Rounabouts PDF

Version 1.
0 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED i

RTA Austroads Guide
Supplements
Publication Number: RTA/Pub. 11.095
Publication date: 3 March 2011
Supersedes : Nil

RTASupplement
to
AUSTROADSGUIDETOROADDESIGN
PART4B(2009):ROUNDABOUTS

General
AustroadshasreleasedtheGuidetoRoadDesignPart5:DrainageDesignandall
roadagenciesacrossAustralasiahaveagreedtoadopttheAustroadsguidesto
providealevelofconsistencyandharmonisationacrossalljurisdictions.This
agreementmeansthatthenewAustroadsguidesandtheAustralianStandards,
whicharereferencedinthem,willbecometheprimarytechnicalreferencesfor
usewithintheAuthority.
Thissupplementisissuedtoclarify,addto,ormodifytheAustroadsGuideto
RoadDesignPart4B:Roundabouts.

TheRTANSWacceptstheprinciplesintheAustroadsGuidetoRoadDesignPart
B:Roundaboutswithvariationsdocumentedinthissupplement.These
ar
4
v
iationsfallintotwocategories:
- RTAComplementaryMaterial:RTADesignReferenceDocumentsreference
materialthatcomplementstheAustroadsGuides.Thesedocumentsinclude
RTAManuals,TechnicalDirectionsand/orotherreferencematerialandare
tobereadinconjunctionwiththeAustroadsGuides.
- RTADepartures:RTAroaddesignpracticesthatdepartfromtheAustroads
Guides.

eealsotheRTASupplementsfortheotherpartstotheAustroadsGuidetoRoad S
DesignSeriesandtheRTASupplementstotheotherAustroadsSeries.
AllReferenceDocumentsmentionedinthispartshouldbecheckedagainstthe
RTADesignReferenceDocuments.
RTA Supplement to Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 4B Roundabouts
_____________________________________________________________________________________________

_

Version 1.0 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED ii
DocumentInformation
Title: RTASupplementtoAustroadsGuidetoRoad
DesignPart4B(2009)Roundabouts
Branch/Section RoadDesignEngineering/TechnologyStandards
(Road)
Author: TechnologyStandards(Road)
Contributors: TechnologyStandards(Road
Endorsedby:
PrincipalRoadDesignEngineer,PatKenny
Approvedby: RTAAustroadsCommittee
Dateofapprovaland
Effect:
3March2011
Audience: Public
NextReviewDate:
17/3/2012
PublicationNumber: RTA/Pub.11.095
Keywords: Supplement,Austroads,Part4B,Roundabouts
DocumentHistory
Version Date ReasonforAmendment PageNo. Editor

1.0 17/3/2011 Published All Technology
Standards
(Road)

For enquiries and further issues to be added to this supplement email

Austroads Supplements
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Version 1.0 UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED iii

Reference
ection S
RTAEnhancedPracticeorComplementaryMaterial Date
eneral
RTApracticeforActs
TA
,RegulationsandRules.
R role/purpose:
- TransportAdministrationAct1988
Roa uthorityPowers: dClassification/RoadA

- RoadsAct1993
- RoadsRegulation2008
RoadRules/enforcementpowers:
- RoadRules2008
- RoadTransport(General)Regulation2005
RTAcomplementarymaterial:DesignReferenceDocuments
R
S
eference
ection
RTADepartures
Date
DeletecontentsofGuidetoRoadDesignPart4B:Roundabouts
andinsertthecontentsofAnnexure1below:

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Annexure1
RTA Supplement Guide to (Austroads)
______________________________________________________________________________________________

UNCONTROLLED WHEN PRINTED 2 (35 pages)
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Prepared by:
Traffic Technology Branch
Sharing the knowledge

VERSION: 1.1
ISSUED: J anuary 1997

APPROVED BY:

Geoff Amos
General Manager
Traffic Management

AUTHORISED
FOR USE BY:

