4531/2 Fizik Kertas 2 Set A 2011 2 jam

PEJABAT PELAJARAN AERA! "ELAKA TEN#A! LAT$! T%B$ PR&#RA" PERK&N#S$AN P$NTAR ' (& ) B$ AN# SA$NS AN "ATE"AT$K SEK&LA! "ENEN#A! AERA! "ELAKA TEN#A! SP" 2011
LA! BERASRA F$*$K KERTAS 2 +a jam ti,a -+.+/ mi0it

JAN#AN B%KA KERTAS S&ALAN $N$ SE!$N##A

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Section A
[60 marks] Answer all questions in this section

1.

Diagram 1.1

(a) (i) Name the measuring instrument B.

[1 mark]

____________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the function of the measuring instrument A in the circuit? [1 mark] ____________________________________________________________

Diagram 1.12 (b) Diagram 1.2 shows an electrical meter. 4

(i) The instrument has ero error! what is the ero error?

[1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

(ii) What is the accurac" of the electrical meter ?

[1 mark]

____________________________________________________________ 2. Diagram 2 shows the #elocit"$time gra%h for the motion of a car. Velocity / ms-1

Diagram 2

18

24

Time/s

(i) What is meant b" #elocit"?

[1 mark]

____________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the total &is%lacement tra#ele& b" the car? [3 marks]

____________________________________________________________ (iii) What is the a#erage #elocit" of the car along the 'ourne"? [2 marks]

____________________________________________________________

(. The Diagram ( shows three non$mi)ing li*ui&s %lace in an enclose& tan+.

2m

= 0.8 X 103kgm-3 X

1m

= 1.0 X 103kgm-3 Y

Diagram 3

1m

= 1.1 X 103kgm-3 Z

a) ,tate two factors that affect the %ressure in li*ui&?

[2 marks]

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ b) i) -alculate the %ressure &ue to the li*ui& at %oint .. [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________ ii) -alculate the %ressure &ue to the li*ui& at %oint /. [1 mark]

______________________________________________________________ iii) -alculate the %ressure &ue to the li*ui& at %oint 0. [1 mark]

______________________________________________________________ c) When the enclose& tan+ is &ro%%e& from a high %lace! what is the %ressure of .! /! an& 0? 1)%lain "our answer. [2 marks] ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________

2. Diagram 2 shows a bar magnet being &ro%%ing to solenoi&. The bar magnet will %ass through the solenoi&. The %oles of the bar magnet are as shown in &iagram. 3 an& 4 are the %olarit" of the solenoi&.

Diagram 4

a) ,tate 5en 6s 5aw.

[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________ b) ,tate the %olarit" of the %oles of the solenoi&. [2 marks]

37 _____________________________________________________________ 4 7 _____________________________________________________________ c) Draw the &irection of the in&uce& current ! I in Diagram 2 [1 mark]

&) ,tate two wa"s to increase the magnitu&e of the in&uce& current. [2 marks] _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ e) Describe the changes in the &eflection of the gal#anometer %ointer when the magnet has 'ust %asse& through solenoi&. [1 mark] _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

8)

Diagram 5

The Diagram 8 show two metal bloc+s 3 an& 4 of the same mass are being heate& at the same rate. The heater %ower is (9w The heat ca%acit" of 3 is :.;<.192 =+g$19- $1an& 4 is (.:8.192 =+g$19- $1. The two metal bloc+s are 2+g an& heate& from room tem%erature 2< 9- . After 18minute heate&! the tem%erature 3 is >9 9-. a) What is meant b" the statement heated at the same rate? [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________ b) ,tate three similarities for the bloc+ 3 an& 4. [3 marks]

________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ c) -alculate the amount of the heat su%%lie& after 18minute? [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________ &) What is the s%ecific heat ca%acit" of 3 ? [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________

>. Diagram > shows a ste%$&own transformer.

Diagram 6.1 (a) (i) ,uggest one suitable metal to be use& as metal . in the transformer. ________________________________________________________________ [1 mark] (ii) 1)%lain the reason for "our answer in >(a) (i) . [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________ (iii) The number of turns on the %rimar" coil is 2999 an& on the secon&ar" coil is 128. -alculate the out%ut #oltage of the transformer. [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________ (b) The Diagram >.2 shows three i&entical bulbs of ?12 @! 22 W?! each connecte& in series to the secon&ar" coil of a transformer. The in%ut #oltage is 229 @ from the mains su%%l".

