(TEMPLET TUGASAN - VERSI BAHASA MALAYSIA)

(MUKA SURAT HADAPAN)

FACULTY OF EDUCATION AND LANGUAGE

MAY / 2013

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ENGLISH FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNICAL PURPOSES

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PART A TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

1.0 introductory

2.0 Body of essay

2.1 Health effects

2.2 Psychological effects

2.3 Social effects

3.0 Concluding

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PART A Junk food is food that is of little nutritional value and often high in fat, sugar, salt, calories, sodium, additives, hydrogenated fats (trans fats), artificial colors, etc. Foods

commonly considered junk foods include salted snack foods, gum, candy, sweet desserts, fried fast food, and sugary carbonated beverages. Many foods such as hamburgers, pizza, and tacos can be considered either healthy or junk food depending on their ingredients and preparation methods with the more highly processed items usually falling under the junk food category. Fast Foods are served in local restaurants we all know such as McDonalds, Burger King, Popeyes, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Subways, etc. In recent decades, junk food and

convenience food consumption have increased dramatically, with 25 percent of people now consuming predominantly junk food diets. Some people believe that better health education is the answer to this problem but others disagree. In my opinion, health education can also solve that problem but the most important is encourages us to nourish ourselves through conscious food choices and

awareness of the dangers of junk food for every individual. The true reason for eating junk food is that is tastes good to many people, increasing availability of junk food, stressful, laziness and time constraints. These are reasons people to visit a fast food restaurant daily. The effects of junk food can lead to obesity, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, cancer, and even a heart attack. One of the most obvious that it is can raise blood pressure and cholesterol and also contributing to heart disease. Many diseases including coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis are caused by a buildup of plaque in arteries near the heart . The buildup can reduce blood flow in the body and if it is punctured and a blood clot forms, it can cut off circulation to some of the heart muscles. This causes two damages to the heart it fatigues by the continuous extra effort it makes and heart muscles can fail due to lack of oxygen. The onset and remedy both take a long time and great determination. Besides that, fast food also can cause one of develop insulin resistance that can risk for diabetes. According to the American Diabetes Association, 1.6 million new cases of diabetes are diagnosed in people aged 20 years and older each year and a leading cause is that of the surplus intake of sugar, which calls for an extremely dangerous and rapid release of insulin into the blood stream. Then this falls rapidly and as these levels continue to fluctuate, the liver becomes worn out and insulin production fails, hence leading to diabetes. Another one is importan that, children who consume junk foods such as pizza, chips and biscuits prior to age 3 may end up having lower IQs than children who ate home-cooked 2

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foods with fruits and vegetables. According to 2010 research published in the "Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health," these children were tested five years down the line and had IQ scores that were as much as five points lower than their healthier-eating peers. The researchers suspected that the negative effect of eating junk foods so early in life may not be altered by future healthy habits because it is related to hindered brain development. Beside that, junk foods can also damage your child teeth because of sweet junk foods can. Junk foods contain too much sugar or too much salt. Junk foods often contain chemicals and high calorie that can negatively affect your psychological. Effects eating junk food is gain weight , obesity and many diet related diseases. People who eat a lot of junk food to gain weight quickly because it has a content with sugar can lead to obesity then has an impact on the health of the rest of the body. Obesity is a huge problem in American society. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 18.1% of teenagers ages 12-19 were obese in 2008. Obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. Living with obesity is a struggle and its now not only becoming common in adults but, also children. Obesity has been linked to many other health issues such as hypertension, stroke, gall bladder disease, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, breast, prostate and colon cancers, insulin resistance, asthma, reproductive hormone abnormalities, impaired fertility, body pains and making ones lifestyle healthier is much more difficult at that stage. According to research, obese women are up to 60 percent more likely to develop some form of cancer than normal-weight women. Many breast cancers are fueled by estrogen, and this hormone is produced in your fat tissue. Hence, the more body fat you have, the more estrogen youre likely to produce, which could contribute to the formation of breast cancer. Most junk foods contain bad fats such as saturated and trans fat. These tend to provoke the body into creating prostaglandins (a hormone) that is pro-inflammatory, which can be directly responsible for triggering some arthritis conditions. Most sufferers of arthritis have been shown to greatly improve when they cut out certain foods or restrict their diet, eating good fats like omega-3 fatty acids. The good fats help produce anti-inflammatory prostaglandins that stop inflammation. Some other foods that may lead to this condition include foods with preservatives, empty calories, and high saturated fat. Besides that, eating too much junk food also can effect a social problem when junk food have adverse effect on your mental health and leads to problems like anxiety, trembling and fatigue. They damage your brain and make you suffer from mental illness. Junk food influences hormones especially neurotransmitters in the brain. This in turn causes mental disorders. Foods contains great amount of trans fats which affects the brains 3

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neurotransmitters. People consuming high amount of fats suffer from mental disorders like Depression, Alzheimers and Hyperactive. This is because patients do not consume enough amount of vitamins and minerals found in whole foods. That food affects the hormones and also block blood supply to the brain, causing damage to the brain. Junk food also contains toxic mixture of unhealthy fats, artificial colouring , refined carbohydrates and preservatives that leads to mental imbalance. These toxic foods affect hormones causing mental illness. These foods cause disorders which can get difficult to cure. So the best way to overcome such problems is inculcating healthy eating habits. These factors state the effects of junk food on your brain and the reason for it is link to mental disorders. Food causing disorders must be avoided. Instead adopt a healthy diet free from trans fats and unwanted calories. Awareness about the dangers of the habit of eating junk food is a very common absences now. Many people know that eating junk food is something that is less good. But due to busy man cause cause we had to eat junk food in this situation would be we have to eat too. This will cause us to have to eat this and that. By eating food can cause the disease In conclusion, fast food, although it is convenient and a tasty addition to a diet, can have serious health and social effects. People should learn to choose fast food carefully and remember the pleasure of eating good food. Who knows what kind of genetic mutations and malfunctions were creating for our future generations when a majority of our diet consists of highly processed and artificial foods. For my opinion, eating junk food is bad because it has become trend with rising epidemics of numerous chronic diseases and accounts for a long list.

