EDS+06 0014+Secondary+Substation+Earthing+Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.
ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARD
EDS 06-0014
SECONDARY SUBSTATION EARTHING DESIGN

Network(s): EPN, LPN, SPN
Summary:
This standard details the earthing design requirements for secondary distribution substations.
Originator:
Stephen Tucker
Date:
18/03/2013
Approved By:
Barry Hatton
Approved Date:
18/04/2013
Review Date:
18/03/2018
This document forms part of the Companys Integrated Business System and its requirements are mandatory throughout UK Power Networks. Departure from these requirements may only be taken with the written approval of the Director of Asset Management. If you have any queries about this document please contact the originator of the current issue.
Document History
(The document history notes below are intended as a guide only and may not cover all of the changes. If you wish to make use of this document it should be read in full.)
Version 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.0
Date 01/03/2013 03/08/2011 11/01/2011 31/03/2008
Details Document completely revised Reclassification of document from Earthing Design Manual Section 4 Version 1 (previously Earthing Manual Section 5) withdrawn and interim guidance provided Original
Originator Stephen Tucker Stephen Tucker Stephen Tucker Stephen Tucker/ Rob Weller
THIS IS AN UNCONTROLLED DOCUMENT, THE READER MUST CONFIRM ITS VALIDITY BEFORE USE
Date: 18/03/2013
Secondary Substation Earthing Design
Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013
Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 7 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3 7.1.4 7.1.5 7.1.6 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3 8.3.4 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.6.1 8.6.2 8.6.3 8.6.4 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 5 Scope ....................................................................................................................... 6 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 6 Definitions ................................................................................................................ 7 Design Criteria ......................................................................................................... 8 Design Procedure .................................................................................................... 9 Step 1 Information Requirements ........................................................................... 9 Step 2 Design Assessment ..................................................................................... 9 Step 3 Detailed Design (if required) ...................................................................... 12 Overview ................................................................................................................. 12 Calculate EPR ......................................................................................................... 14 Calculate Transfer Voltage ...................................................................................... 16 Determine Touch Voltage ........................................................................................ 17 Standard Secondary Substation Earthing Arrangements .................................. 18 GRP and Brick-Built Substations (COLD Site) ......................................................... 19 GRP and Brick-Built Substations (HOT Site) ........................................................... 20 Compact (including Micro and Padmount) Substations ............................................ 21 Integral and Basement Substations ......................................................................... 22 Customer HV Supplies and Associated Substations ................................................ 24 Existing Outdoor Substations .................................................................................. 27 Earthing Requirements ......................................................................................... 28 General ................................................................................................................... 28 Electrode System .................................................................................................... 28 Bonding ................................................................................................................... 29 Equipment ............................................................................................................... 29 Metallic Fences, Gates and Doors ........................................................................... 29 Ancillary Metalwork.................................................................................................. 32 Ducting and Ventilation Shafts ................................................................................. 33 Cables ..................................................................................................................... 33 Combined HV/LV Earths ......................................................................................... 33 Additional Requirements for HOT Sites ................................................................... 34 LV Earth .................................................................................................................. 34 Neutral-Earth Link ................................................................................................... 34 Warning Notices for Segregated Earths................................................................... 34 Lighting and Socket Supplies .................................................................................. 34
UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved
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8.6.5 9 9.1.1 9.1.2 9.1.3 9.1.4 9.1.5 9.1.6 9.1.7 9.1.8 9.1.9
Street Lighting Columns .......................................................................................... 34 Special Situations.................................................................................................. 35 Substation Refurbishment and Asset Replacement/Enhancement .......................... 35 Supplies to National Grid and HOT Sites ................................................................. 35 Supplies from HOT Sites ......................................................................................... 35 Supplies to Higher Voltage Substations ................................................................... 36 Substations near Livestock/Horses or other High Risk Locations ............................ 36 Mobile Phone Base Stations Associated with Transmission Towers ........................ 37 Substations Located Near Tower Lines ................................................................... 37 Substations Located Near Railways ........................................................................ 37 Substations Located Near Telephone Exchanges ................................................... 37
9.1.10 IDNO Substations .................................................................................................... 37 9.1.11 HV Generator Connections...................................................................................... 37 9.1.12 Customers Lightning Protection .............................................................................. 37 10 10.1 Earthing Design Assessment ............................................................................... 38 External Connection Providers ................................................................................ 38
10.1.1 Overview ................................................................................................................. 38 10.1.2 Earthing Drawing ..................................................................................................... 38 10.1.3 Earthing Report ....................................................................................................... 38 10.1.4 Further Information .................................................................................................. 38 10.2 11 UK Power Networks ................................................................................................ 38 References ............................................................................................................. 39
Appendix A UK Power Networks Supporting Data ...................................................... 40 Appendix B Typical Electrode Systems ....................................................................... 43 Appendix C Earthing Design Form ............................................................................... 44 Appendix D Earthing Design Assessment Form ......................................................... 44 Appendix E Secondary Substation Earthing Design Tool .......................................... 44 Appendix F Earthing Design Example .......................................................................... 44 Appendix G Standard Secondary Substation Arrangement Voltage Profiles ............ 44
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Figures
Figure 6-1 Initial Earthing Assessment Flowchart ............................................................. 11 Figure 6-2 Earthing Design Procedure Flowchart ............................................................. 13 Figure 6-3 Fault Current Path for Cables.......................................................................... 14 Figure 6-4 Transfer Voltage ............................................................................................. 16 Figure 7-1 COLD Site Earthing Design............................................................................. 19 Figure 7-2 HOT Site Earthing Design ............................................................................... 20 Figure 7-3 Compact/Micro Earthing Design ...................................................................... 21 Figure 7-4 Standard Design Approach for Integral and Basement Substation .................. 23 Figure 7-5 Typical HV Supply and Customer Substation Arrangement for a COLD Site ... 25 Figure 7-6 Typical HV Supply and Customer Substation Arrangement for a HOT Site ..... 26 Figure 7-7 Typical Earthing associated with Asset Replacement...................................... 27 Figure 8-1 Metallic Fence Earthing Examples .................................................................. 30 Figure 8-2 Metallic Door Earthing ..................................................................................... 31 Figure 8-3 Typical Earthing associated with Fence and Gate Replacement ..................... 32 Figure 9-1 LV Supply from a HOT Site using an Insulating Duct and a Remote Earth ...... 36 Figure 9-2 Options for Supplies to High Voltage Substations from Secondary Substations ........................................................................................................ 36
Tables
Table 7-1 Standard Secondary Substation Drawings ....................................................... 18 Table 8-1 Earth Electrodes............................................................................................... 29 Table 8-2 Bonding Conductors ......................................................................................... 29 Table A-1 Data Sources for Earthing Design Calculations................................................ 40 Table A-2 Resistances Values for Standard Secondary Substation Earthing Arrangements .................................................................................................... 40 Table A-3 Touch and Step Voltages for Standard Secondary Substation Earthing Arrangements .................................................................................................... 41 Table A-4 Summary of Touch Voltages Related to EPR (for chippings) for Standard Substation Arrangements based on the Limits in Table A-5 ............................... 41 Table A-5 Maximum Acceptable Touch Voltages (based on ENA TS 41-24 Figure 2)...... 42 Table A-6 Protection Operation Time ............................................................................... 42 Table B-1 1, 10 and 20 Earth Electrode Values ........................................................ 43
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Introduction
This standard (previously Section 4 of the Earthing Design Manual) details the earthing design requirements for secondary distribution substations. It is intended to provide guidance for UK Power Networks Designers/Planning Engineers and external connection providers to ensure that designs meet the requirements of new standards. The earthing arrangements have been developed to cover common situations, supported by standard design rules. Methods of calculation are given to allow optimal designs to be produced. There will be some situations where standard arrangements are not suitable, and it is the responsibility of the Designer/Planning Engineer to exercise a degree of judgement, and to seek help from an earthing specialist (refer to EDS 06-0001) if the appropriateness of a standard arrangement is in doubt. Historically, the earthing at a secondary distribution substation may have entailed just one or two earth rods achieving an earth resistance value of 1 . This is no longer acceptable for the following reasons: The widespread use of polymeric sheathed cables. These do not contribute locally to the potential grading (i.e. reducing the touch voltage) because of their insulated sheath. This was a useful by-product of the older lead sheathed, steel wire armoured cables that helped increase local safety. It has been demonstrated that the previous assumptions that it was safe to bond the HV and LV earths when a 1 combined earth resistance was achieved, and that a substation was SAFE if the EPR did not exceed 430V are no longer valid. Following the publication of BS EN 50522 earthing design now requires greater consideration than before and the following changes are included in this standard: Additional precautions (e.g. a ring electrode around the site and plant) are generally required to achieve a SAFE site with acceptable touch and step voltages and a COLD site allows the HV and LV earths to be combined wherever practicable. The required value of earth resistance to achieve a SAFE and a COLD site should be calculated for each site and may be higher or lower than 1. Compact or micro (pad-mounted) substations require a ring electrode buried around them. Metallic fencing, if connected to the HV earth, requires a buried grading electrode around the site. It is necessary in some cases to install bare earth wire alongside buried polymeric sheathed cables to achieve the required earth resistance. The remote earth contribution provided by polymeric type cables may help in reducing the overall earth resistance. Arrangements based upon earth rods are no longer acceptable unless they achieve a very low earth resistance and/or have additional standard safety features such as having the floor rebar bonded. The contribution of vertical steel piles can be included as a supplement to the main system, provided they are bonded via a welded connection. Earthing arrangements have been developed and are presented in this document to cover each of the standard substation designs and are included on the civil substation construction drawings. Conductor sizing is recommended based on a common approach to all three network areas.
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Scope
This standard applies to all new secondary substations and existing secondary substations where a material alteration is to take place, e.g. switchgear replacement, fencing replacement etc. This standard is effective from 1st May. All internal quotations and external design submissions should comply with the updated standard from this date but older designs may be accepted up until 1st July. All designs submitted after 1st July shall comply with this standard. The earthing design for pole-mounted equipment, LV networks (including LV overhead networks) and customer installations are covered respectively in EDS 06-0015, EDS 06-0016 and EDS 06-0017.
3
Term CDL CNE Ellipse EPR IDNO NetMap SNE
Abbreviations
Definition UK Power Networks Intranet Central Document Library Combined neutral earth (refer to Section 4 for definition) UK Power Networks asset register Earth potential rise (refer to Section 4 for definition) Independent Distribution Network Operator UK Power Networks graphical information system (GIS) Separate neutral earth (refer to Section 4 for definition)
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Definitions
This section defines the main terms used in this standard (refer to EDS 06-0012 for a full list of earthing terms and definitions). Cable - Combined Neutral Earth (CNE) A CNE cable has a combined neutral and earth metallic outer sheath with a PVC covering and is used in a PME (protective multiple earthing) LV earthing system. Cable - Separate Neutral Earth (SNE) An SNE cable has separate neutral and earth conductors. Generally the neutral conductor is a fourth core and the earth conductor forms a protective sheath. COLD Site A COLD site is a grid, primary or secondary substation where the earth potential rise (EPR) is less than 430V or 650V (for high reliability protection with a fault clearance less than 200ms). HOT Site A HOT site is a grid, primary or secondary substation where the earth potential rise (EPR) is greater than 430V or 650V (for high reliability protection with a fault clearance less than 200ms). Earth Potential Rise (EPR) EPR is the potential (voltage) rise that occurs on any metalwork due to the current that flows through the ground when an earth fault occurs on the HV or LV network. Note: Some current will flow through the cable sheath back to the source and some will flow through the ground, it is only the current that flows through the ground that causes the earth potential rise (refer to Figure 6-3). Historically this has also been called Rise of Earth Potential (ROEP) Step, Touch and Transfer Voltages The step voltage is the potential difference between a persons feet assumed to be 1m apart. The touch voltage is the potential difference between a persons hands and feet when standing up to 1m away from any earthed metalwork they are touching. The transfer voltage is the potential transferred by means of a conductor between an area with a significant earth potential rise and an area with little or no earth potential rise, and results in a potential difference between the conductor and earth in both locations. Substation Earthing Database The substation earthing database contains the classification (HOT or COLD) of all grid and primary substations together with the details of the earth potential rise (EPR) and other relevant earthing information. Refer to EDS 06-0002 for further details.
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Design Criteria