Diagram 6.2

"

The %rimar" coil has (>99 turns an& secon&ar" has 829 turns . The three bulbs are lighte& with normal brightness. (i) What is meant b" normal brightness? [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the out%ut #oltage of the transformer? [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________ (iii) ) Af the transformer is 199B efficient! calculate the current in the %rimar" coil. [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________ <. The following Diagram <.1 shows a sim%le wa#e motion.

Diagram 7.1 a) (i) What is meant b" a wave motion? C1 marksD

____________________________________________________________ (ii) ,tate whether the wa#e is a trans#erse wa#e or a longitu&inal wa#e. [1 mark] ____________________________________________________________ (iii) Ei#e a reason for "our answer in (a)(ii). [1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

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(i#) Af the wa#e has a fre*uenc" of 1 F ! mar+ on the &iagram the &istance! D! tra#elle& b" the wa#e in 2 secon&. [1 mark] b) The following Diagram <.2 shows water wa#es being generate& b" a linear &i%%er oscillating in a ri%%le tan+ with a &ee% area an& a shallow area as in&icate&.

Diagram 7.2 (i) ,tate two changes when the wa#e mo#es towar& the shallow area. C 2marksD ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (ii) Af the fre*uenc" of the oscillating linear &i%%er is ; F ! the wa#elength of the wa#es in the &ee% area is ; cm an& the wa#elength of the wa#es in the shallow area is 2 cm! calculate the s%ee& of the wa#es in the &ee% area an& ____________________________________________________________ the s%ee& of the wa#es in the shallow area ____________________________________________________________ C2marksD :) Diagram :.1 an& &iagram :.2 show two circuits consisting of a semicon&uctor &io&e! an ammeter an& a &r" cell each.

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Diagram 8.1

Diagram 8.2 C1marksD

(a) Name an e)am%le of a %ure semicon&uctor.

____________________________________________________________ (b) (i) -om%are the connections of the &io&es in Diagram :.1 an& Diagram :.2. C1markD ____________________________________________________________ (ii) -om%are the ammeter rea&ings in Diagram :.1 an& Diagram :.2. C1markD ____________________________________________________________ (c) ,tate two &ifference that cause the &ifference in the ammeter rea&ing in Diagram :.1 an& Diagram :.2. C 2marksD ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (&) ,tate the function of a &io&e. C1markD

____________________________________________________________

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Diagram 8.3 (e) Diagram :.( shows a full$wa#e bri&ge rectifier. The a.c. su%%l" has a fre*uenc" of 89F (i) when the %olarit" of the a.c. su%%l" #oltage is %ositi#e at A! state the two &io&es which are forwar& biase&. C1markD ________________________________________________________ (ii) When the %olarit" of the a.c. su%%l" #oltage is negati#e at A! state the two &io&es which are forwar& biase&. C1markD _________________________________________________________ (iii) Gsing the a)es in Diagram :.2! s+etch the #oltage$time gra%h across resistor H. C 2marksD Volt#ge / V

Time / ms
10 20 30 40 50

Diagram 8.4 (i#)) In Diagram :.8! s+etch the #oltage$time gra%h across the resistor if a ca%acitor is connecte& across resistor H! %arallel with the resistor. C2marksD Volt#ge / V

10

20

30

13

Time / ms
50

40

Diagram 8.5

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Section B
[20 marks] Answer any one in section ;.) Diagram ; shows a ball %lace& onto smooth incline %lane at %oint 3. The ball is rolling &own o#er the incline %lane cause& b" gra#itational %otential energ". 3oint 4 an& %oint H are at the mi&&le of the incline %lane an& at the groun& res%ecti#el".

Diagram 9 a) What is meant b" gra#itational %otential energ"? C 1markD

b) (i) Gsing Diagram ;! com%are the height of the ball! the gra#itational %otential energ" of the ball! the #elocit" of the ball an& the +inetic energ" of the ball at %oint 3 an& %oint 4. De&uce the relationshi% between the +inetic energ" an& the gra#itational %otential e#erg" of the rolling ball. C8 marksD (ii) Name the %h"sical %rinci%le in#ol#e& in (b) (i) . C 1markD

c) 1)%lain what ha%%ens to the #elocit" of the ball when it reaches %oint H on the groun&. C 3marksD

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&) Base& on the %h"sical %rinci%le abo#e! "ou are re*uire& to &esign a roller s+ate trac+. Gsing a%%ro%riate %h"sics conce%t! e)%lain the &esign of the roller s+ate trac+ so that it can be use& to oscillate s+ate boar& continuousl". /our answer shoul& inclu&e the following as%ects 7 (i) ,ha%e of the trac+ (ii) ,lo%e of the trac+ (iii) ,urface of the trac+ (i#) ,afet" (#) Jaterial of the trac+ .

