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Energy Conversion Laboratory

Series DC Motor
Laboratory Activity No.1

Borja, Carmelyn A. Callueng, Chris Anthony O. Cataneda, Giovanni A. Lao, Daniel Jan S. 6/27/2013

B. Objectives
Familiarize the used of each component. To determined if voltage is directly proportional to the current at DC motors.

C. Theory
SERIES EXCITATION The field circuit is connected in series with the armature and is traversed by the total load current. This method, in which the excitation is proportional to the load current, is unsuitable for normal generators: the internal voltage drop is directly dependent on the load current, and until saturation is approached, is almost proportional to it. For this reason the characteristic is unsuitable for normal service : where, however, it is required to inject into a circuit an e.m.f. proportional to the circuit current, as is sometimes necessary to compensate for the resistance drop in a long cable or feeder, a series generator or booster is placed in series with the feeder.

D. Method of Experiment
1. Experimental Setup

2. Outline of Procedures DIRECT TEST The series dc generator is excited by load current. At no-load, the output voltage depends upon the existence of a small residual flux while at load the voltage increases with load current until the saturation region is reached. At this point, if the voltage drop is compensated by the generated e.m.f. the output voltage remains almost constant. Now, if the load resistance is continuously diminished so that the current exceeds the fullload value, the increasing effects of armature reaction, resistance drop and saturated magnetic circuit cause the output voltage to fall rapidly. TEST PROCEDURE After the set up of driving motor and dc generator under test make all the connections in accordance with the attached diagrams and set the commands as follows: a. Set the modules: VARIABLE DC OUTPUT:

Open the switch It must have about 50V output Open the switch Variac set to about 50% Set to maximum resistance Without Load

VARIABLE DC OUTPUT: (excitation) STARTING RESISTANCE: LOAD RESISTANCE:

b. Switch ON the main switch and, the variac, adjust the voltage supply to a value higher than the value shown on the plate of the motor. Switch off the Ra gradually c. Acting on the motor excitation adjust the speed exactly the rated value of dc generator. d. Set step by step the load resistance and, at each step, take their readings. Check if the speed is always constant: eventually act on the voltage supply or excitation of the driving motor. e. Switch off the main switch to stop the motor.

E. Equipment List
Variable DC supply Variable DC supply excitation Ammeter Voltmeter Motor

Generator Starting Rheostat Over speed protection Optical speed transducer Electronic tachometer

F. Data Section
Load 0,0,0 0,1,1 1,1,0 0,2,0 3,0,0 Ammeter Current(A) 0 0.530 0.600 0.003 0.652 Voltmeter Voltage(V) 0.304 0.931 0.960 0.421 0.779 Revolution per minute 1155 780 745 1150 660

G. Analysis Borja,Carmelyn A.
The data we have gathered is valid because, first, before we start we make sure that all of our connections are correct. And then as we can observe in our data, it is acceptable because compared to the given example of graph it almost the same. But in this experiment, there is al lot of probable sources of error, one of these is the wrong connection of each component, next is if you dont have enough knowledge in handling these machines. Lastly is by not following the procedures. We can reduced the error by; first is to make sure that all connections are correct, next is to make sure that all of the instruments that will be going to use are in good condition, and then also make sure that you use the instruments/machines properly. Lastly, is to have a good knowledge about the experiment especially on how to use these instruments/machines.

Callueng, Chris Anthony O.


Based on the experiment, the data should be valid since the values given at the set-up are approximate to what we have adjusted. Errors are unavoidable like instrument error because some instruments or devices have different measured values and quality. The variac used might not be that accurate and it is hard to measure the exact value needed. The probable magnitude of the different errors is about 5%. The errors could be reduced by using the good instruments and by using several trials. We should also try to rotate the control of the variac in order to produce the right amount of voltage. In the experiment, it is difficult to set the generator because it will not work unless supplied by power. It is dependent on the current flowing on the circuit but if it exceeds, I have observed that, the generator will stop functioning because of overload.

Castaneda, Giovanni A.
In the given experiment, our gathered data must be valid because of the adjustments in the setup of the experiment. Due to the instruments and devices, there can be differences in the gathered data and it is impossible for us not to have error also adding human errors. In our experiment, the percentage error is about 5%. It is impossible for us to not to have errors but it is possible to minimize it by using good quality instruments by several trials. In order to produce right values in the variac we must check measure it by a voltmeter while adjusting the knob. In our performed experiment, the generator will not work unless it is supplied by AC or DC voltage depending on the type of generator. An excitation voltage is needed for the series dc generator for it to unction and we also noticed that the current flow in the whole circuit controls generator. But if the

current exceeds the current limit of the generator, it will stop due to overload. The excitation voltage must be proportional to the current for the generator function to be sustained.

Lao, Daniel Jan S.


Based from the experiment, the generator cannot work if it doesnt have a supply. The supply is dependent on the type of generator whether it is an AC or DC. The series dc generator needs an excitation voltage in order for it to function well. The generator is dependent on the current flowing throughout the circuit. If the current exceeds the current limit of the generator, the generator will stop due to overload. Maintaining the sufficient excitation voltage that is proportional to the current will sustain the power needed for the generator to function. The purpose of the experiment is to test whether the generator will shut down if it has overloaded

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