Substation earthing provides the following function: To pass the fault current during an earth fault back to the system neutral and operate the source protection. To prevent dangerous potentials appearing at the substation and causing danger to staff or the public. To prevent dangerous potentials appearing on the customers LV neutral/earth. To comply with the requirements for substation LV earthing for PME systems. To satisfy these requirements the following design criteria shall be used for secondary substation earthing design: To operate the protection a maximum HV electrode earth resistance of 10 is required. To manage both the earth resistance and the touch voltages appearing on equipment a ring electrode is required enclosing and bonded to all equipment. To prevent dangerous voltages appearing on the LV system the earth potential rise shall, as far as reasonably practicable, be limited to 430V1 which will usually require a relatively low value of earth resistance. Provided this limit is maintained the HV/LV earths can be combined; otherwise the HV/LV earths shall be segregated and the site classified as a HOT site. Where a separate LV earth is required, a maximum LV earth resistance of 20 is required in accordance with ENA ER G12. Refer to EDS 06-0012 for a more detailed explanation of earth potential rise, the voltage limits and associated calculations.
Provided the HV protection operates within 1 second.
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Design Procedure
This standard uses a three step process for earthing design: Step 1 information gathering (Section 6.1). Step 2 initial design assessment process (Section 6.2). Step 3 detailed design process (Section 6.3). 6.1 Step 1 Information Requirements
The following information is required to design a secondary substation earthing system: Source grid/primary substation earth fault level and earth resistance value (if available). Earth fault level at the new secondary substation. Source substation classification (HOT/COLD) and the associated earth potential rise for HOT sites. Details of the cable or overhead line network between the source and the new secondary substation including lengths, types, and the cable sheath cross-section and material (where appropriate) etc. Distance of the secondary substation from the source substation. Soil resistivity at secondary substation location. Fault clearance time for an earth fault at the new substation (detailed design only). Refer to Appendix A for UK Power Networks data sources. Where required UK Power Networks will provide this information to enable an external connection provider to design a suitable secondary substation earthing system. 6.2 Step 2 Design Assessment
An initial earthing design assessment for a secondary substation shall be carried out using the procedure detailed below. If this process does not provide a satisfactory design the detailed design process detailed in Section 6.3 shall be used. 1. If any of the special situations listed below apply to the proposed secondary substation refer to Section 9 before assessing the design. A standard earthing system may not be appropriate, in which case an earthing specialist may be required to carry out a bespoke design. Substations associated with a customers substation and/or plant and equipment. Substation refurbishment and asset replacement/enhancement (Section 9.1.1). Supplies to/from HOT sites (see Section 9.1.2 and 9.1.3). Secondary substations associated with higher voltage substations (Section 9.1.4). Substations near livestock, racehorses etc, or other high risk locations (Section 9.1.5). Supplies to mobile phone masts (Section 9.1.6). Substations located near tower lines (Section 9.1.7). Substations located near railways (Section 9.1.8). Substations located near to telephone exchanges (Section 9.1.9). IDNO substations (Section 9.1.10). HV generator connections (Section 9.1.11). Customers lightning protection (Section 9.1.12).
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2. Select a standard earthing arrangement for the proposed secondary substation (e.g. unit, GRP etc) from Section 7. 3. Use the flowchart in Figure 6-12 to determine whether a standard design is SAFE, whether the site is HOT or COLD together with the maximum earth resistance and whether a separate (segregated) LV earth is required. 4. The detailed design procedure in Section 6.3 should be followed if: The earth resistance is thought to be too onerous. A HOT site has been achieved and a COLD site is required. A HOT site has been achieved and HV/LV earth segregation is not possible due to presence of HV/LV PILC cables or the situation. 5. Determine the electrode requirements from Appendix B and check fi achievable on site. 6. Select the earthing electrode/conductor sizes and other earthing requirements from Section 8. 7. Complete the earthing design form in Appendix C. 8. The details of any HOT secondary substation shall also be sent to UK Power Networks Asset Management (earthingenquiries@ukpowernetworks.co.uk) so that they can be recorded in the Substation Earthing Database. BT shall also be notified of any HOT substation within 10m refer to Section 9.1.9 further details.
The earthing assessment flowchart is based on the assumption that for cable connected substations with a maximum earth fault level of 1500A and a 1 earth resistance the maximum current that will flow through ground is approx 25%, therefore the EPR will be less than 430V and the site will be SAFE and COLD.
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START
Special situation?
Yes
Refer to Section 10
No
Overhead site?
Yes
Refer to EDS 06-0015
No Existing Yes secondary substation or fence replacement? No Located within grid or primary site? No No
Refer to Section 7
COLD Site Use combined HV/LV earth connected to site earth
Yes
Grid or primary site HOT? HOT Site Use combined HV/LV earth connected to site earth (not suitable for providing external supplies)
Yes Yes
Joint site with customer?
No
Consider use of earthing specialist to carry out detailed design No Employ earthing specialist to carry out detailed design
Standard earthing arrangement? Yes Entirely cable fed from source substation? Yes
No
Earth fault current <1500A? Yes
No
Carry out detailed earthing design
Source substation HOT? No
Yes
Substation first on the feeder or within 100m of source substation? No SAFE COLD Site Use standard design with combined HV/LV earth with a resistance of 1 ohm
Yes
SAFE HOT Site Use standard design with segregated HV/LV earths HV 1 ohm and LV 20 ohm
Determine electrode and other earthing requirements
Figure 6-1 Initial Earthing Assessment Flowchart UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved 11 of 44
6.3 6.3.1
Step 3 Detailed Design (if required) Overview
For the detailed design it is necessary to follow the process outlined in the flowchart in Figure 6-2 to calculate the actual EPR (Section 6.3.2) and/or determine the earth resistance to limit the EPR to less than 430V (Section 6.3.2) so that a standard earthing arrangement with combined HV/LV earths can be installed. The process will also identify whether additional earth electrodes are required to supplement those in standard earthing arrangements. If the EPR is greater than 430V a standard earthing arrangement can still be used but with segregated HV/LV earths. However in this instance it will also be necessary to calculate the touch voltage (Section 6.3.4) to determine whether it is within the acceptable limits and the substation is SAFE. The touch and step voltages for each standard earthing arrangement has been calculated as a percentage of the EPR and are given for each standard arrangement in Table A-3 (Appendix A). It is possible to infer from these a maximum EPR that is acceptable without modification. The acceptable EPR is dependent on the normal fault clearance time as given in Table A-4 and Table A-5 (Appendix A) for the standard arrangements. An earthing design calculator (Appendix E) is available to assist with the various calculations detailed in Sections 6.3.2, 6.3.3 and 6.3.4. The earthing design calculator also includes a form to record the earthing design decisions for inclusion in the overall substation design documentation. Note: If a non-standard design is required an earthing specialist shall be employed to carry out the appropriate design and calculations.
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START
Standard substation arrangement? Yes Obtain source substation earth resistance and EPR
No
Employ earthing specialist to carry out design
Obtain soil resistivity
Obtain circuit details
Calculate substation earth fault level (or use source substation value)
Calculate EPR
Determine secondary substation earth resistance
EPR >430V?
Yes
Calculate required resistance to limit EPR to less than 430V
No Yes Required resistance achievable? No Calculate EPR for achievable Calculate touch voltage resistance No Touch voltage acceptable for normal protection clearance times? Yes Source substation HOT? No Yes SAFE HOT Site Use standard design with segregated HV/LV earths, calculated HV resistance and 20 ohm LV resistance Yes Calculate transfer voltage
Calculate touch voltage
Transfer voltage > 430V?
No
SAFE COLD Site Use standard design with combined HV/LV earth with calculated HV resistance
Determine electrode and other earthing requirements
Figure 6-2 Earthing Design Procedure Flowchart
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6.3.2
Calculate EPR
1. Determine the source substation earth resistance (or assume 0.5 if not available). Grid and primary substation earthing data is available from the Substation Earthing Database3. Refer to EDS 06-0002 for further information. 2. Estimate the substation HV electrode resistance (R) using Table A-2 (for the standard substation type) and the soil resistivity. This table has been produced using computer simulation of the standard earth electrode designs (given in Section 4) to generate expected resistance values depending on the resistivity of the soil. Soil resistivity data is available in NetMap4. Refer to EDS 06-0018 for further information. 3. Determine the earth fault current at the secondary substation (If). If the earth fault level at the secondary substation is not available the earth fault level at the source substation will provide a good (but pessimistic) approximation. Refer to EDS 08-0134 for further Information on obtaining earth fault levels. 4. Calculate the percentage (%Igr) of fault current that will flow through the ground. For overhead supplied sites this is 100%. For entirely cable supplied sites, a ground return current of 25% of the total earth fault current can be assumed as a first estimate. Note: It is likely that there are several types of cable between the secondary substation and the source substation. The initial calculation should be based on the smallest size cable. Modelling each cable separately will provide a more accurate value and a lower value of EPR but will need to be calculated by an earthing specialist if it is required.
Primary 33/11kVSubstation
If11kV
Secondary 11kV/415V Substation
F33kV
If11kV
Isheath11kV
Majority of fault current returns through cable sheath (Isheath11kV) but a small percentage (Igr11kV) returns through the ground to the source (primary) substation
If11kV
RPrimSub
RSecSub
Igr11kV EPR11kV = Igr11kV x Rsecsub
Figure 6-3 Fault Current Path for Cables
UK Power Networks maintains a Substation Earthing Database which is available from the UK Power Networks Intranet (Applications > Reporting Centre > Substation Earthing Database). 4 UK Power Networks GIS system.
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5. Use this percentage (%Igr) to calculate the value of the ground return current Igr: Igr = %Igr If 6. Use the calculated value of Igr and the estimated value of RSecSub to calculate the EPR for the site: EPR = Igr RSecSub 7. Assess the calculated EPR value. If the EPR calculated is less than 430V the site can be assumed COLD and combined HV/LV earthing can be installed provided that the measured value of HV electrode resistance is less than the value calculated above. 8. If the EPR is greater than 430V then further calculation is required to determine the required resistance needed to limit the EPR under fault conditions to 430V or less. The value of RSecSub can be calculated using the equation below. However as the value of resistance will change the proportion of current returning through earth it will be necessary to repeat the steps above to calculate the final EPR. Note: It may be necessary to repeat this several times to determine actual values of resistance and EPR. RSecSub = EPR Igr 9. Using the results of the calculations above determine the additional earth electrode requirements using Table B-1 (Appendix B). 10. If it is not considered realistic to achieve a low enough earth resistance to limit the EPR to 430V the design shall be based on reasonably practical installation with a low resistance to minimise the EPR. The site shall be classified as HOT and segregated HV and LV earthing installed. It is also necessary to calculate the touch voltage as detailed Section 6.3.4. Note: Further design work may be required to achieve a COLD site if HV/LV earth segregation is not possible due to presence of HV/LV PILC cables or the situation. 11. If the source substation is HOT it is necessary to calculate the transfer voltage as detailed in Section 6.3.3. 12. The details of any HOT secondary substation shall also be sent to UK Power Networks Asset Management (earthingenquiries@ukpowernetworks.co.uk) so that they can be recorded in the Substation Earthing Database. BT shall also be notified of any HOT substation within 10m refer to Section 9.1.9 further details. 13. Determine the electrode requirements from Appendix B and check if achievable on site. 14. Select the earthing electrode/conductor sizes and other earthing requirements from Section 8. 15. Complete the earthing design form in Appendix C.
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6.3.3
Calculate Transfer Voltage
If the secondary substation is entirely cable fed from a HOT source substation (i.e. the EPR at the source substation is greater than 430V) it is necessary to calculate the transfer voltage from the source substation as illustrated in Figure 6-4. Previously, the rule of thumb was that the first substation out from a HOT site should be treated as HOT however this methodology is not valid in all cases. Note: The transfer potential calculation is not necessary if an overhead line section is included in the circuit. If the new substation is not the first substation on the circuit it is not valid to assume that the transfer potential from the source will be of no significance. However, accurate calculation is complex, therefore it is sufficient to simply disregard intermediate substations and to use the total circuit length.
Primary 33/11kV Substation
RCircuit
Secondary 11kV/415V Substation
EPRSourceSub
RSecSub
VTransfer
Figure 6-4 Transfer Voltage
1. Calculate the transfer voltage using the following formula.
VTransfer
EPRPr imSub
Z SecSub Z Circuit Z SecSub
2. If the transfer voltage is greater than 430V the secondary substation shall be classified as HOT and segregated HV and LV earthing installed. 3. Update the earthing design form (Appendix C). 4. The details of any HOT secondary substation shall also be sent to UK Power Networks Asset Management (earthingenquiries@ukpowernetworks.co.uk) so that they can be recorded in the Substation Earthing Database. BT shall also be notified of any HOT substation within 10m refer to Section 9.1.9 further details.
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6.3.4
Determine Touch Voltage
If the EPR is greater than 430V it is also necessary to assess the touch voltage for the proposed design. Touch and step voltages for each of the standard earthing arrangements expressed as a percentage of the EPR are given in Table A-4 (Appendix A) which gives the touch voltage percentages for the standard earthing designs. Furthermore a set of acceptable touch and step voltage limits, based on fault clearance times and substation surface type, are given in Table A-5 (Appendix A). A comparison of the calculated touch voltage against the acceptable limits can then be completed without further calculation. Note: If the design does not use a standard arrangement then the earthing electrode system shall be modelled by an earthing specialist to determine the touch and step voltage. 1. To calculate the touch voltage and determine whether it is acceptable the following information is required: Proposed earthing arrangement for the secondary substation. Substation surface type. Calculated value of EPR. Fault clearance time. What fault clearance time to use? The fault clearance time is the sum of the protection relay (source or upstream) and the circuit-breaker operating times. A value of 1s can be used for 11kV circuits but is likely to be pessimistic and provide onerous touch voltage limits. Alternatively the actual protection clearance time can be calculated using Table A-6 (Appendix A) and the circuit-breaker operating time of either 100ms (oil) or 50ms (SF6 or vacuum). 2. Calculate the touch voltage using the following formula: VT = EPR % where % is the percentage of the EPR where the maximum touch voltage can occur obtained from Table A-4 (Appendix A). 3. Check whether the touch voltage is greater than the acceptable limits in Table A-5 (Appendix A). If the touch voltage exceeds the limits further work is required to reduce the substation resistance and hence the EPR or an earthing specialist should be employed to carry out a bespoke design. 4. Update the earthing design form (Appendix C). 5. A design cannot be accepted or approved if the touch and step voltages are outside the limits.
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Standard Secondary Substation Earthing Arrangements
This section details the earthing arrangements for the standard secondary substation designs. The arrangements include HV and LV (if required) earthing for the following types of ground-mounted substation: New COLD site design for GRP, brick-built and outdoor substations (Section 7.1.1). New HOT site design for GRP brick-built and outdoor substations (Section 7.1.2). Compact or micro pad-mounted substations without an enclosure (Section 7.1.3). Integral and basement substations (Section 7.1.4). Customer substations (Sections 7.1.5). Existing outdoor substations (Section 7.1.6). These earthing arrangements have been incorporated into the standard substation design drawings contained in EDS 07-0102. A full list of the available drawings is given in Table 7-1.
Table 7-1 Standard Secondary Substation Drawings Description GRP Unit/Package Substation with Standard Plinth GRP Unit/Package Substation with Fully-bunded Plinth GRP Micro Substation with Standard Plinth GRP Compact Substation with Standard Plinth GRP Metering Substation with Standard Plinth Freestanding Brick-built (3.6m x 3.6m) Unit/Package Substation Freestanding Brick-built Substation for a Single Transformer Freestanding Brick-built Substation for a Single Transformer with LV ACB/LV Board Integral Substation for a Single Transformer Integral Substation for a Single Transformer with ACB and LV Board Micro Substation Compact Substation Fenced Outdoor Substation with Micro and Ring Main Unit Fenced Outdoor Substation with Micro and Extensible Switchgear Connection Techniques Drawing No EDS 07-0102.01 EDS 07-0102.02 EDS 07-0102.03 EDS 07-0102.04 EDS 07-0102.16 EDS 07-0102.18 EDS 07-0102.05 EDS 07-0102.06 EDS 07-0102.07 EDS 07-0102.08 EDS 07-0102.10 EDS 07-0102.11 EDS 07-0102.12 EDS 07-0102.13 EDS 07-0102.25
5 5
