Wasson and Company: The Entheogenic Theory of Religion

Three Generations of Psychonauts: G1 This URL page is topical inventory ith comments! set in the chronological frame or" proposed in the tal"s on futureprimitive#org! $Rapture and Revolution#$ %or the interest of readers and listeners to futureprimitive#org! our t in site! here is a P&RT '(E of an inventory of the three generations of psychonauts proposed in the first tal"# )t gives the time parameters of the *+,year intervals and lists some characteristic events! landmar" -oo"s pu-lished! government activities in mind control! etc# ) have also added comments .-ac"grounded in green/ on the themes and trends of each generation# Readers are elcome to contri-ute information! dates and events! and comments on the theoretical development of entheogenic theory# This inventory is in development! and ) ill -e adding material as it unfolds! indicating updates on the home page# ) am also adding lin"s so that eventually these pages can serve as a resourcing and orientation tool! designating the "ey moments of the

entheogenic revolution ,, one of hich is right no # 0LL %e-ruary 1++2 &ndalucia! under 3upiter,venus in the &rcher! -alsamic moon in the 4corpion! -eneath antares Where an individual stands on the issue of access to psychoactive plants ill determine! more than any other issue! ho that individual engages in the coming planetary shift# psychonaut: somone ho navigates the psyche -y the aid of psychoactive plants given -y nature! or synthetic compounds produced in the la-oratory# Term proposed -y Ernst 0unger# Wi"ipedia: & psychonaut .from the Gree" 56789:;<=>! meaning literally a sailor of the mind?soul/ is a person ho uses altered states of consciousness! intentionally induced! to investigate his or her mind! and possi-ly address spiritual @uestions! through direct eAperience# Psychonauts tend to -e pluralistic! illing to eAplore mystical traditions from esta-lished orld religions! meditation! lucid dreaming! technologies such as -rain ave entrainment and sensory deprivation! and often psychedelic drugs .entheogens/# Because techni@ues that alter consciousness can -e dangerous! and can induce a state of eAtreme suscepti-ility! psychonauts generally prefer to underta"e these eAplorations either alone! or in the company of people they trust# Therefore! they are averse to using altered consciousness in a social or $party$ conteAt# Psychonauts generally regard the latter sort of use as irresponsi-le and dangerous# psychonautics: the practice and techni@ue of eAploring altered states of consciousnessC a mode of cultural,cognitive eApression! compara-le to physics! esthetics! ethics! etc# The Wi"ipedia entry reflects a -ias inherent to the generally agreed definition: namely! psychonauts eAplore $inner states$ or investigate their o n minds# (o here does the definition specify that nature! the eAternal orld! the -iosphere! or the cosmos at large! could also -e investigated psychonautically# But given that psyche and cosmos are co, emergent! contiguous! interpenetrating and interactive! eAploration of the one ill lead to the other# This @ualification is perhaps helpful in pointing out that psychonautics is not navel,gaDing! or the mere narcissistic contemplation of su-3ective states! moods! and impressions#

G1 psychonaut &ldous EuAley characteriDed his eAperience ith mescaline as an encounter ith $Find at Large#$ To allo that Find at Large is present and active -oth inside our minds and in the eAternal orld independent of us affords an eApanded vie of psychonautics# &n old Gnostic adage says! $(ot everything that transpires in the human mind originates there#$ Prelude: 1G*1 Brave (e World! the dystopian novel -y &ldous EuAley! is set in London in 1HI+ &J# The novel -rilliantly anticipates many aspects of life today: reproductive technology or eugenics! -iological engineering! $sleep,learning!$ enforced euthanasia! and mass addiction# )n EuAleyKs vision of the "ind of orld that might a ait us in the future! a drug called 4oma plays a central role in -ehavioral control of the population# The author too" this term from ancient Ledic teAts descri-ing a plant .its -otanical identity then! and still! disputed/ that produces a state of divine ine-riation# G1 psychonaut R# Gordon Wasson! ho proposed the entheogenic theory of religion! devoted a good part of his studies to proving that the Ledic 4oma as the amanita muscaria or fly,agaric mushroom# )f this ere so! it ould have -een the supreme natural source of religious eAperience for the human species# But 4oma in Brave (e World is a soporific drug used to dum- do n and appease the masses! in sharp contrast to the su-lime psychoactive sacrament cele-rated -y Wasson# (o one in this future orld spends any time alone! -ecause the 4tate supplies the populace ith 4oma# )ts effect is to ma"e everyone -lissfully o-livious to pain and distress! compliant and content to do the tas"s assigned to them in the rigid caste,system they inha-it# 4oma has no short,term side effects! -ut long,term a-use to death -y respiratory failure# The contrast -et een EuAleyKs and WassonKs connnotations for 4oma is stri"ing! and instructive! oddly recalling the FarAian adage that religion is the opiate of the masses# )n the orld today there is no 4oma! although some of the large pharmaceutical companies are certainly on the ay to concocting it! if they havenKt already# Fean hile! religious faith serves for millions the same function as 4tate,prescri-ed 4oma: it appeases the population and "eeps everyone in their place .$Religion!$ (apoleon @uipped! $is hat

"eeps the poor from "illing the rich#$/! &nd ith the admonishing voice of God in your mind! you are never alone# 4ee and hear EuAley tal" a-out his dystopian vision and state,controlled methods of -ehavioral modification# Brave (e World is a visionary masterpiece that -ecomes all the more revealing hen compared to George 'r ellKs 1G2I! hich appeared siAteen years later# Generation 1: 1G*H , 1GMH 1G*H Fo-sters Luc"y Luciano and Feyer Lan"sy traveled in &sia to ma"e contacts ith the Chinese syndicates and opium dealers! thus setting up the infrastructure for future glo-al heroine traffic"ing! and! at the same! inciting and supporting anti,communist resistance in a manner consistent ith U4 policies and military aims# The tactic of co, ordinating covert operations or $-lac" ops$ ith the profita-le drug traffic! pu-licly eAposed for the first time in the )ran?Contra affair in 1G2N! as ell esta-lished -y the time the first Generation of psychonauts da ned# The policy of the &uthorities to condemn naturally given psychoactive plants or their synthetic eAtracts! set up a false $ ar on drugs!$ and finance their all,too,real ars -y traffic"ing in harmful and addictive drugs! is a long,esta-lished and relia-le method used -y the Evil %e to terroriDe the orld# )n fact! this type of deception has -een going on for centuries! going -ac" to the Witch CraDe in Europe# 4ee & Brief Eistory of Jrugs -y &ntonio Escohotado# Fore on Lans"y in 1GIN# 1G*M &ntonin &rtaud! the %rench visionary poet ho proposed the $theater of cruelty!$ under ent a peyote initiation ith the Tarahumara )ndians of FeAico# &rtaudKs eAperience ith the Tarahumara )ndians in 1G*M as a psychic ordeal and a spiritual revelation# The images he -rought -ac" , the signs and dance! the ritual slaughter of the -ull and the drin"ing of its -lood! the echoes of &tlantis , ere to haunt him for the rest of his life# This mosaic or"! ritten over a period of t elve years and spanning &rtaudKs stay at the Eopital Psychiatri@ue in RodeD! documents &rtaudKs struggle to integrate an over helming mystical eAperience into his o n religious and mental -eing# .%rom http:?? #csp#org?chrestomathy?peyoteOdance#html/