C Ford
Director
Road Safety and Traffic Management

1995 Roads and Traffic Authority NSW (RTA)
Extracts fromthis manual may be reproduced providing
the subject is kept in context and the source is acknowledged.
Every effort has been made to supply complete and accurate
information. However RTA, NSW assumes no responsibility for its use.
All trade name references herein are either trademarks or
registered trademarks of their respective companies.
For further information regarding this manual please contact:
Traffic Technology Branch
Phone: (02) 9662 5166
Fax: (02) 9662 5169

Printed/published/manufactured in Australia.
Printed on recycled paper.
ISBN 0 7310 8202 8
Traffic Technology No. TTT033

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Acknowledgments
This manual was developed by RTA Traffic Technology with
the valuable assistance and support from design offices at RTA
Newcastle and Wollongong, and Shoalhaven Council.

In particular the following individuals deserve special
recognition for their contributions and support:

Bob Mudford - RTA Traffic Technology,
who conceived and developed the design concepts embodied
in the manual;

Norm Burke RTA Wollongong Zone,
Steven Elliott ex. RTA Traffic Technology,
J ohn Robinson Shoalhaven Council.
who trialled and proved the concepts and provided
constructive support.

J ohn Bliss
General Manager
Traffic Technology

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................ 6
Step 1 Select radius and position of inscribed circle ........................................... 8
Radius selection....................................................................................................... 8
Position selection..................................................................................................... 9
Step 2 Determine radius of layout circle ............................................................ 10
Inscribed circle radius (R
1
).................................................................................... 10
Splitter island entry radius (R
3
)............................................................................. 10
Layout circle radius (R
2
) ...................................................................................... 10
To find R
2
for intermediate values of R
1
using Table 3........................................ 11
Calculating R
2
values using formula..................................................................... 13
Step 3 Draw splitter island entry arc.................................................................. 15
Step 4 Draw entry kerb line arc .......................................................................... 17
Step 5 Draw splitter island exit arc..................................................................... 19
Step 6 Draw exit kerb line arc............................................................................. 21
Exit width (W
2
)...................................................................................................... 21
Step 7 Draw central island................................................................................... 23
Circulation carriageway width (W
3
)...................................................................... 23
Check deflection.................................................................................................... 24
Deflection satisfactory........................................................................................... 24
Deflection inadequate............................................................................................ 24
Deflection satisfactory........................................................................................... 25
Deflection still inadequate..................................................................................... 25
Step 8 Complete design layout............................................................................. 27
Draw splitter islands.............................................................................................. 27
Kerb returns........................................................................................................... 27
Approach and departure kerb lines........................................................................ 27
Kerb line opposite stem of Tjunction.................................................................. 28
Adjusting entry/exit widths................................................................................... 28
Kerbed blisters....................................................................................................... 29

Figures
Figure 1 Roundabout components......................................................................... 24
Figure 2 Diagram showing 8 geometric design steps............................................ 25
Tables
Table 1 Minimum inscribed circle radii (R
1
) .......................................................... 3
Table 2 Splitter island entry radii (R
3
) limits.......................................................... 5
Table 3 Layout circle radii (R
2
)............................................................................... 6
Table 4 One lane entry widths (W
1
) for raised splitter islands.............................. 11
Table 5 Minimum exit widths (W
2
) for raised splitter islands.............................. 15
Table 6 Circulation carriageway width (W
3
) for 1 lane entry............................... 17

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Introduction

This drafting guide describes the geometric method for drawing a
roundabout, and is suitable for both manual and CAD drafting
methods. Sequentially follow the 8 steps described in this guide to
draw a roundabout layout.

Geometric outline details only are contained in this guide. Refer
to a relevant design guide to fulfil all design requirements. Width
and radii values in this guide allow for AUSTROADS design
vehicles as listed under Table 1. Similar values if given in other
design guides may not cater for these longer design vehicles.