The electrode resistance of the standard arrangements in a range of uniform soil conditions can be found in Table A-2 (Appendix A). Note: The resistance value of the standalone substation electrode is unlikely to be low enough to give a COLD site. In most cases additional electrodes will be required to provide a lower value of earth resistance. Plots showing the touch and step voltages across the sites with standard earthing installed are included in Appendix G.
Only for use in Areas of Natural Outstanding Beauty (ANOB).
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7.1.1
GRP and Brick-Built Substations (COLD Site)
The general earthing arrangement for GRP, brick-built and outdoor6 substations with a combined HV/LV earth (COLD site) is shown below. Refer to EDS 07-0102.01-04,16 (GRP), EDS 07-0102.05-06,18 (brick-built) and EDS 07-0102.12-13 (outdoor) for specific designs.
1 1 COLD Site Neutral/Earth Link In
Transformer
Main Earth Terminal
7 LV 8 3 4 RMU 4
To LV Cable Neutral
To HV Earth
Additional HV Earth Electrode/Rods (as required to achieve earth resistance)
2 Note: Not all equipment bonding is shown
LV CNE Cable
HV Earth Electrode Fault Level Up to 8kA Up to 12kA Up to 15kA Bare Copper Conductor 70mm2 120mm2 (or 2 x 70mm2) 120mm2 (or 2 x 70mm2) Bare Copper Tape 25mm x 3mm 25mm x 4mm 25mm x 6mm
1 - 2.4m earth rods at rear corners 2 - Alternative internal 2.4m earth rods in place of external ones for brick-built substations 3 - HV electrode around the outer edge of foundation buried at a depth of 500-600mm 4 - HV electrode connecting each side of outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal 5 - HV electrode connecting front of outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal passing under where an operator stands when using the HV switchgear 6 - HV electrode underneath the foundations (or in the cable trench) required for larger brick-built substations 7 - Connection to reinforcement rebar/mesh 8 - Neutral/Earth link in place
Figure 7-1 COLD Site Earthing Design
Outdoor secondary substations are not generally used for new build, however they may be used in specific situations, e.g. Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, when GRP and brick-built designs are not suitable.
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7.1.2
GRP and Brick-Built Substations (HOT Site)
The general earthing arrangement for GRP, brick-built and outdoor7 substations with a separate HV/LV earth (HOT site) is shown below. Refer to EDS 07-0102.01-04,16 (GRP), EDS 07-0102.05-06,18 (brick-built) and EDS 07-0102.12-13 (outdoor) for specific designs.
1 1 HOT Site Neutral/Earth Link Out
Transformer
Earth Terminal
7 LV 8 3 4 RMU 4
To LV Cable Neutral To LV Earth 9
To HV Earth
Additional HV Earth Electrode/Rods (as required to achieve earth resistance)
2 Note: Not all equipment bonding is shown
HV/LV Separation (8m minimum) LV Earth Connection (Insulated) LV Earth Electrode/Rods (max resistance 20)
LV CNE Cable
HV Earth Electrode Fault Level Up to 8kA Up to 12kA Up to 15kA Bare Copper Conductor 70mm2 120mm2 (or 2 x 70mm2) 120mm (or 2 x 70mm )
2 2
LV Earth Bare Copper Tape 25mm x 3mm 25mm x 4mm 25mm x 6mm LV earth connection - 70mm2 PVC covered stranded copper conductor LV earth electrode - 70mm2 bare stranded copper conductor
1 - 2.4m earth rods at rear corners 2 - Alternative internal 2.4m earth rods in place of external ones for brick-built substations 3 - HV electrode around the outer edge of foundation buried at a depth of 500-600mm 4 - HV electrode connecting each side of outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal 5 - HV electrode connecting front of outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal passing under where an operator stands when using the HV switchgear 6 - HV electrode underneath the foundations (or in the cable trench) required for larger brick-built substations 7 - Connection to reinforcement rebar/mesh 8 - Neutral/Earth link removed 9 - Warning labels
Figure 7-2 HOT Site Earthing Design
Outdoor secondary substations are not generally used for new build; however they may be used in specific situations, e.g. Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, when GRP and brick-built designs are not suitable.
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7.1.3
Compact (including Micro and Padmount) Substations
The earthing arrangement for a compact/micro substation without an enclosure is shown below. These are generally installed on the overhead network and therefore the HV and LV earths shall be segregated as shown. However if the compact/micro substation is supplied from the source by continuous cable and the site is shown by calculation to be COLD the HV and LV earths may be combined. Refer to EDS 07-0102.10, 11 and 15 for specific designs. Note: If the compact substation is installed in a GRP enclosure the standard arrangements shown in Sections 7.1.1 and 7.1.2 shall be used.
HOT Site 1 1 HOT Site Neutral/Earth Link Out 6 8 8 3 6 To HV Earth Electrode To LV Earth Electrode 4 5 Additional HV Earth Electrode/Rods (as specified ) 2 LV Earth Connection 5 2 HV/LV Separation (8m minimum) To LV Cable Neutral and Sheath LV Earth Electrode/Rods (max resistance 20) LV Neutral HV Earth
LV CNE Cable
COLD Site
1 COLD Site Neutral/Earth Link In 7 LV Neutral HV Earth To HV Earth Electrode 4 5 5 2
Additional HV Earth Electrode/Rods (as specified )
LV Earth LV earth connection - 70mm2 PVC covered stranded copper conductor LV earth electrode - 70mm2 bare stranded copper conductor
1 - 2.4m earth rods at rear corners 500mm behind plinth 2 - 2.4m earth rods at front corners 500mm in front of the plinth 3 - HV electrode in a ring around the substation, extending 500mm on all sides, buried at a depth of 500mm and connected to the earth rods 4 - HV electrode connecting each side of outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal 5 - HV electrode in two places between the earthing ring and the earth terminal, passing directly underneath the positions where an operator is required to stand to open the front cover and carry out operations 6 - Neutral/Earth link removed 7 - Neutral/Earth link in place 8 - Warning labels
Figure 7-3 Compact/Micro Earthing Design
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7.1.4
Integral and Basement Substations
The standard arrangements shown Section 7.1.1 and 7.1.2 should be used where possible. However where the substation is situated within an existing or even a new property, it is often impracticable to install one of the standard arrangements but a standard approach is necessary. This will use earth rods installed through the floor or side walls, external electrodes and vertical piles and the rebar in the floor slab to control touch voltages. It is not usually possible to segregate the HV and LV earths, so it is COLD site (EPR less than 430V) so that they can be combined. possible or if the building or its electrical supply will interact with Underground or other electrified travel infrastructure, a bespoke involving an earthing specialist. important to achieve a If a COLD site is not Network Rail, London design is necessary,
The earthing design should include the following elements which are illustrated in Figure 7-4 (a): Install 2 to 4 vertical earth rods through the substation floor (Figure 7-4 (c)) or the basement (Figure 7-4 (c)), in each case directly into natural soil, to achieve a sufficiently low earth resistance for a low EPR and a COLD site. Bond the reinforcing mesh (rebar) in the concrete floor slab of the substation, or install a mesh metal floor or a thin concrete layer with embedded mesh, to control the touch voltages around UK Power Networks equipment. The following options, where practical, may be used to supplement the above: Install at least 20m (ideally 50m) of bare copper electrode at a depth of approximately 500mm along the cable route under the HV cable, direct into natural soil. Install bare copper electrode in the soil at a depth of approximately 500mm, adjacent or up to 1m away from the outer walls of as many sides of the UK Power Networks part of the building as possible. Wherever practicable, this shall include the wall adjacent to the HV switchgear. Incorporate the steel in vertical piles near the substation into the design this must be of welded type and only the electrically continuous length should be included in the calculation. The standard approach outlined above should cover the majority of integral and basement substations; however advice from an earthing specialist should be sought at an early stage for more complex installations.
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1b 2
1a
Substation
Transformer
Main Earth Terminal
(b) Earth Rod Installation into Soil
LV
RMU 3
Substation
Basement
1c 2 1b 1a (c) Earth Rod Installation through Basement into Soil
(a) Overall Earthing Arrangement
1a - Main earth rods on outer wall 1b - Optional additional earth rods to help achieve overall low resistance 1c - Optional bare earth electrode laid with incoming HV cables to help achieve overall low resistance 2 - Bond to reinforcing mesh (rebar) in concrete floor slab or thin concrete layer with embedded mesh 3 - Main earth bar 4 - Wall- mounted earth bar above floor level/below door tread to aid connections 5 - Main equipment bond (not all equipment bonding shown) 6 - Door bonding
Figure 7-4 Standard Design Approach for Integral and Basement Substation
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7.1.5
Customer HV Supplies and Associated Substations
The earthing system for an HV supply and any associated substation will consist of parts provided by the customer and parts provided by UK Power Networks. The objective is to design an earthing system that satisfies the safety requirements with an acceptable degree of redundancy and, wherever possible, a COLD site classification (EPR less than 430V). Therefore the customer shall provide an HV earthing system for the installation, irrespective of the earthing provided by UK Power Networks. The earthing system should normally consist of copper earth electrodes (tapes and rods) and steel reinforcement piles or rebar in the vicinity of the substation. In the majority of cases the earthing systems can be interconnected, especially when the resulting earth resistance is low enough to achieve a COLD site. In this case it may also be possible to use the same earthing system to provide the LV earth. This is illustrated in Figure 7-5. The aim of the design is to ensure that UK Power Networks and customer earthing systems shall each be adequate to ensure safety in the absence of the other system. The customer system shall not be reliant on UK Power Networks earth terminal for safety since the integrity of either system can be subject to external influences. The situation is more complex if the HV earthing system is classified as HOT in which case one of the following design options shall be used: Extend the HV earth or reduce the earth fault current to achieve a COLD site, if this is possible at a reasonable cost. One option for substations on new networks (such as in London) is to interconnect the earthing with existing 11kV sites that have metallic sheathed cables or connect onto abandoned sheathed cables. Interconnect the HV and LV earths and operate as a HOT site with the necessary measures in place. This is only really practical at an isolated location such as a standalone factory or office, a wind or solar farm, generating station or National Grid site. Segregate the HV and LV earthing systems at all points by a minimum of 8m and ensure that they cannot be interconnected. Precautions will also be required to ensure that a person cannot contact both earth systems simultaneously (refer to Figure 7-6). Segregate the UK Power Networks HV earth from both of the customer earths. This is difficult to achieve, is not a desirable solution and generally requires a special design. Options to achieve it include introduction of a span of unearthed overhead line or cable sheath insulation joints between the site and the UK Power Networks system. However the working practices (such as isolation and earthing for work on the HV system) need careful consideration in this situation. Note: If the site is HOT the transfer voltage requires special consideration especially if there are metallic boundary fences or metallic buildings in the vicinity.
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COLD Site 1
UK Power Networks Substation 9
Customer Substation 1 3 Additional electrode/rods (if required ) LV 7 4
Note: Equipment bonding not shown
3 8 4 RMU MU
HV
TX
Additional electrode/rods (if required ) 1
5 3 2
5 2
3 1
Customer LV SNE Cables
COLD Site 1
UK Power Networks Substation
Customer Substation 1
RMU
MU
HV
TX
LV 7
5 3 2 2 Customer LV SNE Cables 5 3 1
1 - 2.4 m earth rods at 2 corners of substation (alternatively they can be installed internally) 2 - HV electrode around the outer edge of foundation buried at a depth of 500-600mm 3 - HV electrode connecting outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal 4 - Additional HV electrodes to control touch/step voltages if required 5 - Connection to reinforcement rebar/mesh 6 - Interconnection via a link between UK Power Networks and Customer substations 7 - Neutral-earth link in place 8 - HV cable screen insulated from earth 9 - Warning labels
Figure 7-5 Typical HV Supply and Customer Substation Arrangement for a COLD Site
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HOT Site 1
UK Power Networks Substation 9
Customer Substation 1 3
3 8 4 RMU MU
HV
TX
LV 7
5 3 2
5 2
3 1 HV/LV Separation (8m minimum) LV Earth Cable (Insulated)
HOT Site 1
UK Power Networks Substation
Customer Substation 1
RMU
MU
HV
TX
LV 7
5 3 2 2 5 3 1 HV/LV Separation (8m minimum) LV Earth Cable (Insulated)
1 - 2.4 m earth rods at 2 corners of substation (alternatively they can be installed internally) 2 - HV electrode around the outer edge of foundation buried at a depth of 500-600mm 3 - HV electrode connecting outer loop to switchgear/transformer earth terminal 4 - Additional HV electrodes to control touch/step voltages if required 5 - Connection to reinforcement rebar/mesh 6 - Interconnection via a link between UK Power Networks and Customer substations 7 - Neutral-earth link removed 8 - HV cable screen insulated from earth 9 - Warning labels
Figure 7-6 Typical HV Supply and Customer Substation Arrangement for a HOT Site
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7.1.6
Existing Outdoor Substations
Outdoor secondary substations are no longer constructed except in Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. For these a close boarded fence is required refer to EDS 07-0102.12-13 for specific designs. Earthing needs to be considered during asset replacement work at existing outdoor sites. The installation of a complete earthing system based on a standard arrangement is rarely practical. However the opportunity to enhance the earthing should not be overlooked. The earthing installed should seek to achieve as much of the following as possible, using the excavations that are necessary for the remedial work: Buried bare electrode around the equipment at a depth of around 0.5m and connected to the main earth bar. Note: It is especially important to ensure that there is bare electrode under the operators standing position especially if metallic sheathed cables are replaced with plastic cables (even short lengths) during a switchgear change. One or two substantial earth rods connected to the buried earth electrode or the main earth bar. Bonding of all equipment to the main earth bar. If a metallic fence and/or gates are present the requirements of Section 8.3.2 shall also be applied. Some typical examples are shown in Figure 7-7. If just the LV pillar is being replaced the installation of a buried electrode system is unlikely to be practical but the pillar shall be bonded to the main earth bar. The more equipment alterations and associated excavations that are taking place, the more the earthing can be improved until a stage is reached where it is close to one of the standard arrangements shown in the previous sections.
1 1 Transformer Transformer 2 3 RMU 3 1 1 1
HV Switchgear
Transformer LV
RMU
LV Pillar
LV Pillar
(a) Switchgear Replacement Only
(b) Switchgear and Transformer Replacement
(c) Switchgear, Transformer and LV Replacement
1 - 1.2 m earth rods connected to the buried electrode 2 - Buried bare copper earth electrode ring around and the switchgear and any other equipment 3 - Buried bare copper earth electrode in front of the switchgear where an operator stands when using the switchgear 4 - Connection to equipment earth terminal
Figure 7-7 Typical Earthing associated with Asset Replacement
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Earthing Requirements
This section details the general earthing requirements for all new and modified earthing installations. If combined HV/LV earthing is installed then the requirements in Sections 8.1 to 8.5 shall apply. The HV and LV earthing should be bonded together as described in Section 8.5. If it has been determined that segregated HV and LV earthing is to be installed then the requirements of Section 8.6 shall also apply in addition to section 8.1 to 8.5. 8.1 General
The theft of copper earthing continues to be a significant national problem. Therefore the earthing system shall be designed to ensure that it is secure and not vulnerable to theft. To aid this aluminium conductor or tape shall be used for all above ground earthing wherever appropriate and practicable. All earth connections shall be connected to the main transformer/switchgear earth terminal or a dedicated earth bar and not the HV earth bar within the LV cabinet/pillar for the following reasons: To enable UK Power Networks to easily determine if the earthing is intact when entering the substation as access to the LV cabinet/pillar is not always available. To enable the earth resistance to be correctly measured in the future using a clamp-ontype meter. 8.2 Electrode System
The earth electrode system shall provide the basic functional earthing for the site so that it is SAFE without any contribution from the network to which it is to be connected. The earth electrode system shall therefore consist of the following: Bare copper earth electrodes using the minimum sizes specified in Table 8-1. A ring of earth electrode buried around the perimeter of the substation (or alternatively buried around the inside perimeter of the substation) at a depth of 500-600mm. A minimum of two earth rods installed on two corners of the substation (or alternatively internally) and connected to the outer ring. Two connections from the outer ring onto the main transformer/switchgear earth terminal or dedicated substation earth bar. An earth electrode passing underneath any switchgear or LV operating position and connected to the outer electrode. This may be omitted if it can be shown that rebar (or equivalent) is providing this function. Connections to the rebar or reinforcement mesh. Note: The rebar shall not extend where it might be within 2m of LV metalwork or other earthed metalwork if the substation is HOT. Additional electrode and rods, as necessary, to enable the required earth resistance to be achieved.
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Table 8-1 Earth Electrodes Function HV Earth Electrode Fault Level Up to 8kA Up to 12kA Up to 15kA Earth Rod Electrode Any Bare Copper Stranded Cable 70mm
2 2 2 2 2
Bare Copper Tape 25mm x 3mm 25mm x 4mm 25mm x 6mm
120mm (or 2 x 70mm ) 120mm (or 2 x 70mm )

