Laboratory Study Guide - SCI 1101 While not intended to cover every possible question, the material below

should help you in focusing your study efforts for the laboratory questions on the exams. For each exercise, you should be able to: Module 1: Basic Skills and Principles Experimental Analysis (1.) Identify independent, dependent, and controlling variables in experiments. (2.) Identify major assumptions in experiments. Statistics and Graphing (1.) Calculate/determine the mode, median, and mean for a data set. (2.) Determine which measure of central tendency is most appropriate for a data set. (3.) Determine the range for a data set. (4.) Explain the process of calculating standard deviation and describe the information provided by this statistic. (5.) Design a table for recording and presenting data. (6.) Determine the most appropriate type of graph for a data set, and construct it. Basic Skills Capstone (1.) Construct a null hypothesis and evaluate it based on p-values from inferential statistics. (2.) Explain in general terms how a t-statistic is calculated. Module 2: Energy Home Energy Audit (1.) Utilize the methods and measurements from this exercise to evaluate the energy efficiency of a given residence. (2.) Define conduction and its relationship to r-factor. Synthesis and Analysis (1.) Define convection and explain its relationship to a homes value for air exchanges per hour. (2.) Explain the effects of changing a homes parameters (type of windows, doors, etc.) on energy usage, Energy Capstone (1.) Describe how changes to home energy efficiency can be economically evaluated. Module 3: Biogeochemical Cycling Trees and Carbon (1.) Describe the carbon cycles major reservoirs and fluxes and its relationship to climate change. (2.) Describe how trees affect the flux and storage of carbon. (3.) Define allometry, and how it was used in this exercise to estimate tree mass. (4.) Approximate the amount of carbon dioxide sequestered from the atmosphere by an acre of forest in our area, based on the calculations in this exercise.

Analysis of Personal Impacts (1.) Explain the contributions of your energy uses to your overall CO2 emissions, and evaluate the impacts of lifestyle changes on your emissions. (2.) Describe how hybrid electric vehicles differ from internal-combustion vehicles in design and fuel efficiency. Biogeochemical Cycling Capstone (1.) Explain the potential use of forest credits in combating climate change in light of the calculations conducted in the Capstone exercise. Module 4: Ozone Ground-level Ozone (1.) Compare and contrast ozone concentrations in the troposphere and stratosphere. (2.) Explain how ground-level ozone forms, how it is affected by thermal inversions, and its adverse effects on humans. (3.) Describe how changing the parameters (weather and human-induced) in Smog City affected overall ozone concentrations and length of exposure. Analysis of Personal Impacts (1.) Describe the factors affecting the release of ozone-forming compounds from vehicles and other machinery. (2.) Compare and contrast the amount of ozone-forming compounds released by different vehicles. (3.) Describe the sequence of events in an asthma attack and its relationship to air pollution. Ozone Capstone (1.) Describe how changes in lifestyle affect the amount of ozone-forming compounds released.