ISL WEEK 2 1. What is the meaning of instructional media?

Instructional media encompasses all the materials and physical means an instructor might use to implement instruction and facilitate students' achievement of instructional objectives. This may include traditional materials such as chalkboards, handouts, charts, slides, overheads, real objects, and videotape or film, as well newer materials and methods such as computers, DVDs, CD-ROMs, the Internet, and interactive video conferencing. file:///D:/cd%20pismp/t-pdk/instructional_media.htm The materials that teachers use to teach and students use to learn (for example, printed text, digitized text, speech, images). When individual forms of instructional media (text, video, audio) are combined to represent information in multiple ways they are called multimedia. http://www.cast.org/teachingeverystudent/sitewide/glossarymain.cfm?g_term=instr uctional%20media

2. What are the characteristics of instructional media? Refers to: http://cde.athabascau.ca/online_book/ch6.html http://eddy.nps.edu/IDDR/media/mediaElements.html (Media Elements) 3. What are the types of instructional media? Real objects and models Printed text (books, hand-outs, worksheets) Printed visuals (pictures, photos, drawings, charts, graphs) Display boards (chalk, bulletin, multipurpose) Interactive whiteboards Overhead transparencies Slides and filmstrips Audio (tape, disc, voice) Video and film (tape, disc) Television (live) Computer software The Web 4. List out the impacts of instructional media in T&L process. Support one or more of the following instructional activities: Gain attention; A picture on the screen, a question on the board, or music playing as students enter the room all serve to get the students attention. Recall prerequisites; Use media to help students recall what they learned in the last class, so that new material can be attached to and built upon it. Present objectives to the learners; Hand out or project the days learning objectives. Present new content; Not only can media help make new content more memorable, media can also help deliver new content (a text, movie, or video).

ISL WEEK 2 Support learning through examples and visual elaboration; One of the biggest advantages of media is to bring the world into the classroom when it is not possible to take the student into the world Elicit student response; Present information to students and pose questions to them, getting them involved in answering the questions. Provide feedback; Media can be used to provide feedback relating to a test or class exercise. Enhance retention and transfer; Pictures enhance retention. Instructional media help students visualize a lesson and transfer abstract concepts into concrete, easier to remember objects. Assess performance; Media is an excellent way to pose assessment questions for the class to answer, or students can submit mediated presentations as classroom projects.

5. List out the importance/roles of instructional media in T&L process. Assist teacher in T&L through the use of media Replacing the absence teacher during T&L Project Based Learning Media in special education Media in distance learning Media in learning folio Media in disseminating knowledge through ICT etc.

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6) GRAPHIC ORGANIZER: INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA CLASSIFICATION

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2. MEDIA ELEMENTS Thoughtfully designed instructional media can support and enhance student learning. To help you think about what media you might want to use, we have listed examples of media types as well as some basic characteristics and guidelines for each category. MEDIA SELECTION TABLE: Graphics GRAPHICS Examples

Instructional Qualities

Some Useful Guidelines

Photographs Drawings/Illustrations Charts/Graphs 3D Graphics Logos, icons, banners and symbolic elements

Provides the needed level of detailed information Builds accurate mental models Represents relationships graphically (eg. theories, cause/effect, etc.) Illustrates processes, flows, and structures Displays mathematical and scientific concepts Shows holistic picture (the big picture) Provides visual cues Engages learners through appealing visuals

Use contrast to support visual cues Reinforce key concepts Display only relevant, essential elements to maintain student focus Keep decorative graphics to minimum Keep graphics in close proximity to related content

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PROGRAMMED INTERACTIONS Examples

Instructional Qualities

Some Useful Guidelines

Animations Interactive Tutorials Tools (eg. drawing, displaying concepts, student aids, etc.) Drag and Drop media Calculators Scenarios Games & Simulations Self-checks & Assessments

Illustrates steps, stages, and phases Provides authentic and relevant experiences Allows for experimentation Engages the learner Allows for practice in controlled environment Provides feedback to learners Gives learner control and choice Facilitates learner reflection

Keep focused on learning goals Facilitate clear learning paths Allow for learner pacing Eliminate irrelevant information and interactions Clean design for easy learner focus Provide learner support tools, feedback, and visual and textual cues

Or a combination of any of the above

AUDIO Examples

Instructional Qualities

Some Useful Guidelines

Podcast Narrated lectures Student presentations Interviews and guest speakers Synchronous audio conferencing Music and sound effects

Appeals to aural learners Stimulates mental conceptualization and learner imagination Humanizes and personalizes student-instructor interaction Adds credibility/authority to the presentation Provides audio cues Focuses student attention Effective use of learners time

Prepare notes and scripts before recording (rehearse as needed) Keep it relevant and concise Be mindful of pacing and duration Divide the audio content into meaningful chunks Provide learner with playback control

Consult with an instructional designer for good recording techniques.