2
1m or 1.2m 16mm copper clad rods
8.3 8.3.1
Bonding Equipment
All current carrying items of equipment including the HV switchgear, LV pillar/cabinet/board and LV ACB shall be bonded to the transformer (or switchgear) earth terminal using an independent connection. The minimum size of the bonding conductors is detailed in Table 8-2.
Table 8-2 Bonding Conductors Function Any Fault Level Up to 8kA Up to 12kA Up to 15kA Above Ground Bonding Up to 8kA Up to 15kA PVC Covered Stranded Cable 70mm Copper 120mm (or 2 x 70mm ) Copper 120mm (or 2 x 70mm ) Copper 120mm Aluminium 240mm Aluminium
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Tape 25mm x 3mm Copper 25mm x 4mm Copper 25mm x 6mm Copper 25mm x 6mm Aluminium 40mm x 6mm Aluminium
All other non-current carrying items of equipment (e.g. control units, RTUs, battery chargers etc.) shall be bonded to the main earth terminal using a minimum of 35mm2 PVC covered aluminium cable, 16mm2 PVC covered stranded copper cable or equivalent8. 8.3.2 Metallic Fences, Gates and Doors
The general rule for metallic substation fences, gates and doors is that they shall be bonded to the HV earth at all times, unless: The fence, gate or door is situated more than 2m from any item of equipment or other earthed metalwork bonded to the HV earth, or A barrier exists sufficient to prevent simultaneous contact between the fence/gate/door and the other earthed metalwork. The site is HOT, in which case the fences, gates and doors can be a shock risk to those outside the substation. Grading electrodes or independent earthing is required in such situations as described below. Alternatively the fence could be replaced with a nonmetallic one. Note: Due to the small size of most secondary substations, metallic fences, gates and doors will nearly always be within 2m of the equipment and this approach should be adopted in most cases.
Minimum conductor sizes taken from BS EN 50522 while ENA TS 41-24 is being revised.
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If a fence, gate or door is not bonded to the HV earth for the reasons described above, it shall be provided with an electrode system sufficient to eliminate stray voltages. This should consist of one or more rod electrodes, adjacent to the fence, gate or door. 8.3.2.1 Metallic Fences If a metallic fence is installed within 2m of accessible earthed equipment (whether the site is HOT or otherwise): It shall be connected to the HV earth; and A grading electrode of 70mm2 bare copper cable or 25mm x 4mm bare copper tape shall as a minimum be installed under the fence line, or just inside (or outside), ideally at a depth of 500mm (300mm minimum) and connected to the fence; this is to protect staff and the public from dangerous touch potentials. Ideally, and if practicable the grading electrode should be installed outside the fence at a distance of 300-500mm away from the fence (in some situations the designer will specify an outside grading electrode, in which case an electrode underneath or inside the fence line is unacceptable). Each metallic gate shall be bonded to the gatepost using flexible 16mm2 PVC covered stranded copper cable or tinned copper braid. Each pair of gateposts shall be bonded together using flexible 16mm 2 PVC covered copper cable.
To HV Earth
Gate
Gate
To HV Earth
Fence within 2m of Equipment
Fence more than 2m of away Equipment
Fence grading buried electrode - 70mm2 bare stranded copper conductor or 25mm2 x 4mm bare copper tape Gate post bonding - 35mm2 aluminium or 16mm2 copper PVC covered stranded cable Gate bonding - 35mm2 aluminium or 16mm2 copper PVC covered stranded cable or 16mm2 tinned copper braid 1m fence earth rods
Figure 8-1 Metallic Fence Earthing Examples
If metallic fencing is installed more than 2m away from the equipment or other earthed metalwork, or the metalwork is completely contained in GRP or brick enclosure (and
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therefore not accessible9), the fencing shall not be connected to the HV earth. Instead a single earth rod shall be installed at each corner fence/gate post and connected to the fence to eliminate stray voltages. At larger sites additional earth rods shall be installed at 5m intervals, 1m either side of any overhead line crossing and connected to the fence. Note: Where the substation fence is bonded to the HV earth no other metallic fencing or conducting material shall be abutted to the fence or within 2 metres of it. Otherwise this will export the EPR from the site to a point which may be far remote from the substation where it will be impossible to protect against dangerous touch potentials. Insulating fence panels or stand-off insulators can be used to achieve this requirement. Metallic third party fences should not be within simultaneous touching distance (2m) of metalwork/fences connected to the HV earth. If necessary a floating (isolated) section of fence should be introduced outside the substation boundary. If this is not practicable then specialist advice should be sought. 8.3.2.2 Metallic Doors If metallic doors are installed within 2m of equipment or other earthed metalwork: A loop of 70mm2 bare copper cable or 25mm x 3mm bare copper tape shall as a minimum be installed directly under the door at a depth of 300mm to 500mm. If practicable it should be outside the door, 1m from the door front and 500mm beyond each door frame as shown below. Each end of the loop shall be connected to the existing HV electrode using bare copper conductor. The complete loop shall be covered with a 100mm thickness of concrete to provide protection against damage or theft. Alternatively, a steel or copper mesh may be installed in concrete at a depth of 200mm to 300mm, covering the same area as above. Each metallic door shall be bonded to the framework using flexible 16mm2 PVC covered stranded copper cable or tinned copper braid. The door framework shall be bonded to the HV earth using 35mm2 PVC covered aluminium cable or 16mm2 PVC covered copper cable.
To Main Earth
1m
HV earth electrode Loop of 70mm2 bare copper conductor or 25mm x 4mm bare copper tape minimum buried 300-500mm below ground level
Metallic Doors
16mm2 PVC covered stranded copper cable or tinned copper braid 35mm2 PVC covered stranded aluminium cable or16mm2 PVC covered stranded copper cable
500mm
To Main Earth
Figure 8-2 Metallic Door Earthing
If metallic doors are installed more than 2m away from the equipment they shall not be connected to the HV earth. Instead a 1m driven earth rod shall be installed at each door hinge post and connected to the post to eliminate stray voltages.
In assessing this requirement, thought should be given to metalwork that is accessible when the substation doors are open; if a 2m separation cannot be maintained on the door side of the GRP/b rick enclosure then it will be necessary to bond the fence to HV steelwork to prevent dangerous hand-hand touch voltages.
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8.3.2.3 Fence, Gate and Door Replacement The requirements of the previous sections also apply to fence, gate and door replacement; however Figure 8-3 provides a more pragmatic approach that is more suited to replacement at existing substations. Care should be exercised when replacing wooden fencing with a metallic type (e.g. Pallisade, Expamet, 358 etc) since its bonding requirements are more onerous, and it is unlikely that a fence earthing system will exist. It is not sufficient simply to replace wooden panelling with metallic, nor is it sufficient to merely bond metallic fence panels together above ground without a buried electrode system. Note: Metallic fences even if painted or powder coated shall be considered as bare metal unless covered in an approved insulated coating that will not degrade over time.
4 3 2 Gate 3 4 1 5
1 - Earth grading electrode either directly underneath the fence line (or just inside fence), ideally at a depth of 500mm (300mm minimum) below ground level (not the level of any shingle) and connected to each fence post - 70mm2 bare stranded copper conductor or 25mm2 x 4mm bare copper tape 2 - Bond between gate posts - 35mm2 aluminium or 16mm2 copper PVC covered stranded cable 3 - Bond between gate and gate posts - 35mm2 aluminium or 16mm2 copper PVC covered stranded cable or 16mm2 tinned copper braid 4 - Connection to the HV earth or main earth terminal in two places 5 - Ensure that no other metallic fencing or conducting material is within 2m of the substation fence
Figure 8-3 Typical Earthing associated with Fence and Gate Replacement
8.3.3
Ancillary Metalwork
All other exposed and normally un-energised metalwork inside the substation perimeter (e.g. ventilation ducts, staircases etc) within 2m of other earthed metalwork shall be bonded to the main earth using 35mm2 PVC covered aluminium cable, 16mm2 PVC covered copper cable or equivalent to avoid any potential differences between different items of metalwork10. Note: Metal frames and other metallic parts that form part of a GRP enclosure may be excluded.
10
Minimum conductor sizes taken from BS EN 50522 while ENA TS 41-24 is being revised.
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8.3.4
Ducting and Ventilation Shafts
Metallic ducts and ventilation shafts passing through indoor secondary substations provide an electrical path between the inside and outside of the substation. If they are bonded to the HV earth, they could transfer voltage outside the substation zone and may pose a risk to the general public. Generally it is impractical to install measures to control touch and step voltages where these vents emerge. Therefore one of the following approaches, in order of preference11, shall be taken to minimise risk to the public: Bond the ducts and ventilation shafts to the HV earth (unless the site is HOT), and install them such that they are out of reach where they emerge from the substation. To achieve this they shall be higher than 3m above ground or other foothold. Leave the ducts and ventilation shafts un-bonded, and install them such that there is no possibility of other metalwork (e.g. opening doors) making contact with the ducts or vents and no possibility of a simultaneous touch contact between the ducts and the HV equipment that is normally operated. As a further precaution a warning label can be installed. Use insulated ducts. 8.4 Cables
All HV cable earth screens shall be bonded to the transformer or switchgear earth terminal. All LV cables shall be bonded as follows: CNE cables - the outer sheath of the cable shall be connected to the neutral bar in the LV pillar/cabinet in accordance with Section 4 of the LV Cable Jointing manual. SNE cables - the outer sheath and armouring shall be bonded together and connected to the neutral bar in the LV pillar/cabinet/board. The neutral conductor shall be connected to the neutral bar in the LV pillar/cabinet/board in accordance with Section 4 of the LV Cable Jointing manual. 8.5 Combined HV/LV Earths
At COLD sites an LV electrode is not required. The LV neutral/earth link in the LV cabinet, pillar or board, that bonds the LV neutral/earth to the substation HV earth, shall be in place so that the HV and LV earths are combined.
11
The risk to the public can be reduced by leaving the ducts and ventilation shafts un-bonded. However this may introduce a touch potential risk to staff inside the substation since the ducts and vents may act as a remote earth and will therefore be at a different potential to HV earth during fault conditions; the risk is the occurrence of an HV fault while staff are on site and bridging a gap between the HV earth and the duct. This risk is thought to be extremely small and is outweighed by the risk to public which may occur if the systems are bonded. It is likely that duct fans etc or other fortuitous contact will provide connection to the LV earth in any case,
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8.6
Additional Requirements for HOT Sites
If the substation has an EPR greater than 430V it shall be classified as HOT and the additional requirements detailed in this section shall be applied where necessary. Extra care is required to ensure that all earthed metalwork is more than 2m from any other metalwork and that separate HV and LV earths are not inadvertently combined. 8.6.1 LV Earth
A segregated LV earth electrode shall be: Selected to provide a resistance of 20 or less. Segregated from any HV electrode by at least 8m. Installed under an LV main cable in the cable trench wherever practicable to enhance its security. Connected to the LV neutral bar in the LV pillar/cabinet using 70mm2 PVC covered copper conductor (also laid under an LV main cable) in accordance with the LV Cable Jointing manual. Note: If an existing substation with metallic sheathed HV and LV cables is being replaced with a new one it may not be possible to segregate the HV and LV earthing and further work is required to achieve a COLD site 8.6.2 Neutral-Earth Link
The HV/LV neutral-earth link shall be removed. 8.6.3 Warning Notices for Segregated Earths
Where the HV and LV earths are segregated, warning labels as detailed in ECS 06-0023 shall be installed next to the neutral-earth connection and on the site as required. 8.6.4 Lighting and Socket Supplies
Care shall also be taken with lighting and socket supplies to avoid operator contact between different earthing systems. Therefore at HOT sites: Metallic light switches, 13A sockets and conduits shall not be installed within 2m of any metalwork bonded to the HV earth. 13A sockets shall be disconnected or removed from LV fuse cabinets, LV pillars and LV boards. RTU supplies shall be provided via an isolation transformer with a 5kV insulation rating. ECS 06-0023 contains further details on the practicalities of carrying this out on site. 8.6.5 Street Lighting Columns
Where possible HOT new substations shall not be installed within 2m of street lighting columns. However where this is impractical the columns shall be earthed via a separate earth rod installed adjacent to the column and shall not use the neutral/earth of a PME service.
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Special Situations
This section provides further details on specific earthing circumstances that may be encountered when designing secondary substation earthing. Substation refurbishment and asset replacement/enhancement (Section 9.1.1). Supplies to/from HOT sites (see Section 9.1.2 and 9.1.3). Secondary substations associated with higher voltage substations (Section 9.1.4). Substations near livestock/horses or other high risk locations e.g. outdoor swimming pools, showers, zoos, locations where footwear is not worn etc (Section 9.1.4). Supplies to mobile phone masts (Section 9.1.4). Substations located near tower lines (Section 9.1.7). Substations located near railways (Section 9.1.8). Substations located near to telephone exchanges (Section 9.1.9). IDNO substations (Section 9.1.10). HV generator connections (Section 9.1.11). Customers lightning protection (Section 9.1.12). 9.1.1 Substation Refurbishment and Asset Replacement/Enhancement
When work is carried out at substations, e.g. civil refurbishment, asset replacement or enhancement, the earthing shall be reviewed, and brought in line with current requirements; however the earthing enhancement should be proportional to the actual work being carried out and be practical to install. The earthing should, where possible, be based around the standard arrangements detailed in Section 7 (Section 7.1.6 includes some specific examples of earthing enhancement during asset replacement at outdoor substations). If lead sheathed cables are being replaced with polymeric types, any decommissioned lead cables should be retained if possible and bonded to the earthing system since these may make an important contribution to the reduction of earth resistance and EPR at the site. 9.1.2 Supplies to National Grid and HOT Sites
For supplies to HOT sites and all National Grid sites refer to EDS 08-0121 before carrying out the earthing design to determine a suitable supply arrangement. 9.1.3 Supplies from HOT Sites
Generally supplies shall not be taken from a HOT site. However Figure 9-1 shows a typical arrangement which may be used, with care, to provide an LV supply from a HOT secondary substation provided the EPR does not exceed 2kV. The LV earth electrode shall be installed outside the HOT zone area. The LV cable and LV earth cable shall be PVC covered and installed in an insulated duct (both rated to withstand the maximum EPR of the site) inside the HOT zone. Note: A 650V sheath withstand may be assumed for PVC covered cables in the absence of manufacturers data.
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Any outgoing LV metallic sheathed/armoured cables shall, at the substation end, be isolated from the substation metalwork and insulated to prevent touch contact or contact with the soil, for the length of their passage through the HOT zone. Also refer to Section 9.1.2.
HV Network
HOT Zone Insulated Duct/ Cable Sheaths

