrhea. Diarrhoea and Vomiting: diarrea y vmitos. Salmonella: bacteria in infected food. Any of various rod-shaped bacteria of the genus Salmonella, many of which are pathogenic, causing food poisoning, typhoid, and paratyphoid fever.

The Joints
Joints: Articulacin. a point of articulation between two or more bones, especially such a connection that allows motion. Rheumatism: reumatismo. any of several pathological conditions of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, or nerves. Discomfort and disability. Arthritis: artritis. inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness, and resulting from infection, trauma, degenerative changes, metabolic disturbances, or other causes. Fibrositis: inflammatory hyperplasia of white fibrous connective tissue, especially surrounding the muscles and causing pain and stiffness.

The Nervous System

Nervous System: Sistema Nervioso. the system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. Epilepsy: any of various neurological disorders. Sudden recurring attacks of motor, sensory, or psychic malfunction with or without loss of consciousness or convulsive seizures. Parkinsons Disease: a chronic progressive nervous disease chiefly of later life. Decreased dopamine production in the substantia nigra and is marked by tremor and weakness of resting muscles and by a shuffling gait. Multiple Sclerosis: esclerosis mltiple. a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which gradual destruction of myelin occurs in patches throughout the brain or spinal cord or both, interfering with the nerve pathways. Muscular weakness, loss of coordination, and speech and visual disturbances.

Muscular Dystrophy: distrofia muscular. any of a group of progressive muscle disorders caused by a defect in one or more genes that control muscle function. Gradual irreversible wasting of skeletal muscle. Polio: polio (mielitis). an acute viral disease marked by inflammation of nerve cells of the brain stem and spinal cord. Neurosis: neurosis. any of various mental or emotional disorders, such as hypochondria or neurasthenia. Symptoms such as insecurity, anxiety, depression, and irrational fears.

Mental Disorders
Mental Disorder: Trasorno Mental. a mental or bodily condition. Sufficient disorganization of personality, mind, and emotions to seriously impair the normal psychological functioning of the individual called also Mental illness. Schizophrenia: psychotic disorder. Withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, emotional, behavioral, or intellectual disturbances. Is associated with dopamine imbalances in the brain and defects of the frontal lobe. Caused by genetic, other biological, and psychosocial factors. Manic Depression: depresin. a mental disorder. Episodes of mania and depression. Paranoia: a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution with or without grandeur, often strenuously defended with apparent logic and reason.

Others
Migraine: dolor de cabeza, migraa. a bad headache, a severe recurring headache, usually affecting only one side of the head. Sharp pain and often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances. Mumps: paperas. it affects your neck, painful swellings in the neck. an acute, inflammatory, contagious disease. Swelling of the salivary glands, the parotids, and sometimes of the pancreas, ovaries, or testes. This disease, mainly affecting children, can be prevented by vaccination. Gallstones: calculo biliar. it affects your bladder, hard mass in the bladder. A small, hard, pathological concretion, composed chiefly of cholesterol, calcium salts, and bile pigments, formed in the gallbladder or in a bile duct. Swellings: hinchazn.

Whos who in Medicine

Casualty: victima. is a person injured or killed in an accident, a fire or war. A Chiropodist: podlogo. is a person trained to treat and care for peoples feet. A Chiropractor: quiroprctico, -a.is a person who treats diseases by feeling and pressing the bones, the back and neck. A Consultant: especialista. is a high-ranking and very experienced hospital doctor who gives specialist advice in one particular area of medicine. A District Nurse: enfermero. a nurse, employed by the local authority, who visits and treats people in their own homes. A General Practitioner: mdico de cabecera. a doctor trained in general medicine who treats people in a certain local area for all kinds of illnesses. he or she is usually the first doctor people go to when they are ill. A Home Help: asistente, -a (para tareas domesticas). a person who is employed by the medical and social services to help people who are old or ill with their cleaning, cooking, shopping, etc. A Matron: enfermera jefe. the woman in charge of the nurses in a hospital. Nowadays she is officially called a Senior Nursing Officer. A Midwife: comadrona, partero. a person, usually a woman, trained to advise pregnant women and to help them when they are giving birth. A Nurse: enfermera/o. a person who looks after patients in hospital. An Optician: ptico, -a. a person who tests peoples eyesight and provides glasses and contact lenses. An Osteopath: is a person who treats illness and physical problems by moving and pressing muscles and bones. An out-patient: paciente externo, -a. is a person who visits a hospital regularly for treatment while still living at home. A Pathologist: patlogo, -a. a doctor who examines a dead body to find out how the person died. A Paediatrician: pediatra. a doctor who specializes in treating sick children. A Pharmacist: farmacutico, -a. a person who is qualified to prepare and sell medicines.

