Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 13

Exercises

13
Types of triangles

Triangles

All triangles have 3 angles and 3 straight sides.

Shape Name Characteristics

1.

Equilateral triangle

All sides of equal length Each angle 60 3 axes of symmetry 2 sides of equal length Equal base angles 1 axis of symmetry All sides of different lengths All angles unequal All angles acute

2. Isosceles triangle 3. 4. 5. Scalene triangle Acute-angled triangle

Obtuse-angled 1 obtuse angle triangle Right-angled triangle

6.

1 right angle

Base, base angles, vertex and height of triangle

Point P, point Q and point R are the vertices. h is the height. QR is the base. PQR and PRQ are the base angles.
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Notes

Drawing triangles
Always do a sketch of the triangle. Draw it with a ruler, a compass and a protractor.

Interior angles of triangles

The total sum of the three interior angles of a triangle is 180.

a + b + c = 180

Perimeters of triangles

Perimeter = PQ + QR + RP

Areas of triangles
1 Area of a triangle = base height 2

1 Area of PQR = QR QP 2

1 Area of STV = ST UV 2

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 13

Exercises

A Name each triangle based on the characteristics of the

angles and sides. Write the reason.

Triangle Name based on angles

Reason All the angles are acute angles. One of the angles is a right angle. One of the angles is an obtuse angle. All the angles are acute angles. Reason All the sides have the same length. All the sides have different lengths. All the sides have the same length. Two of the sides have the same length.

Acute-angled triangle 1.

Right-angled triangle

2.

Obtuse-angled triangle

3. Acute-angled triangle Triangle Name based on sides Equilateral triangle 4.

Scalene triangle

5.

Equilateral triangle

6.

Isosceles triangle

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Exercises

B Draw the axes of symmetry and fill in the blanks. 1. 2.

No. of axis of symmetry: 1 3.

No. of axis of symmetry: 3 4.

No. of axis of symmetry: 1 5.

No. of axis of symmetry: 3 6.

No. of axis of symmetry: 0

No. of axis of symmetry: 1

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Exercises

C Fill in the blanks based on the given diagrams. Triangle Example:

Base

Base angle

Vertex

Height

YZ

XYZ and XZY

Point X, point Y and point Z

XW

1.

UP

SUP and SPU

Point P, point S and point U

SU

2.

NI

LNI and LIN

Point I, point L and point N

LA

3.

NO

MNO and MON

Point M, point N and point O

MP

4.

MF

UFM and UMF

Point F, point M and point U

CU

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Exercises

D Draw triangles based on these specifications. 1. An equilateral triangle with sides of 4.0 cm each.

2. A XYZ with XZ is 5 cm. XY is 4 cm and YZ is 3 cm.

3. A RST with RS is 3 cm, ST is 3 cm and RST is 90.

4. A MNO with MN is 5 cm, OMN and ONM are 45.

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Exercises

E Find the interior angles of the following triangles. 1. 2. 3.

WXY = 40 WYX = 40

DGF = 90 FDE = 30

MNP = 40 OPN = 55

F Find the perimeter of the following triangles. 1. 2.

3.

Perimeter: 15 cm

Perimeter: 12 cm

Perimeter: 28 m

G Answer the questions. 1. An equilateral triangle has sides of 7 cm long. What is its perimeter? Answer: 21 cm

2. What is the perimeter of PQR if the length of PQ is 9 cm, the length of PR is 8.3 cm and the length of RQ is 10.2 cm? Answer: 27.5 cm

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Exercises

3. The perimeter of an equilateral triangle is 45 centimeters. How long is the side? Answer: 15 cm

H Calculate the areas of the given triangles. 1. 2.

3.

Area = 48 Area = 24 Area = 70 square centimeters square meters square centimeters 4.

5.

6.

Area = 35 Area = 600 Area = 110 square meters square centimeters square meters

I Answer the questions. 1. A triangle has a length of the base of 5 m and a height of 6 m. What is the area of the triangle? Answer: 15 square meters

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Exercises

2. What is the area of a triangle with the height of 2 m and the base of three times of its height? Answer: 6 square meters 3. A triangular flag has a base of 30 cm and a height of 45 cm. It is made up of a piece of paper. What is the total area of the paper? Answer: 675 square centimeters

J Calculate the following. Show the working. 1. Find the area of ABCD, if AC is 10 cm.

Area of ABC

1 = 3 10 2 = 15 1 Area of ACD = 3 10 2 = 15 Area of ABCD = 15 + 15 = 30 square centimeters

2. Ning wants to paint the board shown below. How many square centimeters does Ning need to paint?

Area of PRSU = 120 100 = 12,000 1 Area of UST = 40 100 2 = 2,000 1 Area of PQR = 40 100 2 = 2,000 Total area
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= 12,000 + 2,000 + 2,000 = 16,000 square centimeters

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Mathematics Pratomsuksa 5 Chapter 13

Mastery Practice

Mas t e r y
1.

P r ac t i ce
4.

What is the name of the triangle above? I Isosceles triangle II Equilateral triangle III Acute-angled triangle A I only B I and II only C II and III only D I, II and III The base angles are the same. Two sides have the same length. 2. Which of the following triangles does the above information describe? A Obtuse-angled triangle B Isosceles triangle C Scalene triangle D Right-angled triangle 3.

If QS is the base, which is the height of the triangle? A PQ C PR B RS D PS 5. How many axes of symmetry does an equilateral triangle have? A 0 C 2 B 1 D 3 6.

Look at the above triangle. What is X? A 20 C 40 B 30 D 50 7.

How many axes of symmetry does the above triangle have? A 0 C 2 B 1 D 3

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Study the above triangle. If SRT = 30, STR = A 20 C 60 B 40 D 90

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Mastery Practice

8. What is the value of an interior angle of an equilateral triangle? A 45 C 90 B 60 D 85 9.

13.

What is the perimeter of the above triangle? A 60 cm C 120 cm B 40 cm D 150 cm 10. The perimeter of a triangular stamp is 7 cm. Its two similar sides are 2 cm each. What is the length of its base? A 1 cm C 3 cm B 2 cm D 7 cm 11. A triangular cloth has 3 equal sides of 55 cm long. What is the perimeter of the cloth? A 55 cm C 120 cm B 110 cm D 165 cm 12.

What is the area of WXZ? A 8 square meters B 16 square meters C 20 square meters D 30 square meters 14.

What is the area of PQR? A 35 square meters B 100 square meters C 150 square meters D 300 square meters 15. Calculate the area of a triangle with the base of 30 cm and the height of a half of the base. A 15 square centimeters B 30 square centimeters C 225 square centimeters D 450 square centimeters

What is the area of the above triangle? A 3 square centimeters B 7 square centimeters C 6 square centimeters D 12 square centimeters
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