&rtaudKs visions reported -y 0eff Wells )n 4piritual Warriors of the Grail! ) cited &rtaudKs account in this conteAt of the &rthurian "nights ho protected the diaspora of the Fystery 4chools: The Grail "nights ere dedicated to protect a sacred treasure they themselves had never seen and! in most cases! ould never see# &t the very least! they understood the Grail to -e something fantastic that im-ued their lives ith magical po er# )nspired -y a su-lime reality that lay -eyond their reach! they turned the arts of violence into a no-le calling# They ere affected -y the Grail in a ay that recalls the ords of mythophrenic genius &ntonin &rtaud .in $The Peyote Rite &mong the Tarahumara )ndians$/: The %antastic is of a no-le @uality! its disorder is only apparent! it really o-eys an order that is fashioned mysteriously and on a level hich normal consciousness does not reach -ut hich Fagic allo s us to reach! and hich is the very mystery of all poetry# Late 1G*+s to 1GI1 Eenri FichauA .12GG , 1G2I/! Belgian poet and painter! travelled in Eduador here he encountered native shamanism and later! in the 1GH+s! eAperimented ith mescaline! as recorded . ith a depressive Belgian spin/ in Fisera-le Firacle .1GHM/# 1G*2 The Peyote Cult -y Weston La Barre! &merican anthropologist ho suggest a lost tradition of psychedelic shamanism# Wi"ipedia: Juring the 1GH+s and 1GM+s! La Barre -ecame a-sor-ed in the study of altered states of consciousness precipitated -y the ingestion of shamanistic plants from peyote and ayahuasca to magic mushrooms# Colla-orating ith 4chultes and R# Gordon Wasson! La Barre conducted profoundly original investigations into the anthropology and archeology of altered states of consciousness# Convinced that the shamanism of 4i-eria as e@uivalent to the shamanic practices he had o-served in the &mericas! La Barre esta-lished a glo-al theory of shamanism that supplanted that of Fircea Eliade# Late 1G*+s Richard &llan 4chultes! a young -otanist from Earvard University! as in FeAico investigating the -otanical species associated ith sacred cults and indigenous shamanism#

0anuary 1*! 1GI1 Wilhelm Reich meets &l-ert Einstein in Princeton and the t o men tal" for five yours! mainly a-out ReichKs theory of cosmic orgone# &t that moment hen ethno-otanists such as 4hultes ere on the trac" of shamanic practices that ould reintroduce animism into the modern orld! Reich as eAplaining to the orldKs -est "no n scientist that the entire universe is animated -y an erotically charged vital force called orgone# &pril 1GI* 4 iss chemist &l-ert Eofmann! ho as to -ecome a close colleague of 4chultes! accidently a-sor-ed L4J,1H on his fingertipsPa chance event hich! to some minds! changed the course of human evolution# 1GIH The Perennial Philosophy -y &ldous EuAley outlined a frame or" of mystical and speculative eAperience dra n from first,hand testimonies and traditions in different culture and ages! -ut ithout reference to psychoactive plants or indigenous shamanism# : $the metaphysic that recogniDes a divine Reality su-stantial to the orld of things and lives and mindsC the psychology that finds in the soul something similar to! or even identical ith! divine RealityC the ethic that places manKs final end in the "no ledge of the immanent and transcendent Ground of all -eingC the thing is immemorial and universal# Rudiments of the perennial philosophy may -e found among the traditional lore of primitive peoples in every region of the orld! and in its fully developed forms it has a place in every one of the higher religions# Jecem-er 1GIH Thirteen codices .leather-ound -oo"s ith papyrus pages/ ritten in Coptic! -elieved to -e ancient teAts derived from Gnostic groups suppressed -y Christianity! ere discovered near (ag Eammadi in Upper Egypt! a-out *H miles north of LuAor# &lthough the (ag Eammadi Codices .(EC/ contain no overt evidence of entheogenic practice! i#e#! no single teAtual mention or allusion! they descri-e states of visionary trance typical of plant,induced illumination! including eAplicit descriptions of the mil"y luminosity of the 'rganic Light# )n the second generation! research -y Wasson and others ould esta-lish on solid evidence and comparative studies that sacred plants and mushrooms ere used in the pagan Fysteries in hich Gnostics figured as founding mem-ers and teachers# (ot in Eis )mage: Gnostic Lision! 4acred Ecology! and the %uture of Belief is the or" of a G1 author ith a G* message# )t delves into the entheogenic rites of the Fysteries and discloses the sacred secret of instruction -y the 'rganic Light# Eence it lin"s this G1 event! the discovery at (ag Eammadi! ith the emergent perspectives of 11st century psychonautics! and points to ard the G* concept of telestic shamanism#

Pu-lisherKs Page# &maDon#com ith revie s! including the full,page L#&# Times 4unday Calender section revie -y 0onathan Qirsch! $The (e Gnosis#$ By an eAtraordinary synchronicity! the significance of the Gnostic Egyptian materials as not recogniDed until the summer of 1GIN! the moment of the discovery of the Jead 4ea 4crolls# The t o greatest teAtual archeological finds of the 1+th century ere nearly simultaneous# &s it turned out! -oth the 4crolls and the (ag Eammadi codices ere to figure into the entheogenic movement! the J44 in the second generation through 0ohn &llegro! and the (EC in the third! hen the full eAtent of entheogenic practices in the ancient Fysteries came to -e more clearly understood# 1GIM &uto-iography of a Rogi -y Paramahansa Rogananda as a -est,seller in the U4&#! and su-se@uently translated into t enty,five languages# )t remains today a classic of the )ndian yogic tradition! and a milestone mar"ing the arrival of &sian mahatmas and gurus on Western shores# The 4elf,RealiDation %ello ship! founded -y Rogananda in 1G1+ in Los &ngeles! is still active# RoganandaKs -oo" contains a spectacular description of samadhi! transport into cosmic consciousness! that he under ent hile under the guidance of his guru! 4hri Ru"tesh ar# Ee lin"s the supreme mystical eAperience ith "undalini! the 4erpent Po er# &lthough many accounts of psychonautic illumination resem-le that of Rogananda! the role of "undalini in plant,induced ecstatic trance as o-scure in G1 and remains so! more or less! today# Eo ever! the -rea"through signaled -y 0eremy (ar-y in The Cosmic 4erpent -rings a hole ne perspective to the "undalini issue# 1GIN &merican President Truman introduced the Loyalty Program to allo imprisonment in concentration camps of anyone suspected $to sympathiDe ith totalitarian ideas#$ The la as targeted at Communists in the U4& and! later! anyone ho opposed the Qorean War# & forerunner of crypto,fascist legislation such as the Patriot &ct! the Loyalty Program as heavily cited -y 0oseph FcCarthy! head of the comission for &nti,&merican activities# Eis consulting attorney as mo-ster Feyer Lans"y! ho as to -ecome a close friend and legel advisor of Richard (iAon# By setting up the infrastructure for the U4 to deal ith Lietnamese druglords ho ere encouraged to resist the communists! Lans"y provided a crucial advantage to (iAon hen it came to aging the Lietnam War# Rears later in 1GN*! Timothy Leary as eAtradited from &fghanistan -y the U4

