Investigating Diseases

Communicable Infectious and passed along

Swine Flu HIV/AIDS Chlamydia/STDS Herpes Athletes foot Meningitis Polio Pneumonia Chicken Pox Measles Mumps Malaria Tuberculosis Rubella Diphtheria Hepatitis Glandular Fever

Non-Communicable Non Infectious Heart Disease Cancer Sickle Cell Anaemia Parkinson's Disease Arthritis Asthma Cystic Fibrosis Diabetes Multiple Sclerosis Scurvy Leukaemia Alzheimer's Crohns Disease PCOS/Endometriosis Emphysema Bronchitis

Epidemiology
(Study of spread of disease and cause of deaths)
The World Health Organisation defines health as a complete state of PIES health.

How do you define what health and disease is?

Physical health means taking care of your body and protecting it from decline.

Social health is watching our lifestyle choices e.g. smoking+drinking.

Psychological Health is maintaining a good mental balance.

Disease is a morbid condition of the body causing illness and sickness

a Explain who is physically fitter, Tom or Harry? b Discuss the statement, Tom is more healthy that Harry.

Key words to use in your study

Transmission
Passing disease from on from one to another.

Epidemiology
Study of disease and causes of death

Morbidity Rate
Number of people who have disease in a given time.

Communicable Infectious diseases that can be spread

Demography Study of size, movement and growth of human population. NonCommunicable

Cant be passed on

Mortality Rate
Number of people who have died from a disease.

Incidence
Number of new cases.

Communicable Diseases
Communicable diseases are infectious and can be passed from person to person. There are 4 main types of Communicable Diseases Viruses e.g. influenza Bacteria e.g. t.b. Fungi e.g athletes foot Protozoa e.g. malaria These conditions do not always require long term support. They can occur at any age, but impact may vary on young and old or those with existing medical conditions. Q-How many communicable diseases can you come up with?

Non- Communicable Diseases

Degenerative-Get progressively worse e.g. arthritis. Deficiency- Caused by a lack of something in the diet e.g. Scurvy Lifestyle/environment- Impacted by external influences e.g. smoking and lung cancer. Inherited- Passed on from parents genetic profile e.g. Cystic Fibrosis.
Non-Communicable diseases cannot be caught and are not infectious.

They require long term support and treatment. They are often linked to certain life stages e.g. Alzheimer's is more common in later adulthood. Q-Name 5 support groups who help with any non-communicable disease?

STARTER Create a list of as many methods medics use to diagnose illness and signs and symptoms that may see before.

Diagnosis/Treatment/Support of diseases
Signs & symptoms are reported to doctor Clinical/laboratory investigations will confirm diagnosis TASK- Mindmap a summary of ways a person may show symptoms of your disease, how they would be diagnosed and the treatment they would receive.

Anyone can identify symptoms e.g. The individual Local Health Practice Local Hospital Specialist National Centre

Diabetes

Strategies for prevention of disease

National strategies-Public Health information and campaigns to reduce disease. Local strategies- Health information booklets, well women/man clinics and exercise classes to combat disease. Personal lifestyle choices- Improve poor hygiene, diet, exercise and avoid behaviour that puts people at risk e.g. unsafe sex/sharing needles.

Factors that interfere with prevention and the control of spread; Public perception of risk Patient Compliance Anti-biotic resistance Funding available

How do each of these 4 factors interfere with prevention and spread?

For help see pages 118-125

P126-131