References 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. junk food - Google Search Glossary http://www.wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn http://teenink.com/nonfiction/academic/article/301318/Fast-Food/ http://www.vivavegie.org/101book/text/nolink/social/supersizeme.htm http://chainoffools.org/fact_negeffect.html

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PART B TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE

4.0 introductory

5.0 Body of essay

6.0 Concluding

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PART B Over the past 10 years, increasingly threatened by human disasters occur frequently. Hurricanes, floods, droughts and diseases related to the environment grew increasingly frequent and widespread threat. The scenario of global warming also intensify the effects of El Nino, especially in respect to drought and flood. El Nino will affect the global climate resulted in some parts of drought and flooding some more. The greenhouse effect is a phenomenon that occurs as a result of air pollution. History of the greenhouse effect began in the days of the Industrial Revolution. At this time people began to use fossil fuels extensively. This causes the carbon dioxide content increases. The greenhouse is a gas in an atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. It is effect increases the temperature of the Earth by trapping heat in our atmosphere. This keeps the temperature of the Earth higher than it would be if direct heating by the Sun was the only source of warming. When sunlight reaches the surface of the Earth, some of it is absorbed which warms the ground and some bounces back to space as heat. Greenhouse gases that are in the atmosphere absorb and then redirect some of this heat back towards the Earth. This is a natural process, but in recent decades, human activities have led to an increase in the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which is now trapping too much heat. Since some of the heat can't escape into space, it continues to add up which then warms up the Earth. In fact, this is what we call the greenhouse effect. So the more greenhouse gases you have in the atmosphere, the more heat stays on Earth. Greenhouse gases trap heat in the troposphere, the part of the atmosphere where weather occurs, and the global warming they cause affects the Earth's climate systems. This is especially true of carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases and extra quantities of this are released into the atmosphere as a result of burning fossil fuels as a source of energy in power stations, factories and homes. Carbon dioxide was produced by natural processes such as animals exhaling and eliminated through natural processes for example, trees take in carbon dioxide to use during photosynthesis. Plants serve to remove some of the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by absorbing it through their leaves. However, as large areas of forest are being felled and have been felled in the Amazon and elsewhere, less carbon dioxide is removed in this way. In the latter part of the twentieth century, scientists recognized that carbon dioxide levels were increasing. The use of fossil fuels such as coal and oil from cars and lorries has pushed the levels of carbon dioxide beyond 350 parts per million, what is considered the 6

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upper safety limit when burning fussiel fuel. But mining, fossil fuel consumption and an increasing population have broken that balanced cycle, causing a larger amount of carbon dioxide to remain in the atmosphere. The greenhouse effect occurs because the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases. These gases act like a blanket that will allow heat in. This then will trap heat. This trapped heat will raise the temperature on the surface of the earth. Greenhouse effect (greenhouse effect) is associated with a warming effect on the earth's atmosphere. Wave through the air sunlight absorbed by the Earth. The earth then emits this energy as heat waves and absorbed by air, mainly carbon dioxide. Ecosystem resources have been used to the maximum level of overfishing and destroying large areas of forest. Six billion people now use the earth's natural resources by excessive and uncontrollable. If global warming continues, humans will become extinct. extinction as scientists showed an increase of 7.0 meters above sea level in low-lying areas such as the Kuala Muda (Orissa) and the state will be flooded. Monsoon conditions will change at all because we will receive more rainfall during the northeast monsoon, which means more events banjir.Kesedaran Malaysians and the world community generally difficult increased. Only 3/10 of Malaysians concerned about environmental issues. Earthquake December 26, 2004 and the floods in Johor is the best lesson. Educating is not to make them anxious but ask them to act correctly and accurately. Result of global warming has a direct impact on the earth and living capital. Global warming will threaten plants and animals. AIA will also force animals and plants on land to move to new habitats. Dilution effect of the block icebergs that have produced the phenomenon of rising sea levels and changes also threaten agricultural productivity and harvest. concluded that the greenhouse effect is a phenomenon that occurs because of air pollution. The greenhouse effect occurs because the trapping of heat by greenhouse gases. Among the several types of greenhouse gases that are commonly found are carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and oxides nitrogen.Sejarah greenhouse effect began in the days of the Industrial Revolution. At this time people began to use fossil fuels extensively. This causes the carbon dioxide content bertambah.Gas these gases act like a blanket that will allow heat in. This then will trap heat. This trapped heat will raise the temperature on the surface of the earth.

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RUJUKAN / REFERENSI http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6662932 http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/environment/global-warming/gwcauses.html?nav=FEATURES http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/6662932 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/12/071212-AP-arctic-melt.html