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VIDEO Examples

Instructional Qualities

Some Useful Guidelines

Vodcast Recorded lectures Student presentations Interviews and guest speakers Stock video Movies and TV programs Recorded webcasts Synchronous and recorded webcam video Desktop recordings and screen captures

Demonstrates processes, procedures, and behaviors that can be difficult to describe Provides real world context Broadens the capacity to present information in rich format Offers a sensory rich experience Appeals to visual learners Motivates learners Compresses or expands time for big/little picture view

Obtain copyright and permissions Be mindful of pacing and duration Keep it relevant and avoid distracting footage Keep visual effects to a minimum (eg. transitions, flyins, etc.) Create audio script before considering visuals for video Align visual content with accompanying audio Prepare notes and scripts before recording (rehearse as needed) Provide learner with playback control Suggested video file format for the web is the FLV format (Flash video) because of its small file size and widely available Flash player.

ISL WEEK 2 7) TASK: As a teacher, principle, or the parent of a child with a disability, you are working together to create an ideal instructional plan for a class of 20 students. Your instructional plan will: Be for a 50 minute lesson. Incorporate methods of instruction suitable for all children in the class including those with a disability or learning difference Use the ASSURE Model Use the template below as guidance.

ISL WEEK 2 ASSURE Model Instructional Plan (Note: Delete purple text before submitting your instructional plan!) Lesson Title Teachers Name Grade Content Area Lesson Length (Total Time) *Note: Table cells will expand when text is added. Analyze Learners For Example: Number of Students No. of Males/Females Age Range Mental, Social, Physical, Social Notes such as: o Disabilities o Learning Differences o Cultural/Ethnic Notes o Etc. 5. Current Knowledge, Prerequisites, and Notes about Learner Attitudes 6. Learning Styles (Estimate % of Students) o Visual o Auditory (Aural) o Kinesthetic (Hands On) Other State Objectives ABCDs of strong objectives are included: A Action B Behavior C Condition D Degree Select Media, Materials, and Methods All media and materials needed for the lesson are listed, and are lesson appropriate. 1. 2. 3. 4.

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Utilize Media, Materials, and Methods For each listed above, details of how they will be implemented into the lesson to enhance learning.

Require Learner Participation Includes detailed methods for actively engaging all students for the lessons duration.

Evaluate & Revise Evaluation methods for each of the following are included: 1. Student Performance 2. Media Effectiveness 3. Instructor Performance Media Effectiveness

ISL WEEK 2 8) The Importance of making instructional planning for lesson activities. Planning is preparation for action. To improve practices, one needs to have prior thought and planning, on-going review, and continuous adjustment as the plan unfolds in practice, and, finally, reflection on what worked, what didnt, and how to improve. Indeed, planning is an essential tool for effective teaching. Teaching is a complex activity that involves careful preparation and planning, both for short-term learning purposes or long-term learning purposes. Misulis commented regardless of the teaching model and methods used, effective instruction begins with careful, thorough, and organized planning on the part of the teacher. A solid planning process is integral to a teachers efforts in identifying appropriate curriculum, instructional strategies, and resources to address the needs of all students. Furthermore, teachers planning influences the content of instruction, the sequence and cognitive demands of subject topics, learning activities and students opportunities to learn, and the pacing and allocation of instructional time. Refers to: http://www.apsva.us/cms/lib2/VA01000586/Centricity/Domain/25/Brief%204% 20%20Performance%20Standard%202%20Instructional%20Planning.pdf http://www.ala.org/aasl/aaslpubsandjournals/slmrb/editorschoiceb/infopower/s elctwolcott

Source: file:///D:/cd%20pismp/artikel/Chptr9.pdf