C19 marksD

19.) Diagram 19.1 an& Diagram 19.2 show the gra%h of ra&ioacti#it" for two &ifference sources.

Diagram 10.1

16

Diagram 10.2 a) b) c) &) What is meant b" ra&ioacti#it" ? C1markD

Gsing Diagram 19.1 an& Diagram 19.2! com%are initial ra&ioacti#e mass! rate of ra&ioacti#e &eca" an& time ela%se& for the two sources. C( marksD ,tate the relationshi% between the fraction of ra&ioacti#e source that remains an& the time ela%se& to &e&uce a rele#ant %h"sics conce%t. C2 marksD The %roton number of uranium (G) is ;2. Granium$2(>! one of the uranium ra&ioisoto%es! &eca" to Thorium$2(2 (Th) b" emitting an al%ha %article. (i) Write the nuclear e*uation e)%ressing the al%ha &eca" of
2(> ;2

G C2marksD

(ii) Briefl" &escribe the change which occurs in the nucleus of Granium$ 2(> &uring the &eca". C 2 marksD

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Diagram 10.3 e) A &octor wants to &etect the %resence of bloc+ages in the bloo& #essels B" in'ecting a suitable ra&ioisoto%e as tracer into the bloo& stream of the %atient! a &octor shoul& be able to i&entif" the %art of bo&" that not recei#ing enough bloo&. Gsing "our +nowle&ge on ra&ioacti#it" an& Diagram 19.(! e)%lain on the following as%ect 7 (i) The state of the ra&ioisoto%e (ii) T"%e of ra&iation of the ra&ioisoto%e use as a tracer. (iii) Falf$life of the ra&ioacti#e material. (i#) 1*ui%ment use& to &etect the ra&ioacti#e ra&iation from the flowing bloo& in the #essels flow in the %atient. (#) Fow the &etection s"stem wor+s. C19 marksD

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Section B
[20 marks] Answer any one in section 11. a) Diagram 11 shows a %ortable snac+ bo) that can +ee% the snac+ insi&e the bo) col& or warm. The bo) is able to maintain the tem%erature of snac+ for a long time.

Diagram 11 Table 11 shows the characteristics of materials which coul& be use& to ma+e the snac+ container. __________-haracteristi Densit" ,%ecific heat Jelting Thermal c ca%acit" 3oint con&ucti#it" Jaterial A (999 :99 1899 Figh B 2999 >99 ;99 5ow 1899 1299 299 5ow D :99 1>99 (9 5ow 1 2<89 889 1999 Figh Table 11 (i) What is meant b" s%ecific heat ca%acit"? C 1markD (ii) /our are re*uire& to in#estigate the characteristics of the materials in Table 11 which coul& be use& to ma+e the snac+ container in Diagram 11. 1)%lain the suitabilit" of each characteristic in Table 11. Fence! &etermine which material is most suitable to be use& to ma+e the snac+ container. =ustif" "our choice. C 10marks D b) 299g of hot water at :99- is %oure& into a %lastic cu% an& is allowe& to cool &own to room tem%erature of (99-. (i) ,+etch a tem%erature$time gra%h for the cooling %rocess of the hot water. C( marksD (ii) Determine the amount of heat lost from the hot water. The s%ecific heat of water is 2299=+g$1K$1. C3 marksD

1"

(iii) Fot water is %oure& into a glass which has a small crac+. At is obser#e& that the si e of the crac+ increases. 1)%lain this obser#ation. C 3 marksD 12 (a) Diagram A illustrates an electric bell o%erate& b" batter".

(i) What is meant b" the term electromagnet?

C1markD

(ii) 1)%lain wh" the hammer re%eate&l" stri+es the bell when the switch is close&. C 6marksD (iii) 1)%lain wh" the bell also wor+s when a low #oltage a.c. is use& instea& of the &.c. su%%l". C( mar+sD

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(b) Diagram

shows the National Eri& Networ+.

