Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Notes

4
Equivalent fractions

Fractions

Equivalent fractions are fractions of the same value. Example: 1 3 = 2 6 = 3 9

To nd the equivalent fractions of a fraction, multiply or divide both the numerator and the denominator of the fraction by the some number.
2 2 4 3

Example: 2 = 4 = 8 ; 36 = 9 = 3 3 6 12 48 12 4
2 2 4 3

Comparing fractions
Example:
smaller numerator greater numerator

1 3

same denominator

2 3

Example: 1 3

same numerator

1 4

smaller denominator

greater denominator

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Notes

Example: 3 4

different numerators

greater numerator

smaller numerator

5 8

6 8

.
denominators equalized

5 8

different denominators

Simplest forms of fractions

1. The simplest form of a fraction is its equivalent fraction with a numerator and a denominator that are not commonly divisible by any whole number other than 1. 4 1 13 5 , , and are examples of simplest forms of fractions. 7 2 17 21

Fractions equivalent to whole numbers

1. A fraction that has the same numerator and denominator is equivalent to 1. 12 3 2 15 = = = =1 3 2 12 15 2. Fractions with numerators that are divisible by their denominators are equivalent to whole numbers. 16 9 4 10 30 = 2, = 3, = 4, = 2, = 3 3 2 4 5 10

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Notes

Proper fractions and improper fractions

1. Proper fractions have numerators that are smaller than their denominators. 2 , 4 , 7 , and 10 are examples of proper fractions. 3 5 9 13

2. Improper fractions have numerators that are equal to or greater than their denominators. 4 , 3 , 7 , and 11 are examples of improper fractions. 2 3 5 6

Mixed numbers
1. Mixed numbers consist of whole numbers and proper fractions. 1 , 5 3 and 10 7 are examples of mixed numbers. 1 5 2 10

2. To convert a mixed number to an improper fraction, multiply the whole number by the denominator and add the product to the numerator. Maintain the denominator. 3 = (2 5) + 3 Example: 2 5 5 10 + 3 = 5 13 = 5 3. To convert an improper fraction to a mixed number, divide the numerator by the denominator. Then, write the quotient as the whole number, the remainder as the numerator and the divisor as the denominator of the mixed number. Example: 13 = 13 8 8 5 = 1 8
28
denominator

1 8 13 8 5

whole number

numerator

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Exercises

A Fill in the correct numbers to show the equivalent

fractions.

1.

2.

2 4

1 2 4.

2 3

4 6

3.

6 8

3 4

4 5

8 10

B Fill in the correct numbers in the blanks. 1. 3 60 = 4 80 2. 1 7 = 6 42 4. 12 4 = 18 6 6. 70 7 = 100 10 4 20 40 = = 7 35 70

3. 7 70 = 12 120 5. 8 2 = 20 5 3 9 27 = = 5 15 45

7.

8.

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Exercises

C Fill in the symbol > or < in the boxes. 3 1. 7 10 3. 13 2 5. 31 > < > 3 9 12 13 2 35 1 2. 8 9 4. 21 4 6. 42 < > < 5 8 9 24 8 42

D Rearrange the following fractions in ascending order. 2 2 2 , , 5 10 2 9 15 10 1. , , 17 17 17 11 15 7 16 2. , , , 23 23 23 23 56 56 56 56 3. , , , 65 42 72 54 2 2 2 , , 10 5 2 9 10 15 , , 17 17 17 7 11 15 16 , , , 23 23 23 23 56 56 56 56 , , , 72 65 54 42

E Rearrange the following fractions in descending order. 3 8 2 , , 5 10 5 8 2 4 1. , , 11 9 6 11 70 15 11 2. , , , 18 88 44 22 18 7 3 5 2 3. , , , , 30 10 3 6 5 8 3 2 , , 10 5 5 4 11 2 , , 6 18 9 70 8 11 15 , , , 88 11 22 44 3 5 7 18 2 , , , , 3 6 10 30 5

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Exercises

F Write each fraction in its simplest form. 7 1 20 1 24 4 1. = 2. = 3. = 28 4 40 2 54 9 62 31 120 2 180 3 4. = 5. = 6. = 72 36 180 3 300 5

G Fill in the blanks with the correct numbers. 4 1. 2 = 2 100 4. 10 = 10 2. 4 = 28 7 33 5. 11 = 3 3. 9 = 72 8 6. 15 = 225 15

H Convert the mixed numbers to improper fractions. 16 1 1. 3 = 5 5 67 4 3. 7 = 9 9 41 5 2. 6 = 6 6 90 2 4. 8 = 11 11

I Convert the improper fractions to mixed numbers. 1 27 1. = 2 4 12 3 38 3. = 5 7 7 1 48 2. = 5 3 9 9 99 4. = 9 10 10

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Mastery Practice

Mas t e r y
1.

P r ac t i ce
6. Which of the following is true? 1 1 A < 3 2 2 3 B < 3 4 2 3 C > 5 5 6 5 D > 7 7 5 3 4 1 , , , 6 4 5 6 7. Arrange the above fractions in descending order. 1 3 4 5 A , , , 6 4 5 6 1 3 5 4 B , , , 6 4 6 5 5 3 4 1 C , , , 6 4 5 6 5 4 3 1 D , , , 6 5 4 6 8. Which is the simplest form of 35 ? 49 5 3 C A 7 5 7 1 D B 9 4 9. Which is the simplest form of fraction? 3 1 C A 6 3 9 5 D B 27 15
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What is the fraction of the shaded parts in the diagram? 2 1 C A 5 4 3 1 D B 5 5

2. Which of the following fractions 4 is equivalent to ? 5 4 8 C A 6 9 4 8 D B 8 10 3. Which of the following fractions 3 is not equivalent to ? 9 9 9 C A 27 3 6 1 D B 18 3 4. Which fraction has the smallest value? 1 1 C A 4 2 1 1 D B 5 3 5. Which fraction greatest value? 1 C A 10 2 D B 10 has 3 10 4 10 the

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 4

Mastery Practice

10. Which of the following fractions is not equivalent to 2? 4 12 C A 2 6 5 8 D B 3 4 11. Which of the following fractions is not equivalent to a same whole number? 4 2 C A 4 1 10 22 D B 10 22 12. Which of the following is a proper fraction? 1 3 C 1 A 3 4 3 4 D B 1 3 13. Which of the following is an improper fraction? 8 3 C A 9 4 7 6 D B 8 5 1 14. Change 6 into an improper 9 fraction. 55 54 C A 7 6 55 54 D B 9 9 43 15. is equivalent to 8 1 3 C 6 A 5 2 8 3 1 D 7 B 5 8 2
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23 16. Change into a mixed 3 number. 2 1 C 7 A 23 3 3 1 3 D 6 B 2 3 3 17. Which of the following is true? 4 3 A 3 > 3 C 8 7 1 26 B = 5 D 5 5 31 31 < 4 3 4 3 = 7 7

18. Which is not equivalent to 1 4? 2 3 9 C 4 A 6 2 3 4 D 4 B 4 4 8 1 4 = 8 8 19. What is the missing number in the box? A 30 C 32 B 31 D 33 20. Which of the following sets of fractions is arranged in ascending order? 3 2 2 7 A , , , 10 5 6 15 3 2 2 7 B , , , 10 6 5 15 2 7 2 3 C , , , 5 15 6 10 7 2 2 3 D , , , 15 5 6 10

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