Prof.MadyaDrNurinaAnuar J JabatanKejuruteraan j Kimia&Proses FakultiKejuruteraanUKM drnurina@eng.ukm.

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WhatisaTechnicalReport
Astructuredpresentationofdata@information

gatheredfrom
Research Experiment Investigation

Usuallypreparedforaselectedgroupofaudience

Conceptuallydivideinto3majorpart: Problemtobeinvestigated
Methodsofinvestigation Resultsofinvestigation
Thistypeofreportusuallyfollowabasicframework

( schema) (or h )
Introduction Method ResultsandConclusion

ScientificMethodvsTechnicalReportSchema
Scientific method of investigation Recognition of problems, hypotheses & objectives Collection of data & process of experiment Results Data analysis Conclusion Conclusion Technical report shema

Introduction Method Contents

P i information i f i using i reportformat f Presenting

Systematicandorganised mannertofacilitateyour

reader

Howtoachievethispurpose
Toreportselectively

:relevanttothepurposeofreport :should h ldreportonly l information i f i that h is i essential i l :relevanttothereadersneed

Presentinginformationusingreportformat
Topresenteffectively

:structuredreportthatyourreaderisabletolocate importantinformationandbeabletofindminor, minor supportingdetailsintheshortestpossibletime :canbeachievedbymakinguseof

Headingsandsubheadings Numberingandbullets Referencesinparantheses, p , Eg.Therearethreestagesinthisprocess(seeFigure2) Emphaticdevices,(e.g.italising,underlining)

Presenting ginformationusing greport p format

Toreportobjectively

p p :report presentationisbasedonfactsthewriterhas establishedafteraninvestigationand/or experimentation. :Readerswillmakedecisionbasedonthisfactsand takeaction

Exact E t without ith tdi distortion t ti orexaggeration ti Objective measurablebysomeobjectivestandard Reliable methodofcollectinginformationmustbe accounted dfor. f

ComponentsofaFormalTechnicalReport
1.

Prefatory
Givespreviewofitscontent Usuallycomprisesoffollowingelements
Letteroftransmittal(optional) Title(cover)page Abstract A k Acknowledgements l d t (optional) ( ti l) Tableofcontents Listoffigures Listoftables Listofabbreviationandsymbols

 Title(coverpage)
p Firstimpression y youmakeonthe readers Titleof report p :shouldbeinformative &precise Authorsname Nameof Dept/organisation Nameof Course/Programme Dateof submission

 Abstract
Acondenseversionofthereports Short h overviewof fthe h scientific f

investigationpresentedinthereport Shouldbewrittenincomprehensive& concisemanner

TableofContents :Tellsthereaderswhatthereportcontains&where tofindtheinformationneededbynumbering thepage

Headingandsubheadings E Example l 1FIRSTLEVELHEADING 11 1.1 Secondlevelheading 1.2 Secondlevelheading 1.2.1 Thirdlevelheading g

ComponentsofaFormalTechnicalReport
2.

Main M i :about b tthe th research/study h/ t d undertaken d t k

Comprisesof

Introduction Literaturereview(theory) Methods(experimentalprocedure/mtd.Of calculation/testing / gandevaluation) ) Results(andDiscussion) Conclusion Recommendation Supplementaryelements

C faF lTech. T h Report R Components of Formal

3.

Supplementary:madeof3elements
References/Bibliography (optional)

Listscontainssourceofdata/informationfromwhich thewritertakesoriginalideasandquotesdirectly

Appendices
Containsrelateddatanotnecessarytotheimmediate understandingofthereport eg:illustration(tables,graphs) descriptionofequipment sampleforms,questionnaires,datasheetetc.

References/Bibliography
Therearemanystylescanbeused InUKM,weneedtorefer/usedGAYAUKM Generalguidelines Authorsnameinfull Yearofpublication Titleofthebook/journal/article/magazines Publishers/place P bli h / l of fpublication bli ti Volumenumber/pages(esp.forjournalarticle) Example:

StyleinTechnicalReport
Itsamediumforpresentation&conveysthe

attitudeofthewriter Needsskill(arrangingmaterials&writing) Useofimpersonal p sentenceconstruction(avoid ( usingI,we,us) Ideasareexpressedwithathirdpersonsubject

eg. Change :Ifoundtheangleofincidenceofwindvaries inTestS. To :Thefindingsindicatethattheangleofincidenceof windvariesinTestS

References

Krishnan, Krishnan L.A., L A Jong, Jong R., R Kathpalia, Kathpalia S.S., S S Tam, Tam

M.K.2003.Engineeringyourreportfromstart tofinish.Singapore: g p PrenticeHall.

Actualauthors:

LakshmyAnanthaKrishnan,RowenaJong, Sujata j S.Kathpalia, p ,Tam MohKim.2003. 3 Engineeringyourreportfromstarttofinish. Singapore:PrenticeHall.