government P perhaps the first recorded instance of $eAtraordinary rendition#$ Ee and 0oanna,Earcourt 4mith arrived in L#&# on the day that Feyer Lans"y as charged ith taA evasion! threatening President (iAon ith the ris" that his close lin" to the Foould -e eAposed# &ccording to 0oanna .Paramour , Fy Life ith Timothy Leary! unpu-lished F4 to -e posted chapter -y chapter on this site/! (iAon timed the sensational event of capturing Leary! ho as condemned as the high,profile proponent of psychedelics and an $ideological traffic"er!$ to distract pu-lic attention from Lans"yKs arrest# &nd so it ent: LearyKs arrest as all over the front pages! and the ne s a-out Lans"y got -uried# 4ummer 1GIN )in a flight over Fount Rainier! Washington 4tate! Pilot Qenneth &rnold reported a U%' sighting that -rought the term $flying saucer$ into the mainstream# & month later! on 0uly N! occurred the alleged crash of an alien spacecraft in Ros ell! (e FeAico# &lthough dramatic mass sightings of U%' had -een happening ith increasing fre@uency through the century! going -ac" to the %atima miracles of 1G1N! these t o events signalled a ave of mass interest in ET?U%' phenomenon# 4ummer 1GIN launched the modern U%' craDe and gave -irth to the $eAtraterrestrial hypothesis$: namely! the U4 government cut a deal ith Grey ETs rescued at Ros ell! allo ing the aliens to eAperiment on and inter-reed ith human -eings in eAchange for secrets of advanced technology# 'f the nine theories of eAtraterrestial contact currently in play! the ET hypothesis is -y far the most idely discussed and accepted# )t dovetails in maifold ays ith other conspiracy theories involving the )lluminati and &nnuna"i! in many variations# )t ould e no eAaggeration to say that the ET hypothesis is most idely -elieved theory of alien intrusion in the orld today# %or millions around the orld! this hypothesis has -een confirmed -y close encounters! a-ductions! channelings! and ineAplica-le sightings# &s the psychonatuic adventure unfolds in G1 and G*! it -ecomes apparent that some "ind of alien encounter is present in heightened perception due to psychoactive plants# )s the psychonautic adventure the portal .$stargate$/ to an off,planet eAcursion! or perhaps an eAodus of humanity from earth; 'r is the ET?U%' encounter a tric"ster phenomenon intended to teach us something a-out our uni@ue terrestrial destiny; &head! in the G*! e ill see in the ayahuasca paintings of Pa-lo &meringo .(orth &tlantic Boo"s! 1GG1,GG/ eAplicit evidence that U%' visions -elong to the oldest indigenous traditions on the planet# (ovem-er 1GIN The emergence of psychoactive tecchnology in the form of L4J in 1GI*! simultaneous ith the development of glo-al destructive technology in the form of the &,-om- and the E,-om-! present a stri"ing parallelism! often -een noted -y those

ho ant to stress humanityKs choice of t o paths: auto,annihilation or mass illumination# But perhaps the synchronicity at play here might -etter -e vie ed in consideration of a three,fold dynamic! rather than a t o,pole dichotomy# &dditional to L4J and the -om-s! the 1GI+s -rought into history the -affling issue of the ET?U%' connection# This connection emerged in a manner that lin"s it intimately to the formation of the modern 4tate of )srael# The War 4croll &s noted a-ove on the Gnostic teAts discovered at (ag Eammadi in Jecem-er 1GIH! the importance of this find as not realiDed until 0une 1GIN# &t the eAact same moment! in )srael! the first traces of the Jead 4ea 4crolls ere discovered# Through the summer! eAperts or"ing on the scrolls gradually understood hat they had in their hands! -ut the -iggest surprise of all as yet to come# 'n (ovem-er 1G! 1GIN! the ne ly,created United (ations approved the U( Partition Plan .U( General &ssem-ly Resolution 121/ dividing the country into t o states! one &ra- and one 0e ish! and setting up the political frame for the modern state of )srael# )n short! this plan creates the insolu-le pro-lem of Palestinian occupation# The 4tate of )srael as proclaimed on Fay 1I! 1GI2! one day -efore the eApiry of the British Fandate for Palestine! and immediately five &ra-ic countries S Egypt! 4yria! 0ordan! Le-anon and )ra@ S attac"ed )srael! igniting the &ra-,)sraeli War# Jue to -eing the son of 0e ish archeologist EleaDar 4u"eni"! university student Rigael Radin .1G1N , 1G2I/! got ind of the 4crolls as soon as they came to light# )n (ovem-er 1GIN! Radin as called into active service -y Javid Ben,Gurion! and -ecame Eead of 'perations during )sraelKs War of )ndependence! ma"ing him responsi-le for many of the "ey decisions made during the course of that ar# )n his memoirs Radin descri-es his shoc" of recognition at reading the War 4croll at the very moment that 4tate of )srael as going to ar for its independence# Ee sa in the creation of the independent 4tate of )srael the aim of the militant mystics of Tumran! ho rote the 4croll# )n (ot in Eis )mage! ) descri-ed the origin of the War 4croll in this ay: &fter the Ba-ylonian Captivity! hen prominent 0e ish scri-es a-sor-ed the Uoroastrian concept of a-solute duality! Cosmic Good against Cosmic Evil! the ideologues of the 0e ish li-eration movement called Uado"ites -egan to propound $a ne ! highly radicaliDed apocalypticism that emphasiDed a cosmic confrontation -et een Good! represented -y the Children of )srael! and Evil! represented -y 3ust a-out everyone else in the orld# This vision found its ultimate eApression in the War 4croll found at Tumran# Ree"ing hatred and vindictiveness li"e a cho"ing haDe of ammonia fumes! the War 4croll is a -iDarre com-ination of military,drill recital and panoramic mystical vision# )t descri-es

the -attlefield tactics for the final clash -et een the 4ons of Light and the 4ons of Jar"ness# 'ne of the first seven teAts found at Tumran! this scroll as initially identified -y scholars at the very moment hen the United (ations voted to form the state of )srael in (ovem-er! 1GIN# The sym-olism of this coincidence as not lost on many of those ho lived through that dramatic moment! -oth in )srael and else here#$ The point ) am suggesting here is that the glo-al conflict facing the orld since 1GIN may -e vie ed in terms of higher a areness versus destructive madness! Good versus Evil! -ut it may -e impossi-le to resolve this polarity ithout considering a third factor! namely! the non,human! eAtraterrestrial ET connection# The convergence of these three themes remains an ongoing issue of de-ate in 1G and *G psychonautics#