The drafting procedure is primarily based on a selected design
vehicle equal to or longer than 12.5m using a roundabout as
follows:

Circulating on its own. - One lane entries
Circulating simultaneously with a car on its
left.
- Two lane entries
Circulating simultaneously with two cars
side by side on its left.
- Three lane
entries
Entering from the lane adjacent to the splitter
island.
- Right turns
Using up to two entry lanes adjacent to the
kerb line.
- Left turns

Figure 1 shows roundabout components diagrammatically.

Figure 2 shows the 8 steps diagrammatically.

The information in this publication has been extensively reviewed
and is believed to be correct at the time of publication. Errors or
omissions, if detected, should be promptly reported to the General
Manager, Traffic Technology.

Technical inquiries: (02) 9662 5754
Fax (02) 9662 5169

______________________________________________________________________________________________

This page intentionally left blank

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 1 Select radius and position of inscribed circle
Radius selection

See Table 1. Select an inscribed circle radius ( R
1
) to suit the
design vehicle.

In this case the design vehicle is longest AUSTROADS design
vehicle to turn right. A 12.5m single unit vehicle is the shortest
design vehicle which should be selected.

Absolute Min. (m) Desirable Min. (m)
Number of
entry
lanes
SU/LB
Semi
BD

RT
SU/LB
Semi
BD

RT
1 13.0 15.5 16.0 21.0
2 17.0 19.5 20.0 25.0
3 21.0 23.5 24.0 29.0
Table 1 Minimum inscribed circle radii (R
1
)

where the design vehicle:
SU = single unit truck/bus, 12.5m long
LB = single unit long bus, 14.5m long
Semi = articulated vehicle, 19.0m long
BD = Bdouble, 25.0m long
RT = Roadtrain, 36.0m long

If an inscribed circle radius less than the absolute minimum is
used for a design vehicle, it cannot satisfactorily circulate to turn
right when it enters from the lane adjacent to the splitter island. In
this case the central island, and possibly the splitter islands, will
need to be trafficable for right turn movements.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Position selection

It is not necessary to position the centre of the roundabout at the
intersection of road centre lines. Select the position of the inscribed
circle to suit site conditions.

a) CAD method
A range of inscribed circles can be drawn to scale and moved
around on screen until a suitable size and position is selected.
Make allowance for kerb lines being offset from the inscribed
circle between adjacent entries and exits. Existing constraints
such as utilities, drainage, and footway widths can influence the
design.

b) Manual method
Draw a range of inscribed circles to scale on transparent film.
Overlay and move the film around on the base plan until a
suitable size and position is selected. Allow for positions of kerb
lines between adjacent entries and exits, see (a) above.

DRAW SELECTED INSCRIBED CIRCLE

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Determine radius of layout circle

The layout circle radius (R
2
) depends upon the inscribed circle
radius (R
1
) and the splitter island entry arc radius (R
3
). This circle is
essential for correct entry/exit geometry.
Inscribed circle radius (R
1
)

Use the inscribed circle radius selected in Step 1.
Splitter island entry radius (R
3
)

See Table 2. As a guide select a radius which will provide at
least 1015 m of entry arc in approach to the inscribed circle.
For approach speeds of 80km/h or more, select a radius which will
also conform with design criteria shown in Figure 4.5
AUSTROADS Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice, Part 6,
Roundabouts (1993).

Entry radius (m)
Number
of
Minimum Maximu
m
entry
lanes
SU/LB Semi BD RT
1 13.0 *20.0 *30.0 *40.0
2 13.0 13.0 17.0 24.0 100.0
3 17.0 17.0 21.0 28.0
Table 2 Splitter island entry radii (R
3
) limits

* larger minimum radii narrow entries, and discourage multilane
queuing by cars
Maximum limits entry design speed to 50km/h.
Layout circle radius (R
2
)

Using the selected splitter island and inscribed circle radii determine
the layout circle radius from Table 3, or calculate it as shown in this
section.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Number of
entry lanes and
R
1
(m)