A Physiotherapist: fisioterapeuta. a person who is trained to treat patients by giving them exercise or massage, often to help them walk again after an accident or operation. A Psychiatrist: psiquiatra. a doctor who treats people suffering from mental illness. A Specialist: especialista. a doctor who specializes in one area of medical treatment, e.g. an eye. A Surgeon: cirujano, -a. a doctor whose job is to perform operations.

Common diseases, illnesses and conditions 1 / 2

Common diseases, illnesses and conditions 1
An Allergy: alergia. being very sensitive to things such as food, animals, medicine, dust, etc.., which often results in rashes or difficulty in breathing. A Chill: resfriarse. to catch/get a chill. a mild illness which can give you a slight fever, a headache and your body might shake. Concussion: conmocin cerebral. an injury to the brain caused by a blow to your head. it is not normally long-lasting. Indigestion: dolor de estmago. a pain that you get in your stomach when you find it difficult to digest your food. Insomnia: insomnio. the condition of being constantly unable to sleep. Nausea: nausea, ganas de vomitar. the feeling of wanting to be sick, the feeling that you think youre going to vomit. A Nervous Breakdown: depresin nerviosa. a illness where you suffer from deep depression, worry and tiredness, you often cry uncontrollably and find it almost impossible to do your normal work or activities.

Common diseases, illnesses and conditions 2

Amnesia: amnesia. the medical condition of not being able to remember anything. Damage to the brain after an accident, disease, etc.. Anorexia: anorexia. a serious illness common mostly in young women, they lose the desire to eat because they feel they are unattractive because they are too fat, even when they are not. A Cold: resfrio. a mild, very common illness which makes you sneeze a lot and gives you a sore throat or a cough. A Coma: coma. a deep unnatural sleep-like state. Illness or an injury especially to the brain. Cramp: calambre. a strong pain caused by the sudden tightening of a muscle. you often get it during or after violent exercise. Diabetes: diabetes. an illness of the brain which causes you to suddenly lose consciousness or to have fits. Dyslexia: dislexia. a problem with reading caused by difficulty in seeing the difference between the shapes of letters. it is also known as Word blindness. An Inflammation: inflamacin. a painfull swelling and soreness of part of the body, which is often red and hot to the touch. Malnutrition: desnutricin. poor health caused by not eating enough food or by not eating enough of the right kinds of food. A Miscarriage: aborto ( natural, espontneo). loosing a baby because it is born too early for it to live. It is usually because of illness, shock, etc...

Useful verbs to do with Health 1/ 2

Useful verbs to do with Heath 1
Amputate: amputar. a leg. Convalesce: convalecer. after an illness. Cure: cura, curacin. the disease. Cut: cortarse. yourself with a knife. Deaden: aliviar. the pain.

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Deliver: asistir a un parto. a baby. Dislocate: dislocarse. your shoulder. Dress: curar. a wound. Inject: inyectar. penicillin into the bloodstream. Inoculate: vacunar a alguien (con algo) (contra algo). against diseases. Nick: corte pequeo. yourself shaving. Nurse: cuidar. someone back to health. Prescribe: recetar (algo) (para algo). some medicine. Pull: desgarrarse. a muscle. Sprain/Twist: torcer(se). your ankle. Transplant: transplante. a heart or a kidney. Ward: sala de hospital. 1) a room in a hospital usually holding six or more patients. 2) a division in a hospital for the care of a particular group of patients. a maternity ward.

Useful verbs to do with Heath 2

Ache: doler. Blister: levantar ampollas en. Bruise: hacerse un moretn. he bruises easily: le salen moretones enseguida. Choke: ahogar, estrangular. with a chicken bone. Contaminate: contaminar. the food. Diagnose: diagnosticar. an illness. Disfigure: desfigurar. your face. Disinfect: desinfectar. a cut.

