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Common Law Trust Maritime Cause Defined Public Notice/Public Record The Law of the Flag an !nternational Law which is recogni"ed b# e$er# nation of the %lanet is defined as: &' a rule to the effect that a $essel is a %art of the territor# of the nation whose flag she flies( The term is used to designate the R!)*T+ under which a shi% owner who sends his $essel into foreign %ort gi$es notice b# his flag to all who enter into contracts with the shi% master that he intends the Law of that Flag to regulate those contracts and that the# must either submit to its o%eration or not contract with him or his agent at all(, Ruhstrat $( Peo%le -. N(/( 01 MAR!T!M/ CA2+/ defined: Maritime causes are those arising from maritime contracts whether made at sea or on land that is such as relate to the commerce business or na$igation of the sea3 as charter %arties affreightments marine loans h#%othecations contracts for maritime ser$ice in building re%airing su%%l#ing and na$igating shi%s contracts and 4uasi contracts res%ecting a$erages contributions and 5ettisons3 contracts relating to marine insurance and those between owners of shi%s( 6 7ou$( !nst( n( 8981( 8( There are maritime causes also for torts and in5uries committed at sea( 6( !n general the courts of admiralt# ha$e a concurrent 5urisdiction with courts of law of all maritime causes: and in some cases the# ha$e e:clusi$e 5urisdiction( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 MAR!T!M/ C=NTRACT defined: =ne which relates to the na$igation of the sea( 8( The admiralt# has 5urisdiction in case of the breach of such contract whether it has been entered into on land or at sea( 0 >ash( C( C( R( 0-63 see 8 )allis( 09-3 8 +umn( 13 )il%( -8?( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 MAR!T!M/ LA> defined: That s#stem of law which relates to the affairs of the sea such as seamen shi%s shi%%ing na$igation and the li@e( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 MAR!T!M/ L=AN defined: A contract or agreement b# which one who is the lender lends to another who is the borrower a certain sum of mone# u%on condition that if the thing u%on which the loan has been made should be lost b# an# %eril of the sea or $is ma5or the lender shall not be re%aid unless what remains shall be e4ual to the sum borrowed3 and if the thing arri$e in safet# or in case it shall not ha$e been in5ured but b# its own defects or the fault of the master or mariners the borrower shall be bound to return the sum borrowed together with a certain sum agreed u%on as the %rice of the ha"ard incurred( /mer( Mar( Loans c( 1 s( 83 Poth( h(t( Aide 7ottomr#3 )ross Ad$enture3 !nterest maritime3 Res%ondentia( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 7=TT=MRB defined: maritime law( A contract in nature of a mortgage of a shi% on which the owner borrows mone# to enable him to fit out the shi% or to %urchase a cargo for a $o#age %ro%osed: and he %ledges the @eel or bottom of the shi% %ars %ro toto as a securit# for the re%a#ment3 and it is sti%ulated that if the shi% should be lost in the course of the $o#age b# an# of the %erils enumerated in the contract the lender also shall lose his mone# but if the shi% should arri$e in safet# then he shall recei$e bac@ his %rinci%al and also the interest agreed u%on which is generall# called marine interest howe$er this ma# e:ceed the legal rate of interest( Not onl# the shi% and tac@le if the# arri$e safe but also the %erson of the borrower is liable for the mone# lent and the marine interest( +ee 8 7l( Com( 0-<3 Marsh( !ns( 7( 81 c( 13 =rd( Louis C!A( 7( 6 tit( -3 Laws of >ishu# art( 0- Code de Com( 7( 8 tit( ?( 8( The contract of bottomr# should s%ecif# the %rinci%al lent and the rate of marine interest agreed u%on3 the sub5ect on which the loan is effected the names of the $essel and of the master those of the lender and borrower whether the loan be for an entire $o#age3 for what $o#age and for what s%ace of time3 and the %eriod of reD%a#ment( Code de Com( art( 611 Marsh( !ns( 7( 8( 6( 7ottomr# differs materiall# from a sim%le loan( !n a loan the mone# is at