8m
LV Supplies Outside HOT Zone LV Earth
HV Earth
HV Network
Figure 9-1 LV Supply from a HOT Site using an Insulating Duct and a Remote Earth 9.1.4 Supplies to Higher Voltage Substations
Generally, when designing the earthing arrangements for a secondary substation sited within, adjacent to or supplying any higher voltage substation the secondary substation earthing system can be an integral part of the higher voltage substation earthing system. The standard earthing arrangements for new grid and primary substations detailed in EDS 06-0013 include a provision for a secondary substation. A number of acceptable arrangements are shown in Figure 9-2. However, if the site to be supplied is HOT refer to Section 9.1.2.
HOT Higher Voltage Site COLD Higher Voltage Site COLD Higher Voltage Site
Site LV Supply Site LV Supply Site Supplies Only HV/LV Earth HV/LV Earth Other LV Supplies HV/LV Earth Other LV Supplies
HV Network
HV Network
HV Network
Figure 9-2 Options for Supplies to High Voltage Substations from Secondary Substations 9.1.5 Substations near Livestock/Horses or other High Risk Locations
Substations near livestock/horses or other high risk locations e.g. outdoor swimming pools, showers, zoos, locations where footwear is not worn etc shall be avoided if possible. If unavoidable, the electrode system shall be located away from where humans and animals are likely to be and shall be installed at a minimum depth of 1m and separated from any of the above by a minimum of 1m.
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9.1.6
Mobile Phone Base Stations Associated with Transmission Towers
For supplies to mobile phone base stations mounted on 132kV, 275kV or 400kV transmission towers refer to EDS 02-0030 before carrying out the earthing design. 9.1.7 Substations Located Near Tower Lines
Secondary substations shall, where possible, not be situated within 50m of a 400kV, 275kV or 132kV tower. However if the substation is situated within 50m of a tower the earthing system requires special consideration and an earthing specialist should be employed to calculate the transfer voltage from the tower line. 9.1.8 Substations Located Near Railways
Substations located near railways may require isolation transformers to guard against export voltages or DC leakage. These are beyond the scope of this standard and advice from an earthing specialist shall be sought (refer to EDS 06-0001). For further information on LV supplies to railway installations refer to EDS 06-0017. 9.1.9 Substations Located Near Telephone Exchanges
If the substation is HOT and within 10m of a telephone exchange the telecommunication company shall be informed and the appropriate information provided. For further guidance refer to EDS 06-0002 (internal) or ENA ER S36 (external). 9.1.10 IDNO Substations
Independent Distribution Network Operator (IDNO) substations shall be designed to the standards detailed in this document and IDNOs shall be encouraged to use the standard arrangements and design a COLD site wherever possible. However UK Power Networks cannot insist that the site is COLD or whether combined/segregated LV earth is used as UK Power Networks is not responsible for the substation or the LV network but the substation must be safe for UK Power Networks staff to enter and operate in and this shall be demonstrated in the design submission. For further guidance on IDNOs and inset networks refer to EDS 08-0113. 9.1.11 HV Generator Connections
For requirements for embedded or distributed generators refer to EDS 08-0106 before carrying out the earthing design. 9.1.12 Customers Lightning Protection
Lightning protection is covered by BS EN 62305 (protection against lightning). BS EN 62305-3 Section 5.4.1 specifies that the resistance of the lightning protection system should not exceed 10 and that it is preferable to have a single integrated earthing system. Therefore provided the customer's lightning system does not exceed 10 it should be connected to the UK Power Networks earthing system provided that the site is not HOT. Care is required if a customers lightning earth system is close to, but segregated from UK Power Networks earthing system as a metal-metal touch voltage risk can arise. For further information refer to EDS 06-0017.
UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved 37 of 44
10
10.1 10.1.1
Earthing Design Assessment