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Faint: desmayarse. a person. Fracture: fracturar(se). your leg. Have a Relapse: recaer, recaida. you could die. Heal: cicatrizar, curar(se). a wound. Lose Consciousness: perder el conocimiento. a person. Maim: mutilar, quedar lisiado. he was maimed for life. Recuperate: recuperarse, reponerse, restablecerse. from an illness. Sterilize: esterilizar. to kill any bacteria. Suffer From: padecer, sufrir (de algo). for instance: hay fever. Suffocate: vt, vi asfixiar(se), ahogarse. because a place is completely closed. Swell Up: hinchar algo/hincharse. your foot when a mosquito bites you. Treat: tratamiento, tratar una enfermedad. for instance: rheumatism. Vaccinate: vacunar a alguin (contra algo). a children against measles. X-Ray: radiografiar, hacer una radiografia a. a leg.

Useful words to do with Health

Alternative Medicine: medicina alternativa. acupunture, herbal medicine, osteopathy and homeopathy. Antidote: antdoto (contra algo). for instance when you are bitten by a snake. Blood Transfusion: transfusin de sangre. when you lose to much blood. Check-Up: chequeo (mdico). you go to the doctor. Contagious: contagioso. a disease. Dose: dosis. to take a dose of a cough misture. Epidemic: epidemia. a flu sweeps through the country. 12

Feverish: febril. to feel feverish. Germs: germen, microbio. a disinfectant kills all household germs. Infectious: infeccioso, contagioso. a disease. Intensive Care Unit: estar bajo cuidados intensivos. in a hospital. Invalid: invlido. to have an accident and spend the rest of your life invalid. Operating Theatre: quirfano. where surgeons work. Paralysis: paralysis. a temporary paralysis caused by a disease in your leg or arm. Plastic Surgery: ciruga plstica. your face was disfigured so needed plastic surgery. Post-Mortem: autopsia. sth. doctors do to know how the person died. Quarantine: cuarentena. to spend a time in quarantine to make sure you dont suffer from any diseases. Side-Effects: efecto secundario, contraidicaciones. the side-effects of a drug makes your hair fall out. Sufferer: persona que padece algo. asthma sufferers los asmticos.

Death
Assassin: asesino, -a. a person who murders someone important. Cremate: cremar. to burn the body of a dead person at a funeral ceremony. Malnutrition: desnutricin. poor condition of health resulting from lack of good food. Martyr: mrtir. someone put to death for their beliefs. Requiem: rquiem. a piece of music written for a dead person. Suffocate: asfixiar (se), ahogarse. to be unable to breath air, dying or killing in this way. Tomb: tumba. a large decorative grave with a space inside.

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To Strangle: estrangular, ahogar. to kill by pressing on the throat hands.

with the

Will: testamento. a statement of how you want your things to be shared after your death. Wreaths: corona (funeraria). an arrangement of flowers such as those given at a funeral.

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Index
VOCABULARY.................................................................................................................1 ILLNESSES AND SICKNESSES............................................................................................1 The Heart and blood vessels........................................................................................1 The Stomach and Intestines.........................................................................................1 Infectious Fevers.........................................................................................................2 The Lungs and Respiratory System.............................................................................3 The Liver......................................................................................................................4 The Blood.....................................................................................................................5 Food Poisoning...........................................................................................................5 The Joints.....................................................................................................................6 The Nervous System.....................................................................................................6 Mental Disorders.........................................................................................................7 Others..........................................................................................................................7 WHOS WHO IN MEDICINE................................................................................................8 COMMON DISEASES, ILLNESSES AND CONDITIONS 1 / 2...................................................9 Common diseases, illnesses and conditions 1.............................................................9 Common diseases, illnesses and conditions 2.............................................................9 USEFUL VERBS TO DO WITH HEALTH 1/ 2......................................................................10 Useful verbs to do with Heath 1................................................................................10 Useful verbs to do with Heath 2................................................................................11 USEFUL WORDS TO DO WITH HEALTH............................................................................12 DEATH............................................................................................................................13

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