Splitter island entry (R
3
) and exit (R
5
) radii (m)
1 2 3 13 17 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
13 17 21 10.05 9.97 9.92 9.82 9.75 9.71 9.68 9.66 9.64 9.63 9.61
15.5 19.5 23.5 12.50 12.43 12.39 12.30 12.24 12.20 12.17 12.15 12.14 12.12 12.11
16 20 24 12.50 12.43 12.39 12.30 12.24 12.20 12.17 12.15 12.14 12.12 12.11
20 24 28 16.43 16.38 16.35 16.27 16.22 16.19 16.16 16.15 16.13 16.12 16.11
21 25 29 17.41 17.37 17.34 17.27 17.22 17.22 17.16 17.14 17.13 17.12 17.11
24.0 27.5 31.5 20.38 20.34 20.11 20.09 20.07 20.06 20.06 20.05 20.04 20.04 20.04
25 29 33 21.37 21.33 21.11 21.09 21.07 21.06 21.06 21.05 21.04 21.04 21.03
30 34 38 26.32 26.29 26.10 26.08 26.07 26.06 26.05 26.05 26.04 26.04 26.03
40 44 48 36.25 36.24 36.08 36.07 36.06 36.05 36.05 36.04 36.04 36.04 36.03
50 54 58 46.21 46.20 46.07 46.06 46.05 46.05 46.04 46.04 46.04 46.03 46.03
Table 3 Layout circle radii (R
2
)

Do not use for 3 lane entries; RTs as design vehicle; or 2 lane entries
where SU/LB, Semi, or BD must turn left from kerbside lane

Do not use for 2 lane entries where RTs; or 3 lane entries where SU/LB,
Semi, or BD; must turn left from kerbside lane

Do not use for 3 lane entries where RTs must turn left from
kerbside lane

To find R
2
for intermediate values of R
1
using Table 3

Examples:

R
1
> Table 3 value. Find R
2
for a 2 lane entry where R
1
=30 and
R
3
=20.

Nearest Table 3 R
1
value to 30 =29, where R
2
=21.11 for R
3
=20

Difference between R
1
values =1 (30 29)

Add difference to the R
2
value obtained from Table 3,

i.e. 21.11 + 1 = 22.11

1
=30 and R
3
=20, R
2
= 22.11

R
1
< Table 3 value. Find R
2
1
=32 and
R
3
=20.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Nearest Table 3 R
1
value to 32 =34, where R
2
=26.10 for R
3
=20

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Difference between R
1
values =2 (34 32)

Subtract difference from the R
2
value obtained from Table 3,

i.e. 26.10 2 = 24.10

1
=32 and R
3
=20, R
2
= 24.10
Calculating R
2
values using formula

Use the following formula to calculate any R
2
value.
2
R
=
( )
1 3
2
2
3
R X R T
+ +
R

where R
1
= inscribed circle radius

For one lane entry/exit
X = 3.5m when R
1
<16m
4.0m when R
1
> 16m

For two lane entry/exit
X = 7.5m when R
1
<20m
8.0m when R
1
> 20m

Three lane entry/exit
X = 11.5m when R
1
<24m
12.0m when R
1
> 24m
R
2
= layout circle radius
R
3
= splitter island entry radius
T = 5.0m when either R
1
X or R
3
<20.0m
3.0m when both R
1
X and R
3
> 20.0m

X is an offset from the inscribed circle to the outside of the right
hand front wheel of right turning heavy vehicles +0.5m inside
clearance.
T is the length of straight required between reverse curves to allow
for curve transition.

DRAW THE SELECTED LAYOUT CIRCLE

The layout circle will only be constant where entry radii are equal.
If radii vary, the layout circle must be redrawn as determined for
each entry radius.

