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Turbine Type HNK General Description Design: Turbine casing and guides blade carrier Steam flow through the turbine is in the axial direction. After leaving the body of the emergency stop valve, the live steam enters the valve chest with the control valves, which forms an integral castings with the upper half of the outer casing. The valve chest is designed as a transverse tube with opening at both ends for assembly. The turbine casing is divided into an admission and an exhaust section. Depending on the initial steam conditions, the admission sections of comparable si e are designed with castings of different wall thic!ness. The admission section will be completed by an exhaust section of ade"uate si e. The overall length is ad#usted by cylindrical or conical spacer rings. The turbine casing is hori ontally split. The upper and lower casing halves are flanged and assembled by bolts. The turbines are e"uipped with either a no le bloc! or a steam chamber. The no le bloc! is designed as half shell and is !inematically supported by the outer casing. $n the regulating stage, the corresponding lower half in the outer casing is designed as a simple blinding shield in order to avoid excessive windage losses. The no le groups are inserted in to the no le bloc!. The no le bloc! is connected with the steam chamber by %&ring seals in the same manner as the inner casing with the control valves. The no le bloc! serves also has guide for the balancing ' piston gland. (ith the type range )*+, the steam chamber used in the type of turbines is axially split. $n its upper half it accommodates the no le group. The bottom half of the regulating stage is e"uipped with a windage shell. The front part of the steam chamber carries the sealing strips of the compensating piston gland. BHARAT HEAVY ELE TR! AL" L!#!TED$

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Turbine Type HNK

The guide blade carriers are inserted with a lathe&turned circumfrential groove into corresponding webs of the outer casing. They are positioned in the lateral direction by eccentric guide pins and ad#usted to the correct height by shims. Bearing: ,y its brac!ets, the outer casing is supported on the two bearing pedestals independently from the bearing housings. The vertical position of the outer casing is determined by ad#ustable positioning elements located between the brac!ets and the supporting plan of the pedestals. The clearance left between the under side of the assembly&bolt head and the brac!et allows for both axial and lateral expansion of the outer casing with respect to the pedestal. The central position is ensured by guide ways in the bottom half of the casing. They leave the casing free to expand also in the vertical direction. The fixed reference position of the casing is at the rear& end support brac!ets. The casing is thus to yield to thermal expansion by moving forward on special slide elements between the front&end brac!ets and the front bearing pedestal. The turbine rotor is supported in the bearing housings and is radially independent from the outer casing. The radial #ournal bearings are of the multi& wedge type. Two or four oil wedges uniformly spaced on the circumference hold the rotor in a stable position. The bearings are babbitt&lined. The correct axial position of the turbine rotor is ensured by a thrust bearing incorporated in the front bearing housing. $t is intended also for ta!ing up the residual axial thrust. -or this reason it is designed as double&acting bearing of the segment type. The tiltable bearing segments are li!e wise babbitt&lined. The heated rotor expands in the direction towards exhaust hood. As the turbine casing with its fixed reference at the rear pedestal expand into the opposite direction, the BHARAT HEAVY ELE TR! AL" L!#!TED$

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Turbine Type HNK resulting differential expansion will be only small on condition that rotor and casing are heating to approximately the same temperature. Turbine rotor and blading The turbine rotor is integral with the disc of the control stage wheel and is forged from a solid blan!. .xcept for the control stage, the blading is of the reaction type. The running blades have their roots, shaft and shrouding milled from the same solid forging. /nly exception to this rule are the twisted blades of the low&pressure end rows. ,ecause of the wide spacing and thin shaft section it is impossible to design them with integrally milled shrouding . The running blades in the drum stages have roots of the inverted&T type. The roots of the control&stage blades are for!ed. . ,ut occasionally the last row of low&pressure blades, depending on the centrifugal stress to which they are sub#ected, may be designed with for!ed roots, too. The guide blades are manufactured from drawn bar material and have pronged roots. The guide blades tips are fitted with riveted shroud strips. Blade Tip "ealing and "%a&t Glands 0adial steps machined on the circumfrential surfaces of both the stationery and moving blades rows together with oppositely situated sealing strips in the guide blades carrier and on the turbine rotor or forming efficient labyrinth seals. The points at which the shaft passes through the casing are li!e wise sealed by labyrinth glands with caul!ed&in seal strips. The shells of these glands are mounted in the outer casing in manner, which leaves them free to follow thermal expansion. $n the central portion of the gland, lea! stem is drawn of to a region of lower pressure. This limits the amount of lea! steam discharged BHARAT HEAVY ELE TR! AL" L!#!TED$

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Turbine Type HNK into the atmosphere. Turbines are designed for live steam supply at this point in order to

maintain an ade"uate vacuum. Go'ernors and controls An emergency stop valve provided at the entrance of the turbine gives the initial steam access to the admission chest. During normal operation, the stop valve is held open by oil pressure against the contracting force of a compression spring. $n an emergency, pressure in the trip&oil circuit is suddenly relived and stop valve will close immediately. The control valves of turbine regulates the steam throughout to the amount, which is re"uiring to obtaining the desire output and 1 or speed. They are hydraulically activated by servo&oil. The control valves are ad#ustably suspended from a wall beam. ,y means of two spindles and via lever system, the beam can be moved by the actuator, which is mounted, on the steam chest. The control element serving as transmitter for the control impulses to the governor system is incorporated in the front bearing pedestal.

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