External Connection Providers Overview
External connection providers shall provide an earthing arrangement drawing and supporting earthing design report as detailed in Sections 10.1.2 and 10.1.3 to enable UK Power Networks to assess a secondary substation earthing design. Note: The earthing design report may be included on the earthing drawing for standard arrangements with the agreement of UK Power Networks. Substations that do not meet the minimum requirements specified in this standard may be unsafe and will not be granted design approval. 10.1.2 Earthing Drawing
An earthing arrangement drawing shall include as a minimum: Substation layout. Main earth electrode(s) and depth. Additional earth electrode required to obtain the earth resistance value. Earth rods. Rebar connections. All bonding to equipment, metalwork etc. Type and sizes of earth electrode, earth rods, bonding conductors etc. Warning labels. Site boundary and the position of any metallic fencing, street furniture or other metallic buildings or structures. 10.1.3 Earthing Report
The earthing design report shall include as a minimum: Soil resistivity. Value of required earth resistance. Earth potential rise (EPR) calculations. Touch and step voltage calculations. Details of any additional precautions that are required. 10.1.4 Further Information
For further information on earthing design refer to the following national standards: ENA TS 41-24, ENA ER S34 and BS EN 50522. 10.2 UK Power Networks
A form to assist UK Power Networks designers with the assessment of a secondary substation earthing design is included in Appendix D.
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11
References
LV supplies to Mobile Phone Base Stations Mounted on 132, 275 and 400kV Towers (internal document only) Earthing Standard HOT Site Requirements (internal document only) Earthing Design Criteria Grid and Primary Substation Earthing Design Pole-mounted Equipment Earthing Design LV Network Earthing Design Customer Installation Earthing Design NetMap Earthing Maps (internal document only) Secondary Distribution Network Earthing Construction New Distributed Generation Connections Inset Networks Supplies to HOT Sites and National Grid Sites Fault Level Data (internal document only) Requirements for the Application of Protective Multiple Earthing to Low Voltage Networks Guidelines for the Design, Installation, Testing and Maintenance of Main Earthing Systems in Substations A Guide for Assessing the Rise of Earth Potential at Substation Sites Procedure to Identify and Record HOT Substations Earthing of Power Installations Exceeding 1kV AC Protection against Lightning
EDS 02-0030
EDS 06-0001 EDS 06-0002 EDS 06-0012 EDS 06-0013 EDS 06-0015 EDS 06-0016 EDS 06-0017 EDS 06-0018 ECS 06-0023 EDS 08-0106 EDS 08-0113 EDS 08-0121 EDS 08-0134 ENA ER G1212
ENA TS 41-2412
ENA ER S3412 ENA ER S3612 BS EN 50522 BS EN 62305
12
Available from www.energynetworks.org.
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Appendix A UK Power Networks Supporting Data