%or more on the triangular (EL,J44,U%'! see (eAus 1GIN here ) cite specific teAtual evidence of U%' sightings in the Jead 4ea 4crolls! and compare the genocidal apocalyptism of the 4crolls ith the psychonautic vie of ETs idely developed in Gnostic teachings# 1GIN The %unction of the 'rgasm -y Wilhelm Reich summariDed a uni@ue course of investigation and theoriDation ongoing since 1G*H! at the start of G1# &lthough Reich . ho died in a %ederal Prison in 1GHN/ as not directly involved in any aspect of the entheogenic movement! he as a "ey figure in the closely related $encounter groups$ of the 1GM+s! and he as! -y some accounts! the pre,eminent guru of seAual li-eration# The %unction of the 'rgasm! hich might -e ran"ed among the Top 1+ most significant -oo"s of the 1+th Century! -elongs to the $1GIN (eAus$# Curiously! the emergence of ET?U%'mania in that same year seemed to have caught ReichKs attention! -ecause in the last remaining decade of his life he investigated U%'s and atmospheric phenomena at the 'rgone )nstitute in Rangeley! Faine# Eis last -oo" as a-out the U%' phenomena! hich he perceived as a symptom of a pernicious degeneration of cosmic orgone! the cosmic life,force# Reich arned of the ris" of J'R! deadly orgone radiation# 0ust -efore his arrest and imprisonment! Reich discussed his ideas on orgonotics and cosmic superimpositon ith &l-ert Einstein# 1GI2 , IG George 'r ell .1G+* , 1GH+/ rote 1G2I! a star" depiction of a totalitarian state in hich $Big Brother )s Watching Rou#$ )n many ays 'r ells nightmare has come true# The UQ! his native land! no leads the orld in the num-er of surveillance cameras ,, CCTL! closed,circuit television ,, aimed on the pu-lic 1I?1I! every day of

the year# )n England today you can thro a gum rapper in the street and -e accosted -y a voice from a loadspea"er telling you to pic" it up# The political semantic tric" of $dou-lespea"$ is no idespread in the glo-al media: the ar on terror is a ar of terror on the people it claims to protect! etc# But in one respect 'r ell may have -een ay off the mar"# )nfluenced -y the spectre of 4talinist Russia! he imagined a society hose mem-ers are forced -y constant surveillance and intimidation into enslavement and a life of -lea" monotony# Compare this vie to EuAleyKs o-servation that people ill demand and em-race hat enslaves them# )n Brave (e World! 4oma is administered -y the 4tate! -ut the citiDens accept it and demand it! thus insuring their total compliance ith the system that controls and oppresses them# (otrhing matters -ut the feel,good factor# The most po erful form of control is that hich does not have to -e enforced -ut it illingly adopted# .)n religious terms! )slam represents this "ind of illing! slavish su-mission to control! more than the other t o &-rahamic religions#/ We have only to loo" at the orld today to see if EuAley as closer to the truth than 'r ell# &pril 1GH+ Roscoe Eillen"oetter! Jirector of the C)&! approved pro3ect BLUEB)RJ ith the aim to develop mind control programs! produce a $Fanchurian Candidate!$ and eAperiment on human su-3ects ithout their "no ledge! in order to deli-erately create multiple personalities that could -e commanded to perform acts# )t as follo ed .0une! 1GH*/ -y FQ,ULTR&! the most notorious C)& mind control program! finally eAposed in 1GNH! although C)& director Richard Eelms had ordered most of the revealing documentation to -e destroyed t o years previously# %iles of FQ,ULTR& released under the %reedom of )nformation &ct sho that the C)& infiltrated the field of psychonautic research from its inception# )tems HN and H2 of the FQ,ULTR& contracts list records V1+2+#++ provided to R# Gordon Wasson through the C)& front! the Geschic"ter %oundation! ith the notation: $eApedition to collect hallucinogenic mushrooms#$ 0ames Foore! the C)& plant ho accompanied Wasson on one trip to FeAico! received t o grants .items H1 and H1/ totally VGH!N+1 in 1GHN and 1GH2# 1GH1 The Jay the Earth 4tood 4till! classic sci,fi film depicting the intervention of -enovolent aliens# 1GH1 4hamanism: &rchaic Techni@ues of Ecstasy -y Fircea Elaide comes out in %rench .in English! 1GMI! on the G1,G1 cusp/# Eliade! a comparative mythologist and historian of religions of Rumanian origin ho later taught at the University of Chicago# esta-lished a profile of the shaman -ased primarily on Eurasian enthnographical research# This profile as limited and -iased! yet it put shamanism on the intellectual

map as a topic orthy of discussion and investigation -y many non,specialists# Perhaps the most significant factor in EliadeKs classic -oo" as the presence of the ord ecstasy in the title# )t may still not fully -e understood that the shamanic and entheogenic path of eAperience involves a form of "no ledge that can only -e ac@uired in a state of ecstasy# EliadeKs profile of the shaman emphasiDes the out,of,the,-ody eAperience! ith the shaman falling into a stupor# Ee considered that narcotics ere used to produce stupefaction and -odily lassitude! not to aid or guide the shaman in the visionary state# &lthough he mentioned datura .$3imson eed$/! laurel! and hashish! Eliade did not go into the use of sacred plant medicines# )n fact! he asserted that $narcotics already represent decadence### in default of true ecstatic methods! resource is ta"en to narcotics to induce trance$ .I1N/ and $the use of narcotics is indicative of the decadence of a techni@ue of ecstasy or of its eAtension to Klo erK peoples or social groups$ .I1N! INN! Princeton University Press! Bollingen 4eries LWWL)! 1++I/# To ard the end of his life .he died in 1G2M! the same year as Wasson/! perhaps in vie of hat had transpired during the Psychedelic Era! and certainly in "no ledge of the vast amount of ne evidence indicating the entheogenic nature of shamanisn orld, ide! Eliade revised his vie # 4ept 1GH1 R# Gordon Wasson received -y mail a cue from Ro-ert Graves a-out the survival of mushroom cults in FeAico# )n 1GH*! Wasson! Lalentina and other colleagues made the first of ten successive trips into the mountains of central FeAico# Wasson first tried mushrooms -y himself! along ith his daughter Fasha ho as then 1N .-orn 1G*M! the first natural,-orn child of G1X/# Wasson met the photographer &llan Richardson in &pril 1GHI at the Century Clu- in (RC! and in Fay they ent to FeAico# Richardson too" the pictures for the Life FagaDine article of Fay! 1GHN# 1+ (ovem-er 1GH1 U%' contactee George &dams"i meets the the -lond Lenusian! 'rthon# &dams"iKs -oo" %lying 4aucers Eave Landed launched the U%' contactee craDe# Well! life imitates art: &dams"iKs scenario -rust into the orld one year after the sci,fi film! The Jay the Earth 4tood 4till# %act and fiction are not only miAed in the ET?U%' phenomenon# What can psychonautic vision and research do to help us resolve this pro-lem; 1GH* William Burroughs .1G1I , 1GGN/! godfather of the Beat Generation! ent to the &maDon here he too" ayahuasca! reported in The Rage Letters! his eAchange ith &llen Gins-urg .pu-lished 1GM*! on the G1,G1 cusp/#