The layout circle is used for design purposes only and forms no
part of the final design layout.
______________________________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Draw splitter island entry arc

DRAW THE SPLITTER ISLAND ENTRY ARC
TANGENTIAL TO THE APPROACH SEPARATION LINE
(OR EDGE OF MEDIAN) AND THE LAYOUT CIRCLE

Use radius R
3
selected in Step 2 to draw the entry arc.

The entry can be straight if it is preceded by a tangential curve not
greater than 100m radius, and satisfactory deflection can be
provided to exits.

______________________________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 4 Draw entry kerb line arc

Calculate the entry kerb line arc radius (R
4
) using the following
formula:
R
4
=R
3
W
1

where R
4
= entry kerb line arc radius
R
3
= splitter island entry radius
W
1
= entry width.

Entry width (W
1
)
1 lane see Table 4
2 lane =max. 8.0m (2 x 4.0m lanes)
3 lane =max. 12.0m (3 x 4.0m lanes)

Use the longest design vehicle which will turn left to select a width
from Table 4.

R
3
Vehicle / entry width (m)
(m) *SU *LB *Semi *BD *RT
13.0 5.7
15.5 5.3 6.0
17.0 5.1 5.7
20.0 4.8 5.3
30.0 4.4 4.8 5.4 6.0
40.0 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.3 6.0
50.0 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.9 5.5
60.0 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.7 5.1
Table 4 One lane entry widths (W
1
) for raised splitter islands

Entry width too wide, adopt 2 lane entry

Left turn swept path too wide for 2 lane entry, do not
use

Entry radius too small, do not use
For painted splitter islands deduct 0.6 m from Table 4 values.

* See Step 1, Table 1 for design vehicle definitions.

The widths in Table 4 assume the design vehicle will turn
approximately 90 left.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
The absolute minimum entry width (W
1
) is:

- 3.7m painted splitter island
-
- 4.3m raised splitter island.

DRAW ENTRY KERB LINE ARC CONCENTRIC TO
SPLITTER ISLAND ENTRY ARC

REPEAT STEPS 2, 3, AND 4 FOR ALL
REMAINING ENTRIES

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 5 Draw splitter island exit arc

Select an exit radius (R
5
) not less than any entry radius (R
3
), and
preferably larger than R
3
for through movements. If geometry
permits, the exit can be straight.

From Table 3 determine its associated layout circle radius (R
2
) using
the inscribed circle radius (R
1
) selected in Step 1.

DRAW THE SELECTED LAYOUT CIRCLE

The layout circle will only be constant where exit radii are equal. If
radii vary, the layout circle must be redrawn as determined for each
exit radius.

The layout circle is used for design purposes only and forms no
part of the final design layout.

DRAW THE SPLITTER ISLAND EXIT ARC
TANGENTIAL TO THE DEPARTURE SEPARATION
LINE (OR EDGE OF MEDIAN) AND THE LAYOUT
CIRCLE

Use the radius R
5
selected above to draw the exit arc.

______________________________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 6 Draw exit kerb line arc

Calculate the exit kerb line arc radius (R
6
) using the following
formula:
R
6
=R
5
W
2

where R
5
= splitter island exit radius
R
6
= exit kerb line arc radius
W
2
= exit width.
Exit width (W
2
)

1 lane see Table 5
2 lane =minimum 8.0m
3 lane =minimum 12.0m

R
6
Vehicle / exit width (m)
(m) SU LB Semi BD RT
13.0 5.7 6.5 7.9 8.9
15.5 5.3 6.1 7.4 8.4 10.0
17.0 5.2 5.8 7.1 7.9 9.6
20.0 4.9 5.5 6.7 7.5 9.0
30.0 4.5 4.9 5.7 6.5 7.5
40.0 4.3 4.6 5.2 5.6 6.6
50.0 4.3 4.4 4.8 5.2 6.0
60.0 4.3 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.5
Table 5 Minimum exit widths (W
2
) for raised splitter islands
Exit radius too small, do not use

For painted splitter islands deduct 0.6m from Table 5 values.
See Step 1, Table 1 for vehicle definitions.

