f f f +

f
ACPRBW
:
Lower Band Edge for ACPR Measurement
_______________________________________
Initial Calculations
ACPR Requirements ACPR
30_30spec
45dBC :
Synthesis Inputs
3rd Order Intercept Point
IP
3
50dBm :
Analysis Inputs
Bandwidth for ACPR Measurement f
ACPRBW
30kHz :
Offset of Center Frequency for ACPR Measure f
off
885kHz :
Output Center Frequency f
0
0MHz :
Bandwidth of Transmitted Signal BW 1.228MHz :
5th Order Intercept Point IP
5
45dBm :
Output Power P
out
28dBm :
_______________________________________
Inputs
_______________________________________
Table of Contents
I. Inputs
II. Initial Calculations
III. Power Density Calculations
IV. ACPR Calculations
V. IP3 Estimation
VI. Example
VII. Measurement Procedure
VIII. ACPR Specifications
IX. Comparison to Measured Results
X. References
XI. Copyright Notice
Constants
Units
useful functions and identities
ACPR Calculations
for Power Amplifiers
1
Lower Band Edge for ACPR Measurement
f
1
f
0
f
off
+
ACPRBW
2
:
Upper Band Edge for ACPR Measurement
f
2
f
0
f
off
+
f
ACPRBW
2
+ :
P
0
10
P
out
10
: P
0
630.957
mW
mW
Output Power
B
BW
2
: Half Bandwidth
_______________________________________
Power Density Calculations
Power Density due to both 3rd and 5th Order Distortion
P IP
3
IP
5
, P
out
, B , f
0
, f , ( ) P
0
10
P
out
10

1
2 B
P
0
6 P
0
2
10
IP
3

10
30 P
0
3
10
IP
5

5

9 P
0
3
10
IP
3

5
90 P
0
4
10
IP
3

10
IP
5
5

+ +
...
225 P
0
5
10
2
IP
5
5

+
...

1
8 B
3

6 P
0
3
10
IP
3

5
120 P
0
4
10
IP
3

10
IP
5
5

+ 150 P
0
5
10
2
IP
5
5

,
3 B
2
f f
0
( )
2

1
]
+
...
10
32
P
0
5
B
5
10
2
IP
5
5

3 5 B
2
f f
0
( )
2

1
]
2
40 B
4
+

1
1
]
+
...

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]

6 P
0
3
10
IP
3

5
120 P
0
4
10
IP
3

10
IP
5
5

+ 150 P
0
5
10
2
IP
5
5

,
1
16B
3
3 B f f
0
( )

1
]
2

10
16
P
0
5
B
5
10
2
IP
5
5

2 B 4 B f f
0
( )

1
]
3
2 B
3
4 B f f
0
( ) + 3 B f f
0
( )
4

1
]
+
...

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
+
5
32
P
0
5
B
5
10
2
IP
5
5

5 B f f
0
( )
4

1
1
1
1
]
5 B f f
0
( ) f f
0
3 B ( ) +
:
Power Density due to 3rd Order Distortion Alone
If the output power is 5 to 10dB lower than it's 1dB compression point, the following equation may be used.
P
3rd
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
0
, f , ( ) P
0
10
P
out
10
:
2
3rd 3 out 0
( )
0
1
2 B
P
0
6 P
0
2
10
IP
3

10
9 P
0
2
10
IP
3

5
+

3
4
P
0
3
10
IP
3

1
B
3
3 B
2
f f
0
( )
2

1
]
+

1
1
1
1
]
B f (
3
8
P
0
3
10
IP
3

1
B
3
3 B f f
0
( )
2
3B f f
0
( ) f f
0
B ( ) +
_______________________________________
ACPR Calculations
There are two ways of measuring ACPR. The first way is by finding 10*log of the ratio of the total output
power to the power in adjacent channel. This is call ACPR
1250_30
below. The second (and much more popular
method) is to find the ratio of the output power in a smaller bandwidth around the center of carrier to the power in the
adjacent channel. The smaller bandwidth is equal to the bandwidth of the adjacent channel signal. This is called
ACPR
30_30
below. ACPR
30_30
is more popular, because it can be measured easily as indicated in the measurement
procedure section.
ACPR Due to both 3rd and 5th Order Distortion
P
IM35
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 10 log
f
0
f
off
+
f
ACPRBW
2

f
0
f
off
+
f
ACPRBW
2
+
f P IP
3
IP
5
, P
out
, B , f
0
, f , ( )

(
(
(

,
:
P
IM35
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 25.622 dBm
ACPR
1250_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) P
out
P
IM35
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) :
ACPR
1250_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 53.622
ACPR
30_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) P
out
10 log
BW
f
ACPRBW

,
P
IM35
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) :
ACPR
30_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 37.501
ACPR Due to 3rd Order Distortion Alone
P
IM3
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 10 log
1
8
10
3 P
out
2 IP
3

10

1
B
3
3 B f
off
f
ACPRBW
2

,
3
3 B f
off
f
ACPRBW
2
+

:
P
IM3
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 29.515 dBm
( ) ( )
3
4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4
150
100
50
0
50
10 log P IP
3
IP
5
, P
out
, B , f
0
, f
i
, ( ) MHz ( )
10 log P
3rd
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
0
, f
i
, ( ) MHz ( )
f
i
f
0