Certified Mail Article Number: the ris@ of the borrower and must be %aid at all e$ents( 7ut in bottomr# the mone# is at the ris@ of the lender during the $o#age( 2%on a loan onl# legal interest can be recei$ed3 but u%on bottomr# an# interest ma# be legall# reser$ed which the %arties agree u%on( +ee generall# Metc( E Per@( Dig( h( t(3 Marsh( !nst( 7( 83 7ac( Abr( Merchant F3 Com( Dig( Merchant( / 03 6 Mass( 0063 < Mass( 60G3 0 7inn( 8003 0 Cranch 68<3 6 ;ohn( R( 6-8 8 ;ohns( Cas( 8-G3 1 7inn( 0G-3 < Cranch 01 <3 1 >heat( ?93 8 Dall( 1?0( +ee also this Dict( tit( Res%ondentia3 Ain( Abr( 7ottomr# 7onds 1 7ou$( !nst( n( 1809D-.( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 MAR!N/ C=NTRACT defined: Marine Contract =ne which relates to business done or transacted u%on the sea and in sea %orts and o$er which the courts of admiralt# ha$e 5urisdiction concurrent with the courts of common law3 such contracts include according to ci$ilians and 5urists among other things charter %arties affreightments marine h#%othecations contracts for the marine ser$ice in the building re%airing su%%l#ing and na$igating shi%s3 contracts and 4uasi contracts res%ecting a$erages contributions and 5ettisons and %olicies of insurance( 8 )all( R( 6?< where ;udge +tor# ga$e a $er# learned o%inion on the sub5ect( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 MAR!N/ !N+2RANC/ defined: contracts( A contract b# which one %art# for a sti%ulated %remium underta@es to indemnif# the other against all %erils or sea ris@s to which his shi%3 freight or cargo or some of them ma# be e:%osed during a certain $o#age or fi:ed %eriod of time( 1 7ou$( !nst( n( 11.- et se4( +ee !nsurance Marine( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 MAR!N/ !NT/R/+T defined: contracts( A com%ensation %aid for the use and ris@ of mone# loaned on res%ondentia and bottomr#3 %ro$ided the mone# be loaned and %ut in ris@ there is no limit as to the amount which ma# be lawfull# charged b# the lender( 8 Marsh( !ns( .0?3 *all on Mar( Loans3 Pothier Pret a( la )rosse n( 1?3 1 +tuartHs IL( C(J R( 16G( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 *BP=T*/CAT!=N defined: ci$il law( This term is used %rinci%all# in the ci$il law3 it is defined to be a right which a creditor has o$er a thing belonging to another and which consists in the %ower to cause it to be sold in order to be %aid his claim out of the %roceeds( 8( There are two s%ecies of h#%othecation one called %ledge %ignus and the other %ro%erl# denominated h#%othecation( Pledge is that s%ecies of h#%othecation which is contracted b# the deli$er# of the debtor to the creditor of the thing h#%othecated( *#%othecation %ro%erl# so called is that which is contracted without deli$er# of the thing h#%othecated( 8 7ellHs Com( 8- -th ed( 6( *#%othecation is further di$ided into general and s%ecial when the debtor h#%othecates to his creditor all his estate and %ro%ert# which he has or ma# ha$e the h#%othecation is general3 when the h#%othecation is confined to a %articular estate it is s%ecial( 0( *#%othecations are also distinguished into con$entional legal and tacit( 1( Con$entional h#%othecations are those which arise b# the agreement of the %arties( Dig( 8G 1 -( -(D8( Legal h#%othecation is that which has not been agreed u%on b# an# contract e:%ress or im%lied3 such as arises from the effect of 5udgments and e:ecutions( 9(D6( A tacit which is also a legal h#%othecation is that which the law gi$es in certain cases without the consent of the %arties to secure the creditor3 such as 1st( The lien which the %ublic treasur# has o$er the %ro%ert# of %ublic debtors( Code < 1- 1( 8d( The landlord has a lien on the goods in the house leased for the %a#ment of his rent( Dig( 8G 8 83 Code < 1- . 6d( The builder has a lien for his bill on the house he has built( Dig( 8G 1( 0th The %u%il has a lien on the %ro%ert# of the guardian for the balance of his account( Dig( 09 9 883 Code 9 6. 8G( -th( There is h#%othecation of the goods of a testator for the securit# of a legac# he has gi$en( Code 9 06 1( .( !n the common law cases of h#%othecation in the strict sense of the ci$il law that is of a %ledge of a chattel without %ossession b# the %ledgee are scarcel# to be found3 cases of bottomr# bonds and claims for seamenHs wages against shi%s are the nearest a%%roach to it3 but these are liens and %ri$ileges rather than h#%othecations( +tor# 7ailm( +ec( 8<<( !t seems that chattels not in e:istence though the# cannot be %ledged can be h#%othecated so that the lien will attach as soon as the chattel has been %roduced( 10 Pic@( R( 0?.( Aide generall# Poth( de lH*#%othK4ue3 Poth( Mar( Contr( translated b# Cushing note( 89 %( 10-3 Commercial Code of France translated b# Rodman note -8 %(