The widths in Table 5 assume:

(a). the design vehicle will turn approximately 90 left, and

(b). the centre of the exit arc is either on a line joining the
layout circle and entry arc centres, or on the exit side of that
line.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
As the centre of the exit arc moves further away from the above line
on the entry side, exit widths will generally need widening because
of the tighter turning radius required to link the entry and exit paths
(see Step 8).

The absolute minimum exit width (W
2
) which can be used is:

- 3.7m painted splitter island
- 4.3m raised splitter island.

DRAW EXIT KERB LINE ARC CONCENTRIC TO
SPLITTER ISLAND EXIT ARC

REPEAT STEPS 5 AND 6 FOR ALL REMAINING EXITS

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 7 Draw central island
Calculate the central island radius (R
7
) using the following formula:

R
7
=R
1
W
3

where R
1
= inscribed circle radius
R
7
= central island radius
W
3
= circulation carriageway width.
Circulation carriageway width (W
3
)

1 lane entries see Table 6
2 lane entries add 4.0m to Table 6 values
3 lane entries add 8.0m to Table 6 values.

R
1
Vehicle / circulation carriageway width (m)
(m) Car SU LB Semi BD RT
13 4.0 6.0 7.2 9.8
15.5 4.0 5.5 6.5 8.5 10.8
16 4.0 6.0 7.0 9.0 11.3
20 4.0 5.5 6.2 7.5 8.9 11.2
25 4.0 5.2 5.7 6.9 7.7 9.7
30 4.0 5.0 5.4 6.3 7.0 8.3
40 4.0 4.7 5.1 5.7 6.1 7.2
50 4.0 4.6 4.8 5.6 5.7 6.7
Table 6 Circulation carriageway width (W
3
) for 1 lane entry
Central island too small for rural areas

Central island too small

Inscribed circle too small

The widths in Table 6 assume that the subtended angle between the
approach and departure is 90 or less where the design vehicle turns
right. No clearance between the swept path and the inscribed circle
has been allowed for R1 s 16.0m, to maximise installation
possibilities.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

DRAW CENTRAL ISLAND

Check deflection

a) CAD method

Draw two concentric arcs 2.0m apart, maximum radius 100m, to
scale on screen. Manoeuvre these arcs around to check
deflection. These curves can be stored for repetitive or future
use.

Alternatively, create a screen display to a template scale and
overlay the respective deflection template.

b) Manual method

Overlay matching scale deflection template on plan to check
deflection. For deflection templates, see RTAs Design Vehicle
and Turning Templates.

Primarily, deflection should be checked for through movements.
The extremities of the deflection path should touch kerb lines on the
entry/exit, and also for:

a) Single lane entry/exit

Touch or cut across the central island.

b) Multilane entry/exit

Be offset a maximum of 1.5m from the central island.
Deflection satisfactory

Proceed to Step 8 and complete design layout.
Deflection inadequate

a) Preferably return to Step 1 and redesign the layout by either
repositioning or enlarging the inscribed circle.

b) If redesign is not practical investigate the provision of a
trafficable annulus to enlarge the central island, increasing
deflection.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
The outer limit of the annulus can be determine from Table 6 by
choosing W
3
for the next smallest design vehicle to determine the
maximum radius of the annulus. For example: design
vehicle =semi; use SU or LB vehicle to determine maximum size of
annulus. The annulus must be a minimum of 1.2m wide.

Generally, this option should only be used where the number of
longest design vehicles entering the roundabout is either low or
only use it occasionally.

Draw annulus and recheck deflection.
Deflection satisfactory

Proceed to Step 8 and complete design layout.
Deflection still inadequate

Seek expert advice from Traffic Technology or investigate
alternative methods of traffic control.

