Exercise-1 The Typhoid Mortality of on sample of 100 is 20 % and in another sample of 100 is 30 %. Is the difference in moratality rate significance?

Solution: sample-1 (n1= 100 ) (p1= 20 ) (q1= 80 ) sample-2 (n2= 100 ) (p2= 30 ) (q2= 70 )

Ho: p1=p2 Null Hypothesis : There is no Difference between the Two sample proportions. Standard Error of (p1-p2)=SQRT of [(p1Xq1)/n1+(p2Xq2)/n2] SE (p1-p2)=SQRT of [(p1Xq1)/n1+(p2Xq2)/n2]

=,*(p1=20)X(q1=80)/(n1=100)++*(p2=30)X(q2=70)/(n2=1 6.08276253 =SQRT OF (37)= 00)]}

2SE (p1-p2)= 12.16552506 Difference of Two Proportions= 10

As the Difference of the Two proportion is less than 2SE, there is no statitical significance at 5% level Inference: There is no evidence that the two sample Typoid Mortality Rates are different from each other.

In school -A, tonsilectomy was done in 23 students out of 50while in another school B it was done in 77 out of . Find out whether the difference between the two Tonsilectomy proportions is significance? Solution:
Table-1 Showing the No. Tonsilectomy cases & calculated Ps & qs in %

No. of Tonsilectomy p in % q in % sample-1 50 23 46 54 sample-2 350 77 22 78 Table-2 Showing the calculated Ps & qs in % sample-1 (n1= 50 ) (p1= 46 ) (q1= 54 ) sample-2 (n2= 350 ) (p2= 22 ) (q2= 78 ) Ho: p1=p2 Null Hypothesis : There is no Difference between the Two sample proportions.

Size of sample

Standard Error of (p1-p2)=SQRT of [(p1Xq1)/n1+(p2Xq2)/n2] SE (p1-p2)=SQRT of [(p1Xq1)/n1+(p2Xq2)/n2]

= {[(p1=46)X(q1=54)/(n1=50)]+[(p2=22)X(q2=78)/(n2=350)]}
=SQRT OF (54.5829)= 7.3880212 2SE= 14.7760424 Difference of Two Proportions= 24
As the Difference of the Two proportion is more than 2SE, there is statistical significance at 5% level. Inference: There is Statistical evidence to show that the two Schools A & B are different in the prevalence of Tonsilities.

Exercise-3

In school -A , there is Whooping Cough in 25 students out of 50 while the school B, there is Whooping Cough in 215 out of 350. Is the Difference of the Prevalence of Whooping Cough between the Two Schools A & B , Statistically Significant ? Solution:
Table-1 Showing the No. of Students with Whooping Cough & calculated Ps & qs in %

Size of sample

No. of Students with Whooping Cough

p in %

q in %

sample-1 sample-2 sample-1 sample-2

50 350

25 215

50 61.4286

50 38.5714

Table-2 Showing the calculated Ps & qs in %

(n1= 50 ) (p1= 50 ) (q1= 50 (n2= 350 ) (p2= 61.429 ) (q2= 38.6 Ho: p1=p2 Null Hypothesis : There is no Difference between the Two sample proportions. Standard Error of (p1-p2)=SQRT of [(p1Xq1)/n1+(p2Xq2)/n2] SE (p1-p2)=SQRT of [(p1Xq1)/n1+(p2Xq2)/n2]

{[(p1=50)X(q1=50)/(n1=50)]+[(p2=61.4286)X(q2=38.5714)/(n2=350)]}
=SQRT OF (56.7697)= 7.53457

2SE(p1-p2)= 15.06913102
Difference of Two Proportions= 11.4286
As the Difference of the Two proportion is less than 2SE, there is no statistical significance at 5% level. Inference: There is no Statistical evidence that the two Schools A & B are different in the prevalence of Whooping Cough. ie. Similar staus quo in the prevalence of Whooing Cough between the Two Schools A & B.

while the school of the Prevalence y Significant ?

lated Ps & qs in %

q in %

50 38.5714 ) ) sample

there is no

& B are different taus quo in the A & B.

Exercise-4 The Typhoid Mortality of on sample of 100 is 20 % and in another sample of 100 is 30 %. Is the 'Typoid - effect' between the two Samples significantly different? Solution: sample-1 (n1= 100 ) (p1= 20 ) (q1= 80 ) sample-2 (n2= 100 ) (p2= 30 ) (q2= 70 ) Ho: There is no siginificant difference between the Two Samples in quantity terms Let us form the 2X 2 contingency Table for the Two Samples vs Typoid Deaths & No Death with the Typoid Observed Cell Frequencies in the 2x2 Contingency Table: No. of Typoid Deaths No. of cases without the Total No. of Deaths due to Typoid Typoid Cases sample-1 20 80 100 sample-2 30 70 100 Total 50 150 200 The Expected Cell11 Value=(First Row Total X First Column Total)/N The Expected Cell12 Value=(First Row Total X Secont Column Total)/N The Expected Cell21 Value=(Second Row Total X First Column Total)/N The Expected Cell22 Value=(Second Row Total X Second Column Total)/N Expected Cell Frequencies in 2x2 Contingency Table: No. of Typoid Deaths No. of cases without the Total No. of Deaths due to Typoid Typoid Cases sample-1 25 75 100 sample-2 25 75 100 Total 50 150 200 The Test Statistic is Chi-Square. 2= (O-E)2/E [Wheras, O= Observed cell value & E=Expected Cell Value] = (20-25)^2/25+(80-75)^2/75+(30-25)^2/25+(70-75)^2/75 = (25/25)+(25/75)+(25/25)+(25/75) = 1+0.3333+0+0 = 1.3333 The 5% Tabular 2 Value with 1 Degrees of Freedom=3.84 As the Calculated Chi-Square Value=1.3333 which is Less thanThe 5% Tabular 2 Value with 1 Degrees of Freedom=3.84 , the Null Hypothesis is Accepted Inference: There is no Statistical Siginificance between the Two Samples in the 'Typoid -Effect'