Table A-1 Data Sources for Earthing Design Calculations Data Source substation earth fault current Secondary substation earth fault current Source substation earth resistance Source substation classification (HOT or COLD) Circuit details Source protection details Secondary substation soil resistivity UK Power Networks Source Refer to EDS 08-0134 Refer to EDS 08-0134 Substation Earthing Database (refer to EDS 06-0002) or use 0.5 if no measured value available Substation Earthing Database (refer to EDS 06-0002) NetMap Ellipse NetMap (refer to EDS 06-0018)
14 13
Table A-2 Resistances Values for Standard Secondary Substation Earthing Arrangements Soil Type Typical Soil Resistivity (m) 01 Loam Chalk Clay Clay/Sand/ Gravel Mix 25 or less 50 or less 100 or less 150 or less 200 or less 300 or less Slate/Shale/ Rock 500 or less 2.6 5.1 10.2 15.3 20.5 30.7 51.2
15
Resistance of Standard Substation Arrangements () EDS 07-0102 Drawing Numbers 02-04 3.1 6.2 12.4 18.6 24.7 37.1 61.8 05-06 2.2 4.3 8.7 13 17.4 26.1 43.5 07-08 2.1 4.2 8.4 12.6 16.8 25.3 42.1 10 2.6 5.2 10.4 15.5 20.7 31 51.7 11 2.4 4.8 9.5 14.3 19.1 28.6 47.7 12 2.4 4.7 9.4 14.1 18.8 28.2 47.1 13 2.3 4.6 9.2 13.8 18.4 27.6 46 16 2.5 5 10.1 15.1 20.2 30.2 50.4
13 14
For external connection providers this information is available via your UK Power Networks nominated contact UK Power Networks maintains a Substation Earthing Database which is available from the UK Power Networks Intranet (Applications > Reporting Centre > Substation Earthing Database) and contains the classification of all grid and primary substations together with any available earthing related data. Refer to EDS 06-0002 for further information. 15 The resistance values given are for the standalone substation electrode only are unlikely to be low enough to give a COLD site. In most cases additional electrode will be required to provide a lower value of earth resistance.
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Table A-3 Touch and Step Voltages for Standard Secondary Substation Earthing Arrangements Type Voltages for Standard Substation Arrangements (expressed as % of EPR) EDS 07-0102 Drawing Numbers 01 Touch Step 27.5 23 02-04 40 18.2 05-06 35 22 07-08 38 22.6 10 23 21.6 11 24 21.1 12 27 19.5 13 26 19.9 16 30 22.3
Table A-4 Summary of Touch Voltages Related to EPR (for chippings) for Standard Substation Arrangements based on the Limits in Table A-5 Substation Design (EDS 07-0102 drawing) Voltage (% of 16 EPR) Touch Standard GRP (01) Fully-bunded GRP (02-04) HV Metering GRP (16) Small Brick-built (18) Brick-built (05-06) Integral (07-08) Compact (10) Micro (11) Outdoor RMU (12) Outdoor Micro (13) 27.5 40 30 40 35 38 23 24 27 26 Step 23 18.2 19.5 18.2 22 22.6 21.6 21.1 19.5 19.9 Max allowable EPR @ 0.6s Fault Clearance (V) Touch 1055 725 967 725 829 763 1261 1208 1074 1115 Step 4261 5385 4395 5385 4455 4336 4537 4645 5026 4925 Max allowable EPR @ 1s Fault Clearance (V) Touch 727 500 667 500 571 526 870 833 741 769 Step 2783 3516 2870 3516 2909 2832 2963 3033 3282 3216
16
The touch and step voltages have been determined from the voltage contours shown in Appendix F and the selected value is based on the highest contour within 1 metre from any earthed metalwork.
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Table A-5 Maximum Acceptable Touch Voltages (based on ENA TS 41-24 Figure 2) Fault Clearance Time (s) Touch Voltage (V) 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1030 760 480 290 240 195 170 155 150 Soil Step Voltage (V) 3200 2350 1500 890 670 535 500 470 450 Chippings (75mm- 150mm) Touch Voltage (V) 1400 1000 650 380 290 250 230 210 200 Step Voltage (V) 4600 3400 2200 1280 980 815 750 700 640
Table A-6 Protection Operation Time Protection Characteristic Instantaneous (INST) Definite Time (DT) IDMT SI Protection Operation Time 0 The specified operating time
0.14 If
0.02
tm 1 tm 1 tm 1
where: If = Earth fault current (A) Is = Earth fault current setting (A) tm = Earth fault time setting The protection settings are available from CDL
Is 80
2
IDMT EI
If
IDMT VI
Is 13.5
If
Is
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Appendix B Typical Electrode Systems