______________________________________________________________________________________________


______________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 8 Complete design layout
Draw splitter islands

Splitter island limits should now be defined, with the possible
exception of the exits. Draw a tangent between the outer limit of the
central island and the exit arc. Adopt the tangent as the splitter
island limit where it falls outside the inscribed circle. Otherwise
adopt the exit arc as the splitter island limit.

Set out the raised island (if used) within the above limits using
offsets recommended in a relevant design guide.

If an inscribed circle of less than the desirable is used (see Table 1),
offset splitter islands a minimum of 1.0m from the inscribed circle
to allow adequate clearance for front overhang of heavy vehicles.

DRAW KERB LINES

An existing kerb line cannot be adopted as part of the
roundabout layout where it exists inside kerb lines designed as
follows.
Kerb returns

J oin adjacent entry and exit kerb line arcs with either a kerb return
arc (R
8
), or a tangent (geometry dependent). The return kerb line
must clear the inside of the swept path of the longest design vehicle
using the left turn. Use RTAs Design Vehicle and Turning
Templates or a computer program, e.g. VEHICLE/PATH.
Approach and departure kerb lines

Draw a construction line parallel to the separation line (or edge of
median) and offset by the same number of lanes as provided on the
entry. Adopt 4.0m for a single lane approach or the existing road
lane widths for multilane approaches. Insert an approach kerb line
arc (R
9
) tangential to this line and the entry kerb line arc. Again use
vehicle turning path templates or a computer program to assist with
radius R
9
selection.

______________________________________________________________________________________________
Repeat this procedure for the exit kerb line (R
10
).

To join the approach arc to an existing approach width if it is:

a) Narrower using relevant guidelines determine the starting
point of the taper on the existing road and from this point draw a
line tangential to the approach arc.

b) Wider widen the carriageway from the tangent point of the
approach arc and the construction line by providing a kerb line,
line marking or both.

Repeat this procedure, if required, for the exit.

Approach kerb line arc (R
9
), entry kerb line arc (R
4
), and kerb return
arc (R
8
) can have a common tangent point. Where this occurs the
entry kerb line arc will disappear. A similar situation can occur with
the departure kerb line arc (R
10
), exit kerb line arc (R
6
), and kerb
return arc (R
8
).
Kerb line opposite stem of Tjunction

To locate the kerb line join the inscribed circle to the entry and exit
arcs with tangents.

The entry tangent, entry kerb line arc (R
4
), and approach kerb line
arc (R
9
), can have a common tangent point. Where this occurs the
entry kerb line arc will disappear. A similar situation can occur with
the exit tangent, exit kerb line arc (R
6
), and departure kerb line arc
(R
10
).
Adjusting entry/exit widths

If a single lane entry/exit width is considered too wide or narrow
after checking with the appropriate design vehicle turning path (e.g.
angle between intersection legs varies significantly from 90) the
width can be adjusted as follows:

To widen or narrow the:

- entry decrease or increase R
4
as required

- exit decrease or increase R
6
as required.

then repeat kerb return and approach kerb line process.

It is preferable to widen the exit rather than the entry for vehicle
paths, to discourage cars from forming entry queues in excess of the
number of entry lanes.

______________________________________________________________________________________________

Single lane entry/exit width can also be changed by altering
entry/exit radii R
3
and R
5.

Kerbed blisters

It is good design practice to provide a kerbed blister on all entries
which are narrower than the approach carriageway. This helps to
control entry paths, enabling easier turning movements.

A kerbed blister is not essential for exits unless vehicles need to be
guided around a stationary object such as a tree or parked vehicle.
If used, it can be terminated at any point along the departure kerb
line to suit site requirements.

DELETE EXCESS LINE WORK

INSERT PAVEMENT MARKINGS
(REFER TO RELEVANT DESIGN GUIDE)

ROUNDABOUT LAYOUT COMPLETED

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Figure 1

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Figure 2

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Supersedes <Insert details here,
otherwise insert NIL>


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RTA Supplement to Austroads Guide to Road Design Part 4B Roundabouts

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