The following table gi#es information on four t"%es of cables that coul& be use& for the transmissions of electricit" o#er the National Eri& Networ+. Conductivity(S m! 1.<; . 19< (.89 . 19< 8.;> . 19< ;.2( . 19> Rate "or t#ermal e$%ansion 5ow Je&ium 5ow Je&ium

Resistance ( Material Density (kg m3 ) km1 ) ! " # $ 9.>: 1.(: 9.(2 9.8( >.; 19( (.9 19( 2.8 19( :.2 19(

1)%lain the suitabilit" of each characteristic in the table an& hence &etermine which cable is most suitable to be use&. =ustif" "our choice. C19 marksD

21

Answer & 1. a) i) i) b) 2. i) ii)

Ammeter To measure the 3otential Difference across constantan wire LL measure 3otential Difference between two %oint. 0ero error M 1NA Accurac" M 1 NA @elocit" is the rate of change of &is%lacement Total &is%lacement M Area un&er gra%h M O C(1:$>)P(22)D) (2) M <2m (1mar+ for correct unit)

1 1 1 1 1 1P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

iii) A#erage #elocit" M total &is%lacement L time M <2mL22s M (ms$1 (. a) $ &e%th in li*ui& $ &ensit" of li*ui& &) i) 3) M Qhg M (9.:.19()(2)(19) M 1>999 3a ii) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3" M 3) P Qhg M 1>999 P (1.9.19()(1)(19) iii) M 2>999 3a $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ 3 M 3" P Qhg M 2>999 P(1.1.19()(1)(19) M (<9993a c) $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $3ressure of .! /! 0 is ero! 2. $because li*ui& &ro% together. a) 5en 6s 5aw state that the &irection of current in&uce& will b) o%%ose the change which causes of it 37 north %olarit" 47 south %olarit"

c) 1

22

&)

1 1 1

e) 8 a) b) c) $ increase the rate of motion of magnetic bar $ increase the number of turn of coin in the solenoi& $ gal#anometer %ointer will &eflect but o%%osite to &eflection when the magnetic bar mo#e towar& solenoi&. > a) i) $ same amount of heat su%%lie& in a secon& ii) $ recei#e same amount of heat iii) $ same mass $ same initial tem%erature b) i) Feat su%%l" M energ" su%%l" b" heater M3)t ii) M (9 ) 18 ) >9 iii) M 2<999 = 4MmcR 2<999 M 2. - . (>9$2<) - M 29;.1 =+g$1K$1 $ ,oft iron core $ easil" to magneti e& or &emagneti e& ii) @L229M128L2999 iii) @ M 18@ (1mar+ for correct unit) $o%m#l &%ig't(ess me#(s t'e )olt#ge s*++lie, to # &*l& is t'e s#me i#) #s t'e )olt#ge %#ti(gs o( t'e &*l&. 12 3 = 36 V 3ower in%ut M3ower out%ut A (229) M 22 . ( A M 9.( A Wa#e motion is the transfer of energ" from one location to another location without the transfer of matter. 23 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1P1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

&)

<. a) i)

b) i)

Ja)

ii) : a) i) b) ii) iii) c) &) e)

Trans#erse wa#e The &irection of #ibration is %er%en&icular to the &irection of %ro%agation of the wa#e motion. D

2 1 1 1 1

D is e*ual to a &istance of two wa#elengths. $ Wa#elength becomes smaller. $ ,%ee& becomes smaller. $ Am%litu&e becomes bigger. v M fS M ; ) ; M :1 cm s$1 i#) v M fS M ; ) 2 M (> cm s$1 ,ilicon Diagram :.1 is forwar&$biase& Diagram :.2 is re#erse$biase& The ammeter rea&ing in Diagram :.1 is higher but Diagram :.2 is ero The connection of the &io&e an& the connection of the &r" cell At con#erts alternating current to &irect current D1 an& D( D2 an& D2

1 1 1 1 1 1 2

'(

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;. a) b) i)

1nerg" cause& b" #ertical %osition from groun& $ The height of the ball at 3 T at 4 $ Era#itational %otential e#erg of the ball at 3 T at 4 $ The #elocit" of the ball at 4 T at 3 $ The Kinetic energ" at 4 T at 3 $ The Kinetic energ" increases as the gra#itational %otential energ" &ecreases. 3rinci%le of conser#ation of energ" $ @elocit" increases $ Kinetic energ" ma)imum L increase $ Base& on the %rinci%le of conser#ation of energ"! gra#itational %otential energ" is ero because change& to ma)imum +inetic energ". $ ,emi circular cur#e sha%e& $ 1)change between +inetic energ" an& gra#itational %otential energ" easil" $ Ancreasing L &ecreasing slo%e slightl" $ 1asil" oscillates cause& b" changing of energ" $ ,mooth surface $ 1asil" to mo#es LL He&uce frictional force $ ,oft la"er at the surface $ He&uce im%ulsi#e force when lan&ing L acci&ent. $ ,trong material LL concrete of foun&ation of the trac+. $ Withstan& to the high force cause& b" 'um%ing an& lan&ing