.('TE: )n the tal"s on futureprimitive! $Rapture and Revolution!$ ) rongly said that Burroughs as in the &maDon in the 1G*+s! around the same time as &rtaud# ) also misstated the date of WassonKs ceremony ith Faria 4a-ina: it as 1GHH! not 1GH1# 0LL/

1GH* 'n his first trip to FeAico! R# Gordon Wasson met a one,eyed shaman! &urelio Carreras! ho lived in Euautla de 0imeneD! here Wasson later found Faria 4a-ina# 'n this occasion! the -an"er itnessed a ritual of mushroom ingestion -ut did not participate# Consistent ith tradition! Carreras as"ed Wasson if he had a @uestion or su-3ect for divination! -ut Wasson did not ta"e this prompt seriously# Ee as"ed Carreras to in@uire a-out his son! Peter# Wasson then o-served the curandero in a trance! and got details a-out his sonKs activities that proved to -e correct! and contrary to hat he "ne

.&ndy Letcher! 4hroom! p 21/# Ee as impressed that the shaman had scored a $palpa-le hit!$ -ut apparently it did not occur to him that the same method could -e applied to other! deeper! or more spiritually relevant @uestions# 1GH* &merican psychiatrist E# &-ramson received a grant of V2H!+++ to investigate hether L4J as effecting in creating $a# memory distur-ancesC -# discrediting due to a-errant -ehaviorC c# alteration of seAual ha-itsC d# handing over informationC e# suggesta-ilityC f# dependency#$ The su-stance proved more or less unrelia-le on all counts# &-ramson as one of hundreds of psychiatrists funded -y the U4 governnment to research the -ehavior control potential of psychedelics# 'peration Blue-ird -y Colin Ross eAposes this insidious program and gives many facts and names totally un"no n to the pu-lic# .This -oo" has recently -een repu-lished as The C)& Joctors#/ 4ee also the eAcellent t o,part documentation on FQ,ULTR& and later programs! The Great Jeception# Farch 1GH* Wor"ing at the Cavendish La-oratory in Cam-ridge! England! %rances Cric" and 0ames Watson discovered the structure of J(&# )nspired -y &ldous EuAleyKs novel Brave (e World! Cric" often too" L4J for the purpose of -oosting his po ers of concentration# )t as not pu-licly disclosed until after his death that Cric" as $high on acid$ hen he and Watson made their momentous discovery! recorded in their co, ritten -oo"! The Jou-le EeliA# The discovery of J(& -y Watson and Cric" as simultaneous ith &ldous EuAleyKs first eAperience ith mescaline# 'ne most onder if some "ind of planetary synchronicity applied here# EuAleyKs initial impressions under the influence of mind, altering chemicals -ased on sacred plants ere esthetic and religionsC Cric"Ks concerns ere scientific# True to the rule of $set! setting! dose!$ these t o psychonauts sa hat as appropriate to their mental frames and settings# The crucial difference in these t o eAperiences is! of course! disclosure# EuAley rote and spo"e openly of his mescaline visions! -ut Cric" as determined not to allo anyone to "no of his eAperimention ith L4J until after his death# We can only onder ho it ould have changed the perception! not to mention reception! of his discovery if the L4J factor had -een made eAplicit at the outsetX )n T ins and the Jou-le .1GG*/! ) proposed that the perception of ancestral spirits and communication ith totemic guardians and spiritual fore-ears among indigenous people is due to the fact that shamans ho use psychoactive plants can actually perceive the molecular strucure of nature! including J(&C hence they see into the ancestral

dimension# The vast ma3ority of creation,myths around the orld refer to ancestral spirits or cosmogenic deities as t ins# Creation -egins ith t inning! so it is no surpriDe that Waston and Cric" perceived the origin of life in the dou-le heliA form of J(&# The J(& molecule is itself a t inned structure! consisting of t o strands or railings united -y spanners or steps! the cross,-onded nucleotides# This entire structure stores information! including not 3ust the genomic section that defines an individual species such as human or -ee or iris! -ut the entire evolutionary memory of that species! as ell# &dditionally! J(& is t inned ith R(&! the $messenger$ that replicates the information stored in the J(& molecule# Cric" perceived under the influence of L4J hat shamans perceive ho use i-oga! ayahuasca! psilocy-in mushrooms and other sacred plants that induce visionary trace# The $hallucinations$ produced -y these plants are only chaotic to those ho lac" sufficient po er of concentration to detect coherent codes in the flood of impressions that come to them# Cric" as trained to o-serve closely! and L4J allo ed him the depth perception to peer into the molecular level of nature# &-ove left: &ncestor couple from Fa"etu! Bay of Plenty! (e Uealand# Belo right: Chinese creator,t ins! %u Esi and (u Qua $eAhi-it long ent ining tails! perfect image of the dou-le heliA as a "ind of dyadic "undalini$ .T ins and the Jou-le/# Fay 1GH* &ldous EuAley! orld,famous Britist intellectual and novelist! too" mescaline sulfate at his home in the Eolly ood Eills# This as the first of hat ere to -e ten psychedelic trips# These eAperiences inspired EuAley to -ecome a passionate advocate of mind,altering su-stances! to hich he assigned a supreme religious and esthetic value! -ut he reserved their use for an elite# 1GHI The Joors of Perception -y &ldous EuAley! a leading G1 psychonaut# This -oo" is idely credited ith launching the Psychedelic Fovement of the 1GM+s# EuAley too" synthetic psychedelics! mescaline and L4J! -ut not mushrooms# The L4J story runs in parallel to the Wasson story! and the lines rarely cross! although EuAley did meet Wasson in (e Ror" City# The t o men did not 3ive#