Table B-1 shows various options for achieving HV and LV earth resistance values. Note: NetMap also contains earthing maps showing the earthing requirements to achieve 1, 10 and 20 earths (refer to EDS 06-0018).
Table B-1 1, 10 and 20 Earth Electrode Values Typical Soil Type/Soil Resistivity Loam Chalk Clay 25m 50m 100m <150m Sand, Gravel, Clay mix <200m >200m Slate, Shale, Rock 1 Earth Resistance (a) 6 x 6m 13 x 6m 34 x 4.8m (b) 11 x 2.4m 27 x 2.4m 60 x 2.4m 10 Earth Resistance (a) 1 x 2.4m 1 x 6.0m 3 x 4.8m 4 x 4.8m 5 x 4.8m (b) 1 x 2.4m 2 x 2.4m 4 x 2.4m 7 x 2.4m 9 x 2.4m 20 Earth Resistance (a) 1 x 1.2m 1 x 2.4m 2 x 4.8m 2 x 4.8m 3 x 4.8m (b) 1 x 2.4m 1 x 2.4m 2 x 2.4m 3 x 2.4m 4 x 2.4m
Site specific design required Site specific design required
Site specific design required
500m
Site specific design required Deep-driven Vertical and Horizontal Electrodes

5m
Column (a) denotes
Each deep-driven vertical electrode comprises of 1.2m rods coupled together to form the final vertical length e.g. 4.8m = 4 x 1.2m. Where there is more than one 17 rod required, the spacing between them is 5m . The top of each electrode shall be at a minimum depth of 0.6m below ground level Short Vertical and Horizontal Electrodes Each short-vertical electrode comprises of 1.2m rods coupled together to form the final vertical length e.g. 2.4m = 2 x 1.2m. Where there is more than 1 rod 17 required, the spacing between them is 3m . The top of each electrode shall be at a minimum depth of 0.6m below ground level
Column (b) denotes
1.2 - 6m
3m
17
To obtain the maximum effect from the rods the horizontal separation should be twice the length of the rod; however uniform distances are quoted to make installation easier. UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved 43 of 44
2.4m
Appendix C Earthing Design Form

An earthing design form is available as a separate document EDS 06-0014C. The earthing design form should be completed by the designer/planning engineer and added to the work package with the appropriate drawings.
Appendix D Earthing Design Assessment Form

An earthing design assessment form is available as a separate document EDS 06-0014D (internal document only future issue).
Appendix E Secondary Substation Earthing Design Tool

A secondary substation earthing design tool for use by UK Power Networks is available via Citrix and can be requested via iAssist on the UK Power Networks Intranet. A user guide is available as a separate document EDS 06-0014E (internal document only).
Appendix F Earthing Design Example

An earthing design case study is available as a separate document EDS 06-0014F (internal document only future issue).
Appendix G Standard Secondary Substation Arrangement Voltage Profiles

The voltage profiles including the touch and step voltages for the standard substation designs are available as a separate document EDS 06-0014G (internal document only).
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Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.

ENGINEERING DESIGN STANDARD

SECONDARY SUBSTATION EARTHING DESIGN

Version 2.0 1.2 1.1 1.0

Date 01/03/2013 03/08/2011 11/01/2011 31/03/2008

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

Provided the HV protection operates within 1 second.

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

Refer to EDS 06-0015

COLD Site Use combined HV/LV earth connected to site earth

Joint site with customer?

Earth fault current <1500A? Yes

Carry out detailed earthing design

Source substation HOT? No

Determine electrode and other earthing requirements

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

Step 3 Detailed Design (if required) Overview

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

Employ earthing specialist to carry out design

Obtain soil resistivity

Obtain circuit details

Determine secondary substation earth resistance

Calculate required resistance to limit EPR to less than 430V

Calculate touch voltage

Transfer voltage > 430V?

Determine electrode and other earthing requirements

Figure 6-2 Earthing Design Procedure Flowchart

UK Power Networks 2013 All rights reserved

Secondary Substation Earthing Design

Document Number: EDS 06-0014 Version: 2.0 Date: 18/03/2013

Secondary 11kV/415V Substation

Igr11kV EPR11kV = Igr11kV x Rsecsub

Figure 6-3 Fault Current Path for Cables