MHz
10 log P IP
3
IP
5
, P
out
, B , f
0
, f
0
, ( ) BW ( ) 27.783dBm
f
i
f
0
N
bw
B
i 1
num 1
2 N
bw
B + :
Number of Bandwidths for Plotting N
bw
5 :
Index Vector for Plotting i 1 num .. :
Number of Points for Plotting num 500 :
_______________________________________
Example
IP
3find
ACPR
30_30spec
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 48.678dBm
IP
3find
ACPR
30_30
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 5 log
10
ACPR
30_30
4 P
out

10 B
4
f
ACPRBW

3 B f
off
f
ACPRBW
2

,
3
3 B f
off
f
ACPRBW
2
+

,
3

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
]
23.975 + :
_______________________________________
IP
3
Estimation
ACPR
30_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 41.394
ACPR
30_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) P
out
10 log
BW
f
ACPRBW

,
P
IM3
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) :
ACPR
1250_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) 57.515
ACPR
1250_30
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) P
out
P
IM3
IP
3
P
out
, B , f
ACPRBW
, f
off
, ( ) :
4
f
off
885kHz : Worst Case=900kHz-30kHz/2
ACPR
30_30spec
54dBC :
f
off
1980kHz : Best Case=1980kHz-30kHz/2
Peak_ave 3dB :
V
ddmin
3.5V : V
ddmax
4.8V : Supply Voltage
PAE
min
35% : Minimum Power Added Efficiency at Maximum Power
PAE
min
20% : PAE with Power 15-20dB Below Maximum Power (Use to spec Iq)
DR 80dB : Dynamic Range (Gain must also be linear over this range)
VSWR
max
10
1
: Must be stable into a 10:1 VSWR for all phases
Noise : Noise floor in receive band must be below
Cost : Competitive Cost must be below
IS-54/IS-136 Handset Specifications
P
out
10 log
1mW

,
: P
out
dBm P
out
f
0min
824MHz : f
0max
849MHz :
BW 24kHz :
f 24kHz :
MHz
_______________________________________
Measurement Procedure
Quick Method: Set Resolution measurement bandwidth to 30kHz. Put one marker at center of transmit band
and another marker at 885kHz offset. The delta is the 30kHz-30kHz ACPR measurement. Add
10*log(1.25MHz/30kHz) for the 1.25MHz-30kHz ACPR measurement.
_______________________________________
ACPR Specifications
IS-95 CDMA Base Station Specifications
P
out
10 log
18W
1mW

,
: P
out
42.553dBm
f
0min
864MHz :
f
0max
894MHz :
BW 19.2kHz 64 :
BW 1.229MHz
f
ACPRBW
30kHz :
ACPR
30_30spec
45dBC :
f
off
765kHz : Worst Case=750kHz+30kHz/2
f
off
1975kHz : Best Case=1980kHz-30kHz/2
Peak_ave 10dB :
IS-95 CDMA Handset Specifications
P
outmin
27dBm :
P
outmax
30dBm : Linear Power at Load
f
0min
824MHz :
f
0max
849MHz :
BW 19.2kHz 64 : BW 1.229MHz
f
ACPRBW
30kHz :
ACPR
30_30spec
42dBC :
5
All software and other materials included in this document are protected by copyright, and are owned or
controlled by Circuit Sage.
The routines are protected by copyright as a collective work and/or compilation, pursuant to federal copyright
laws, international conventions, and other copyright laws. Any reproduction, modification, publication, transmission,
transfer, sale, distribution, performance, display or exploitation of any of the routines, whether in whole or in part,
without the express written permission of Circuit Sage is prohibited.
_______________________________________
Copyright Information
_______________________________________
References
"Linear and Rf Power Amplifier Design for CDMA Signals: A Spectrum Analysis Approach," by Qiang Wu, Heng
Xiao and Fu Li, Microwave Journal, December 1998, pp. 22-40
"Power Amplifier Spectral Regrowth for Digital Cellular and PCS Applications," Kennedy et al., Microwave
Journal, October 1995.
Presentation by Dr. Steven Brozovich at Fujitsu Compound Semiconductor, Inc. (408) 232-9570.
See the paper below. This routine matches the routine in the paper identically, which matches measured results
very well (within about 1dB).
_______________________________________
Comparison to Measured Results
Peak_ave :
ACPR
30_30spec
62dBC :
Best Case f
off
100kHz :
ACPR
30_30spec
47dBC :
Worst Case f
off
50kHz :
f
ACPRBW
21kHz :
BW 21kHz :
f
0max
956MHz : f
0min
940MHz :
P
out
dBm P
out
P
out
10 log
1mW

,
:
PDC Handset Specifications
Peak_ave :
ACPR
30_30spec
48dBC :
Best Case f
off
60kHz :
ACPR
30_30spec
30dBC :
Worst Case f
off
30kHz :
f
ACPRBW
24kHz :
6