1GHI Ro-ert E# L# Fasters! pioneer in consciousness research and the human potential

movement! -egan eAperiments ith peyote that eventually led to a systematic protocol of L4J psychotherapy# )n colla-oration ith his ife 0ean Eouston! Fasters rote The Larieties of Psychedelic EAperience! hich appeared in 1GMM! the first year of Generation 1 of the Psychonautic &dventure# )n Generation * .post,1GGH/! Fasters eApanded his or"! setting up the %oundation for Find Research and promulgating hat he calls the FasterKs Psychophysical Fethod# Ee eAplored trance states induced -y psychoactive plant as "no n in many different cultures and countries! and applied the old shamanic techni@ues to ne approaches in education and psychotherapy! as ell as in neural! sensory! and "inesthetic re,education for the purpose of overcoming pro-lems and facilitating access to human potentials# Eis partner! 0ean Eouston .- 1G*N/! ent on to inaugurate a modern $Fystery 4chool!$ proposing a (e &ge self,help program for personal empo erment hich! ho ever! does not involve the ingestion of psychoactive plants# &round the same time that Fasters as laying the foundations for L4J psychotherapy! CDech psychologist 4tan Grof .- 1G*1/! or"ing at the Psychiatric Research )nstitute in Prague! -egan research in the clinical uses of psychedelic su-stances# Grof as one of the first medically trained psychonauts to or" systematically in a controlled environment! eAploring the heuristic and therapeutic potential of L4J and other psychedelic su-stances# Eis eAtensive eAperimentation ith thousands of su-3ects led to Eolotropic Breath or"! a method of trauma release and regeneration no "no n orld, ide# Grof also formulated the highly influential model of the four perinatal states .stages of $-irth trauma$/ typically undergone in L4J psychotherapy# )n 1GMN! Grof 3oined 0ohns Eop"ins University! Baltimore! FJ! thus -ringing his or" to the U4& and assisting the transition from G1 to G1# )n The Passion of the Western Find! Richard Tarnas rote: $The most epistemologically significant development in the recent history of depth psychology! and indeed the most important advance in the field as a hole since %reud and 0ung themselves! has -een the or" of 4tanislav Grof! hich over the past three decades has not only revolutioniDed psychodynamic theory -ut also -rought forth ma3or implications for many other fields#$ Fasters! Eouston! and Grof! along ith Ralph FetDner! -elong to that special group of G1 psychonauts hose or" and vision span all three generations# .%rances EuAley! nephe of &ldous! and Laura &rcher EuAley! ho died last month! also -elong to this group#/ )n 1++M! ten years into G*! Grof pu-lished When the )mpossi-le Eappens! a grand summary of his investigations ith different "inds of mind,altering su-stances .eAcluding! curiously! Psilocy-in mushrooms/# Eis concept of spiritual emergency may

-e a "ey to humanityKs capacity for survival in the coming planetary shift# &pril 12! 1GHH &l-ert Einstein died# &mong his effects as found! open! on his des"! a copy of Ether! God! and Jevil?Cosmic 4uperimposition -y Wilhelm Reich# )n close parallel to Gnostic animism! ReichKs late ritings on cosmology presents a -iomystical vie of nature that does not mystify the life force .a danger against hich Reich stringently arned/! -ut nonetheless elevates it to the level of a divine! supernatural medium# )n his final year of life! Einstein may have realiDed that the universe of Reich is alive! animated and animatingPeAactly hat the psychonaut sees in visionary trance induced -y psychoactive plants# $4ensation is the greatest mystery of natural science!$ Reich rote in Cosmic 4uperimposition# )n the ay it com-ines visionary and sensuous elements ith rational analysis and close o-servation of -odily sensation! ReichKs or" ith cosmic orgone might as defined as applied Gnosticism# Fore than any other scientist of the 1+th century! he provided the frame or" for a $ne physics$ ideally fitted to psychonautic eAperience# 0une 1GHH R# Gordon Wasson ta"es psychoactive mushrooms ith FaDatec shaman Faria 4a-ina! as descri-ed in The Ban"er and the Bru3a# The scene ith &urelio Carreras as replayed in 1GHN hen Wasson found Faria 4a-ina! ho allo ed him to participate in an all,night velada here psychoactive mushrooms ere ingested# .Previously! Wasson had tried mushrooms on his o n! ith disappointing results# This as the first time he did so in a traditional shamanic setting! under the guidance of a veteran psychonaut#/ Li"e Carrera! Faria as"ed him if he had a @uestion to -ring to the tutelary spirits! -ut Wasson again trivialiDed the re@uest! as"ing again a-out some family matter# )n the course of the evening! Faria correctly divined the ans er to his @uestion# WassonKs failure in t o instances to -ring a specific @uestion to the visionary moment highlights the primary failing of G,1 psychonautics! This omission may have s"e ed the progress of the earliest psychonautics off course! even -efore it had a course# ) maintain that the Grail motif of $as"ing the Tuestion!$ dramatiDed in the legend of ParDival! as indicative of the telestic method of the Fysteries: namely! instruction -y the 'rganic Light# To learn from the visionary eAperience at the level of planetary mind here it originates! it is necessary to -ring a @uestion to the Light# )f this method is not practiced! the visionary trance induced -y psychoactive plants is apt to degenerate into a stream of hallucinations! some of hich may have an instructive or inspirational content!

-ut nothing of a consistent or coherent "ind# ) call the non,directed trance eAperience $random vie ing!$ )t involves googling codes ithout -eing a-le to read hat they say# Jo nloads from the planetary intelligence are completely asted if the psychonaut does not -ring the sufficient degree of concentration to his?her vision! and one purpose of the @uestion is to steady concentration# The recreational use of psychoactive plants# proceeds ithout a directive @uestion! so the results are -ound to -e diverse and chaotic# Telestic shamanism! -y contrast! produces consistent results that can -e shared and compared -et een individuals ho practice the method#

Jecem-er 1GHH Eaving descri-ed to the orld at large his eAperience ith mescaline in The Joors of Perception! &ldous EuAley tried L4J for the first time# &s the story goes! his initiator as one &lfred F# Eu--ard! $Captain &l!$ idely "no n as the 0ohnny &ppleseed of L4J .a good clip giving some enthusiastic vie s held a-out L4J at the time# Unfortunately! it -rea"s off at the intervie ith Laura &rcher EuAley#/ )t as Eu--ard! ho may have -een involved ith FQ,ULTR&! $ ho originally suggested that an L4J,induced mystical eAperience might har-or uneAplored therapeutic potential# Ee administered large doses of acid to gravely ill alcoholics ith the hope that the ensuing eAperience ould lead to a drastic and permanent change in the ay they vie ed themselves and the orld# The initial results ere encouraging$ .%rom &cid Jreams! cited in #levity#com/# EuAleyKs eAperience ith acid had definite religious overtones! compared to the primarly esthetic mood of his mescaline visions# Writing to Eumphrey 'smond! another important G1 psychonaut! EuAley descri-es $the direct! total a areness! from the inside! so to say! of Love as the primary and fundamental cosmic fact# The ords! of course! have a "ind of indecency and must necessarily ring false! sound li"e t addle# But the fact remains#$ The eAtent to hich! and manner in hich! $cosmic love$ plays into the Psychonautic &dventure! is a @uestion raised in G1 and still very much open to de-ate# 1GHM C)& plant 0ames Foore accompanied Wasson to FeAico for further research# &s his studies of FeAican mushroom shamanism developed! WassonKs activities -ecame "no n in certain circles and he received offers for funding# Un-e"no nst to him! the Geschic"ter %und located in Washington! J#C# as a C)& front# )t provided V1+++ for