Certified Mail Article Number: 6-13 Merl( RK%ertoire mot *#%othK4ue where the sub5ect is full# considered3 8 7ro( Ci$( Law 1?-3 A#l( Pand( -803 1 Law Tracts 8803 DaneHs Ab( h(t(3 Abbott on +hi%( !nde: h(t(3 16 Aes( -??3 7ac( Ab( Merchant Ec( )3 Ci$il Code of Louis( tit( 88 where this sort of securit# bears the name of mortgage( I4($(J A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 *BP=T*/L2/ defined: French law( Pro%erl# the right ac4uired b# the creditor o$er the immo$able %ro%ert# which has been assigned to him b# his debtor as securit# for his debt although he be not %laced in %ossession of it( The h#%othe4ue might arise in two was( 1( 7# the e:%ress agreement of the debtor which was the con$entional h#%othe4ue( 8( 7# dis%osition of law which was the im%lied or legal h#%othe4ue( This was nothing but a lien or %ri$ilege which the creditor en5o#ed of being first %aid out of the land sub5ected to this encumbrance( For e:am%le the landlord had h#%othe4ue on the goods of his tenant or others while on the %remises let( A mason had the same on the house he built( A %u%il or a minor on the land of his tutor or curator who had recei$ed his mone#( Domat Loi: Ci$iles 1( 6 E 13 8 7ou$( !nst( 1<1.( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 A/++/L D/F!N/D: A shi% brig sloo% or other craft used or ca%able of being used in na$igation on water( !n order to be a M$essel M for %ur%oses of an action under ;ones Act the structureHs %ur%ose must to some reasonable degree be the trans%ortation of %assengers cargo or e4ui%ment from %lace to %lace across na$igable waters( 7una $( Pacific Far /ast Line !nc( D(C(Cal( 001 F(+u%%( 169G 1690( Though the term M$essel M in admiralt# law is not limited to shi%s or $essels engaged in commerce( +t( *ilaire Mo#e $( *enderson C(A(Ar@( 0?9 F(8d ?.6 ?.?( Man# s%ecial %ur%ose craft such as dredges floating derric@s and barges e4ui%%ed for s%ecial %ur%oses or o%erations are M$esselsM within meaning of ;ones Act and %ersons regularl# em%lo#ed aboard such a $essel in aid of its %ur%oses are Mseamen(M *ill $( Diamond C(A(Aa( 611 F(8d .<? .?1 .?8( =n the other hand howe$er e$er#thing that floats is not necessaril# a M$essel M in %ur$iew of ;ones Act( 7ennett $( Perini Cor%( C(A(Mass( -1G F(8d 110 119( For e:am%le a floating dr# doc@ which was moored b# chains and cables to shi%#ard doc@ at time of in5ur# to shi%#ard em%lo#ee and which was in use as a dr# doc@ was not a M$esselM and therefore no warrant# of seaworthiness arose( Feller $( Dra$o Cor%( C(A(La( 001 F(8d 186? 1800( 7lac@Ns Law Dictionar# +i:th /dition I%age 1-98 1-96J F=R/!)N A/++/L defined: A $essel owned b# residents in or sailing under the flag of a foreign nation( 7lac@Ns Law Dictionar# +i:th /dition I%age 1-96J LA> 2N>R!TT/N defined: or le: non scri%ta( All the laws which do not come under the definition of written law3 it is com%osed %rinci%all# of the law of nature the law of nations the common law and customs( A Law Dictionar# Ada%ted To The Constitution and Laws of the 2nited +tates of America and of the +e$eral +tates of the American 2nion b# ;ohn 7ou$ier Re$ised +i:th /dition 1<-9 +ui ;uris @nown as: ;ohn of the genealog# of Doe freeborn s%iritual being on the land state the facts contained herein are true correct com%lete and not misleading to the best of m# %ersonal first hand @nowledge and belief( 7eing of sound mind com%etent o$er the age of 1<( This m# free will $oluntar# act and deed to ma@e e:ecute seal ac@nowledge and deli$er under m# hand and seal with e:%licit