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 '(

ii) c)

&)

19. a) b)

Ha&ioacti#e &eca" is the %rocess in which an unstable nucleus 1 becomes stable b" emitting ra&ioacti#e ra"s. $ The initial ra&ioacti#e mass of Diagram 19.1 is same to Diagram 19.2 $ the rate of ra&ioacti#e &eca" of Diagram 19.2 is faster than Diagram 19.1 $ Diagram 19.1 ta+en longer time to ela%se& the sources than Diagram 19.2 $ The time ta+en for the fraction of ra&ioacti#e source to become half is same to the time ta+en to ela%se& half of the source. $ The time ta+en of both call half$life. 1 1 1

c)

1 1

25

&) i) ii)
2(> ;2 2(2 ;9

2 2

Fe

2 1 1

Th

G M

e) i)

$ The %roton in the nucleus of Granium will &ecrease from ;2 to ;9 &uring the &eca" $ The number of neutron in the nucleus of Granium is remain 122 &uring the &eca" $ 5i*ui& $ because li*ui& state can flow with bloo& $ Eamma ra" $ Because it can easil" %ass through the tissues $ must short (less than 22 hour) $ a#oi& the ra&iation sta" too long in the bo&" $ Eeiger$Juller Tube $ EJ tube can &etect the gamma ra" $ the ra&ioisoto%e emitte& the gamma ra" $ &etector trace or &etect continuousl" to monitor the mo#ement of the ra&ioisoto%e

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

'(

11. a) i) ii)

,%ecific heat ca%acit" is the amount of heat re*uire& to raise the tem%erature of 1+g of a substance b" 1K. $ 5ow Densit" $ eas" to carrier the container L weight of container will be light $ ,%ecific heat must high $ At able to recei#e more heat from e)terior! LL it can remain the tem%erature in the bo). $ Figh Jelting %oint $ -an resist high tem%erature $Thermal con&ucti#it" must be low $ so that heat transfer between the bo) interior an& the e)terior surroun&ing is low.

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

26

A choose material - because it has low &ensit"! high s%ecific 1 heat ca%acit"! high melting %oint an& low thermal con&ucti#it". 1 b) i) - / 0. 80 ( 30 Time / s ii) 1 mar+ with correct a)is with the unit. 1 mar+ for the sha%e of the gra%h 1 mar+ for label with im%ortance %oint in tem%erature 4MmcR M9.2)2299)(:9$(9) M:2K= (1mar+ to correct unit) When hot water is %oure& into the glass! the glass becomes hotter an& e)%an&s. This causes the crac+ to get bigger. 12 .
a)

iii )

1 1P1 1 1 1 '( 1 Ja )(

i) ii)

An electromagnet is ma&e b" win&ing a coil of insulate& wire roun& a soft iron core! so that it becomes a magnet when a current is %asse& through the coil. $When the switch is close&! current flows! the G$sha%e& iron core becomes a magnet an& %ulls the iron armature an& the hammer hits the bell $When the armature is attracte& b" the electromagnet! the contact between the armature an& the screw is bro+er! the circuit is not com%lete! no current flows! the iron$core loses all its magnetism! the armature is %ull bac+ to its initial %osition b" the s%ring" steel! there is contact between the armature an& the screw again.

Ja )(

Ja )(

27

iii)

$The %rocess &escribe abo#e will re%eat continuousl" an& $cause the hammer to hit the bell re%eate&l". $The a.c will magneti e& the soft$iron too! $an& also attract the iron$armature $ Hesistance must low $ less energ" loss U less heat %ro&uce $ Densit" must low $ cable is not hea#" LL eas" to carr" $ -on&ucti#it" must high $ more current can carr" L current eas" flow L less resistance $ Hate for thermal e)%ansion must low $ less sagging (e)tension) of the cables in hot weather LL no e)tension in high tem%erate / is most suitable because " has low resistance! low &ensit"! high con&ucti#it" an& low rate for thermal e)%ansion.

b)

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

'(

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