his 1GHM eApedition# )n return for this service! Foore! ho introduced himself as a colleague of the %und! as allo ed to go along# Trained as an organic chemist at the University of Jela are! he as an eApert in rapid synthesis of psychoactive formulas for mind control Pa $short,order coo"$ in C)& 3argon# Ee collected a -ag of psychoactive mushrooms and -rought them -ac" ith him to the &gency! hoping to concoct a psychoactive eapon# The nefarious 4ydney Gottlie-! chief honcho of FQ,ULTR&! as so thrilled -y this development that he advised that FooreKs or" remain a secret restricted to the &gency and not shared ith scientists or academics# .Psychedelics Encyclopedia -y Peter 4tafford! p# 1*I/ 1GHM Religious scholar 0ohn Farco &llegro pu-lished The Jead 4ea 4crolls and presented three tal"s on the BBC! introducing these ancient documents to the general pu-lic# &llegro had 3oined the translation team in 0erusalem in 'cto-er 1GH*! around the time EuAley -egan eAperimenting ith psilocy-in# &llegroKs or" on the 4crolls as later to lead to an international scandal hen he pu-lished The 4acred Fushroom and the Cross in 1GN+! in hich he claimed that the assumed Essene community at Tumran! here the 4crolls ere discovered in 0uly 1GIN! as a mushroom cult and 0esus as the name for their sacrament# Li"e Wasson! &llegro identified amanita muscaria! the fly agaric mushroom! as the primordial religious sacrament of the human species# Unli"e Wasson! he as fascinated -y the seAual imagery of the phallic,li"e amanita and felt compelled to see an orgiastic element in the sacramental rites of mushroom,eating# The du-ious connection -et een psychedelic -liss .compare: shamanic $techni@ues of ecstasy$/ and seAual pleasure also surrounded the L4J controversy that erupted at the close of G1# The later career of &llegro figures strongly in G1# 1GHM )nvasion of the Body 4natchers Fay 1GHN Life magaDine article! photos -y &llen Richardson .reproduced in The 4acred Fushroom 4ee"er/#

Wasson accepts a portion of mushrooms from Faria 4a-ina The 4acred Fushroom 4ee"er! plate 1* 1GHN Timed to appear ith the Life magaDine article! Wasson pu-lished H11 copies of Fushrooms! Russia! and Eistory in a deluAe t o,volume edition# )t as 3ust over *+ years since Wasson met Lalentina and -ecame consumed -y his interest in mushrooms# Juring those three decades! the Wassons surveyed orld, ide lore on mushrooms! -ut the Russian element as al ays their primary focus# Jespite the huge importance of his meeting ith Faria 4a-ina! not to mention its repercussions far -eyond his dilletante orld of research! Wasson al ays loo"ed to the hinterlands of &sia for the source of the prehistorical mushroom cult at the origin of religion# )n 4oma: The Jivine Fushroom .1GM2/ he rote dismissively of the FeAican travels: $The ten rainy seasons , 1GH* to 1GM1 , spent in the remote mountains of FeAico ere a re arding eAperience -ut they ere only a diversion from our Eurasian preoccupations#$ Clearly! Wasson as less concerned to verify his thesis eAperimentally! as he could have done through delving deeper into psilocy-in mushroom shamanism! than to receive academic recognition for his eccentric notion that religion originated from an amanita cult or community located in the Ural Fountains of Eurasia in the (eolithic &ge# &s e shall see! WassonKs fiAation on the amanita muscaria or fly,agaric! hich is not of the Genus Psilocy-e! proved to -e pro-lematic for him and others### 1GHN Jrugs and the Find -y Ro-ert 4# de Ropp! a -iochemist ho ent into the field of human potential and the search for spiritual enlightenment# Ee -ecame independent teacher! though never a guru,figure! and esta-lished a community in 4anta Rosa California around 1GMN# Jrugs and the Find as the first,of,its,"ind survey of the social and spiritual effects of mind,altering su-stanced including mescaline! alcohol!

mari3uana! ayahuasca! L4J! codein! coffee! peyote! i-oga! hashish! and more# &lthough the -oo" does not go eAtensively into some of these su-stances and plants! it put them into mainstream de-ate# Je Ropp is ell orth reading today for his so-er and ell, considered vie s on addiction and ataraAia! the state in hich mental serenity is com-ined ith optimum physical health# (ovem-er *! 1GHN Wilhelm Reich died in a %ederal penitentary here he had -een imprisoned -y the U4 government on charges of fraud and medical mispractice relating to the use of the orgone -oA# The year -efore he died! a huge num-er of his -oo"s ere -urned -y the %J& .%ederal Jrug &dministration/ in a -latant pu-lic display of punishing heresy# This act recalls the in@uisitional fury of the Witch Trials! continuing today in hat has -een called the Pharmacratic )n@uisition! defined on deoAy#org: The Christian persecution of archaic religions -ased on sacramental ingestion of entheogenic plants and the conse@uent personal access to ecstatic statesC hose first great victory as the destruction of the Eleusinian Fysteries at the end of the fourth centuryC hich then reached a gruesome climaA in the persecution of itches in the Fiddle &gesC and hich continues in todayKs Pharmacratic 4tate in the guise of a pu-lic health $War on Jrugs#$ The term as introduced -y 0onathan 'tt in &yahuasca &nalogues! 1GGI! on the G1,G* cusp: $Fay the Entheogenic Reformation prevail over the Pharmacratic )n@uisition! leading to the spiritual re-irth of human"ind at 'ur Lady GYaKs -reasts! from hich may ever copiously flo the amrta! the am-rosia! the ayahuasca of eternal lifeX$ 1GHN $Contact ith 4pace$ ReichKs last pu-lication descri-es his research on U%'s at his private estate! 'rgonon! located near Rangely! Faine# %or an update on ReichKs revolutionary or" ith U%'s! see the 1,hour film of Peter Ro--ins! $'rgone Energy! Wilhelm Reich and U%'s$from the 1Hth &nnual )nternational U%' Congress Convention Z %ilm %estival! in 1++M# 1GH2 &t the advanced age of 2*! Carl 0ung pu-lished a -oo" on U%'s: %lying 4aucers: & Fodern Fyth of Things 4een in the 4"ies# 0ungKs vie s ill later -y cited -y leading G1 psychonaut Terence FcQenna as essential to a holistic and planetary vie for the survival of humanity# 1GHG The C)& and related agencies ere purchasing one million doses of 4andoD L4J