reser$ation of all m# unalienable rights and m# s%ecific common law right not to be bound b# an# contract or obligation which ! ha$e not entered into @nowingl# willingl# $oluntaril# and without misre%resentation duress or coercion whereb# ! did not sign nor consent( ! am not now nor ha$e e$er been a 2(+( Citi"en or a Fourteenth Amendment Federal Citi"en or /m%lo#ee ! am not bound b# sworn oath or oath of office( >hereas ! hereb# disclaim Clauses =ne and Two of +ection =ne to the Fourteenth Amendment together with Article Four +ection Three Clause Two( &>ithout the 2(+(, Should this not be true then let the record be corrected or it will stand as truth. Time is of the essence. Nemo aliens: rei sine satisdatione de fensor idonens intelligitur defined: No man is considered a com%etent defender of anotherNs %ro%ert# without securit#( A rule of the Roman law a%%lied !n %art !n admiralt# cases( 1 Curt( 8G8(

Certified Mail Article Number: Nemo est sn%ra leges defined: No one is abo$e the law( Lofft 108( Nemo alieno nomine lege age re %otest defined: No one can sue in the name of another( Dig( -G 1. 18a( Aeracit#3 !n m# Pri$ate Ca%acit# as )eneral Administrator of said account Droit Droit This ser$es Notice that #our offer has been Acce%ted as Aaluable Consideration and Returned for Aalue( This %ro%ert# is /:em%t from Le$#( Please Ad5ust this Account for the Proceeds Products Accounts and Fi:tures and Release The =rderIsJ of The Court to Me !mmediatel#( Ma@e ad5ustment and close this account immediatel# with %re5udice without recourse( ! acce%t #our =ath =ath of =ffice +ecurit# Agreement Constitutions as b#Dlaws and Malfeasance 7ond and %lace #ou in the Pri$ate commencing this selfD e:ecuting binding contract between #ou and !( Further ! a%%oint #ou trustee on #our honor and solemn =ath to %erform #our obligations and duties to Protect M# unDaDlienDable Rights in #our Fiduciar# Ca%acit# against an# and all claims legal actions orders warrants 5udgments demands liabilities losses foreclosure de%ositions summonses lawsuits costs fines liens le$ies %enalties ta:es damages interests and e:%enses whatsoe$er both absolute and contingent as are due and as might become due now e:isting and as might hereafter arise and as might be suffered b# im%osed on and incurred b# Debtor for an# and e$er# reason %ur%ose and cause whatsoe$er( Please honor =bligation of )ood Faith in Performance of #our Duties( Luid Pro Luos an e4ual e:change or substitution( This m# free will $oluntar# act and deed true and lawful attorne#DinDfact to ma@e e:ecute seal ac@nowledge and deli$er under m# hand and seal e:%licitl# reser$ing all rights without %re5udice3 7#:OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO +ui ;uris @nown as3 ;ohn of the genealog# of Doe 7ailor for ;=*N D=/ 7ailee OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO ;ames Roe Third Part# >itness M+ealed and deli$ered in the %resence of us(M OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO Ran Roe Third Part# >itness M+ealed and deli$ered in the %resence of us(M +TAT/ =F !LL!N=!+ J J ++: C=2NTB =F C==F J C/RT!F!CAT/ =F ACFN=>L/D)M/NT =n this date the indi$idual named abo$e in his/her stated ca%acit# %ersonall# a%%eared before me to e:ecute this ac@nowledgement that this instrument was signed sealed and deli$ered as their free will $oluntar# act and deed to ma@e e:ecute seal ac@nowledge and deli$er under their hand and seal $erified and authenticated for the uses and %ur%oses therein mentioned( OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO DAT/ AFF!C N=TARB +/AL !F R/L2!R/D OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO +ignature of N=TARB P27L!C Date Commission /:%ires OOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO

N=T!C/: Public acts defined: are those which ha$e a %ublic authorit# and which ha$e been made before %ublic officers are authori"ed b# a %ublic seal ha$e been made %ublic b# the authorit# of a magistrate or which ha$e been e:tracted and been %ro%erl# authenticated from %ublic records( 7lac@Ns Law Dictionar# +i:th /dition I%age 89J

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