ee"ly! and stoc"piling it# .Eschohotado! 1++/ 1GM+ %irst C)& director Read &dmiral Eillen"oetter told a congressional commitee that $the pu-lic has a right to "no $ a-out the ET?U%' phenomenon! -ut the cloa" of secrecy as thic"ened! and cover,up tactics -ecame increasingly ByDantine throughout this decade# 4ome theorists -elieve that covert government eAperiments ith psychoactive compounds! applied to the pu-lic and even against the pu-lic health! ere in some cases disguised as ET scares and scams# This analysis fits the interpretation of 0ac@ues Lallee .-# 1G*G/! ho -egan investigating U%'s in the early 1GM+s# Lallee concluded that the ET?U%' phenomenon! no matter hat its actual nature and origin! acts as a $spiritual control system$ that psychologically manipulates all those ho get involved in it! for -etter or orse# This vie comes close to the Gnostic theory of alien intrusion on the origin and effects of non,human inorganic species called &rchons# )t might -e called the Tric"ster Theory of alien intrusion# )f there is any truth in this theory! careful and disciplined practice ith the visionary states induced -y psychoactive plants may -e the -est ay e have to understand and master the alien enigma# Fid 1GM+s Pro3ect FQ,ULTR&! dedicated to research ith mind,altering su-stances for -ehavior modification and Fanchurian candidates! gradually ound do n! having -een unsuccessful ith L4J -ecause it proved too unpredica-le and tended to instill -enign emotions in the su-3ects# 'ne of the psychiatrists funded -y FQ,ULTR&! Jr# E# &-ramson! concluded that the main effect of L4J is $essentially a 3oyous distur-ance of the ego function!$ hich made it totally useless for governmental purposesX )GM1 )n )sland! his last novel! premier psychonaut and intellectual guru &ldous EuAley descri-ed a utopian society in 'ceania here a sacred plant potion is the esta-lished tool for enlightenment or mo"sha# Eis spiritual 3ourney of three decades since riting Brave (e World! and his deep immersian in &sian philosophy! inspired EuAley to envision a -enign society along Buddhist lines! in hich $mo"sha medicine$ .psychedelics/ and Tantric seA ere customary# Eis genius as -road enough to see -oth eAtremes of human potential! enslavement and li-eration# 1GM1 The 0oyous Cosmology -y &lan Watts as! and still is! perhaps the most articulate rendering ever ritten of a visionary trance induced -y la-,produced psychedelics# )n addition to lucid passages of description! Watts inter3ects here and there a snippet of transcendent isdom! al ays in his deft! incompara-le style: The conscious ego doesnKt "no that it is something hich that divine organ! the

-ody! is only pretending to -e# There is simply no pro-lem of life: it is completely purposeless play P eAu-erance hich is its o n end# We have lost touch ith our original identity! hich is not the system of images -ut the great self,moving gesture of this as yet unremem-ered moment# (ovem-er 1GM* )n one month three decisive events occurred! t o of them on the same day: )n 1GM* Earvard University dismissed Timoty Leary and Ricard &lpert after complaints from parents of students involved in eAperimenting ith L4J# They moved to upstate (e Ror"! ta"ing over a large mansion in Fill-roo"! and set up the Castilia )nstitute here they continued to do research ith the mind,altering drug# )n (ovem-er Fill-roo" as raided .one of several instances/ -y %B) agents led -y G# Gordon Liddy! a C)& thug later convicted of the Watergate -rea",in# (ovem-er 1* 0ohn %# Qennedy as assassinated in Jallas# 'n the same day! leading G1 psychonaut &ldous EuAley died! assisted on the definitive 3ourney -y a su-cutaneous dose of L4J administered -y his ife! Laura &rcher# )n %lash-ac"s! Leary claims that the day after 0%Q as murdered he received a phone call from Fary Pinchot Feyer! ho had -een a mistress of the slain President for over t o years# Leary says that she told him: $They couldnKt control him [0%Q\ any more# Ee as changing too fast# Ee as learning too much### TheyKll cover everything up# ) gotta come see you# )Km scared# )Km afraid#$ 0%Q is "no n to have ta"en L4J# Eeard today! his speech against secret societies! citing the ris" of government to turn against its o n people! and the need for government to -e transparent and ta"e responsi-ility for its errors! sends a chill up the spine in the post, G11 orld! and could ell have -een the single overriding reason for his li@uidation# 'cto-er 1GMI Fary Pinchot Feyer as shot dead as she al"ed along the Chesapea"e and 'hio to path in Georgeto n# The murder had the mar" of a professional hit# 1GMI The Psychedelic EAperience: & Fanual Based on the Ti-etan Boo" of the Jead -y

Richard &lpert! Timothy Leary! and Ralph FetDner# )n the final year of the first generation of psychonautics! three men colla-orated in an adaptation of the Ti-etan Boo" of the Jead for use as a guide on L4J trips# &vaila-le today on line! the -oo" is a small masterpiece that cleverly su-stitutes the stages of ego death typical of the L4J trip for the stages of physical death and after,death visions descri-ed in Ti-etan manuals intended to -e read to the dying and deceased# )nstead of tracing the process of gradual disem-odiment! and the dissolving of consciousness through the physical elements! covered in the Ti-etan manuals! The Psychedelic EAperience is a guide through progressive stages of depersonaliDation and loss of ha-itual identity! up to the point of complete ego death! follo ed -y the da ning of the Clear Light and! as recognition of primal reality fades and falters! the mandala,li"e hallucinations of the Peaceful and Wrathful Jieties# 1GMI Qen Qesey .1G*H , 111+/ and the Ferry Pran"sters set out across the U4&! driving from California to (e Ror" in a -us ith a destination pla@ue that read %urther# &s descri-ed in The Electric Qool,&id &cid Test -y Tom Wolfe .ahead! G1/# )n 1GM+ Qesey had signed up to -e a guinea pig in a medical research program funded .little did he "no / -y the C)&# )n the insanity ard of 4tanford Eospital he as given L4J! causing him to hallucinate a primitive face that later morphed into Chief Broom! a character in his novel 'ne %le 'ver the Cuc"ooKs (est .1GM1/# The film version released in 1GNH! hich on 0ac" (icholson the 'scar for Best &ctor! did much to contri-ute to the popular disinformation on L4J! portraying psychonauts as rec"less clo ns and escapees from the nuthouse# When the Pran"sters arrived Fill-roo"! Timothy Leary as some hat ta"en a-ac" -y the specta-le they presented! although he and Qesey -ecame a lifelong friends# &s noted -y 0ohn Eiggs in ) Eave &merica 4urrounded! an eAcellent account of Leary and the L4J controversy! TL at that time vie ed the psychedelic eAperience as $essentially British in character#$ EuAley! &lan Watts! Fichael Eollingshead! and Eumphrey 'smond! ere all Brits ho stemmed from the visionary tradition of mystic poet William Bla"e! so Leary imagined# By ma"ing the psychedelic eAperience $freer! more 3oyful! and less respectful$ .Eiggs/! the Pran"sters -rought L4J into the &merican scene and cele-rated it as the social sacrament .$Electric Qool,&id$/ that inspired the serious anarchy and sheer fun of the 4iAties Revolution# 1GMH Ja n of the 1nd Generation

The amount of material pu-lished in 1GMH in scientific magaDines a-out L4J 1H eAceeded in diversity and eAtent hat had -een pu-lished a-out all other drugs discovered in the century# Escohotado! & Brief Eistory of Jrugs! p GG Essentials on L4J! hich as made illegal -oth for clinical research and pu-lic consumption in 1GMM! from Ero id# Three Generations G1 and G* .in development/ ill each have separate URLs# http:?? #metahistory#org?psychonautics?Psychonautics1#php]FQULTR&