Chapter 4 Test

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Name: ________________

Modified True/False /16 Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 1. Work is done when the force and the displacement are perpendicular. _________________________ 2. Kinetic energy is a vector quantity. _________________________ 3. To raise a 2.3-kg mass from its resting place on a ta le! more work is done y lifting it diagonally than lifting it straight up. ___________________________________ ". #f you raise an o $ect a o%e your head and then set it on a ta le! you do the same work as if you only lifted the o $ect onto the ta le. ______________________________ &. The change in gra%itational potential energy can never have a negati%e %alue. _________________________ '. ( car speeds up as it descends a hill! gaining gra%itational potential energy. _________________________ ). ( group of three alls at the top of three different frictionless ramps drop the same %ertical distance with the same final speed regardless of the shape of the ramp. _________________________ *. All of the waste energy of a lawn mower is sound. _________________________ +. ,ooke-s law is true for all possi le %alues of x for a real spring. _________________________

Multiple Choice /16 Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1.. ( child pulls a )."-kg to oggan ".2 m across le%el ground with a 1&-/ force that is 3" a o%e the hori0ontal. The work done is a. 3& 1 d. 3.+ 1.2 1 . &2 1 e. 2.1 1.3 1 c. '3 1 ____ 11. ( student in a la e2erts a 2& / force to pull a lock a distance of "* cm. #f a total of 11 1 of work is done! the angle etween the force and the displacement is a. *+ d. 2" . '' e. none of the a o%e c. '1 ____ 12. ( person picks a 1...-kg o2 of macaroni from off the shelf and lowers it ..)) m into a shopping cart. The work done on the macaroni y the person is a. . 1 d. ).& 1 . ..)) 1 e. 3).& 1 c. 3..)) 1 ____ 13. Which of the following is /4T a unit of energy5 a. 1 d. /m . W6s e. kWh c. kgm26s2 ____ 1". The kinetic energy of a 2"-kg dog running at 22 km6h is a. ".& 1.2 1 d. 2.' 1.2 1 3 . &.* 1. 1 e. )3 1 " c. 1.2 1. 1 ____ 1&. The gra%itational potential energy of a 3."-g grasshopper 1" mm a o%e the ground is a. ".) 1.2 1 d. ".) 1.32 1 . ".) 1 e. ".) 1.3" 1 c. ..") 1 ____ 1'. ( 1.2-g sparrow flying at 12.3 m6s wishes to ha%e equal kinetic and gra%itational potential energies. The height that will accomplish this is a. ..31& m d. 1.13 m . ..'2* m e. ).)2 m c. ..)*) m ____ 1). ( 1+.1-kg curling stone tra%els 2*.* m against a frictional force of *.22 /. The thermal energy produced is a. 1*" 1 d. 23) 1 . 23) / e. not enough information c. 3'2 1

____ 1*. The work done to compress a spring with a force constant of 2+... /6m a total of 12.3 mm is a. ...21+ 1 d. 23.' 1 . 1.)* 1 e. 3.&) 1.3 1 c. 3.&) 1 ____ 1+. ( ..2&-kg apple is gently hung from a spring that stretches ".' cm. The force constant of the spring is a. ...&" /6m d. &3 /6m . '.1 /6m e. 1*. /6m c. 1* /6m ____ 2.. ( spring-powered 7,8 oscillator %i rates with a period of ..2+ s. #f the force constant of the spring is 1*. /6m! the mass used is a. ..3* kg d. 2." kg . ..)) kg e. 2.' kg c. 1.3 kg ____ 21. #f the mass of a car is dou led and its speed is cut in half! then the kinetic energy changes y a factor of a. ..2& d. 2 . ..& e. " c. 1

____ 22. ( race is set up with fi%e alls placed at the top of the fi%e ramps shown elow and released at the same instant. 9ach ramp drops the same %ertical height. The ramp that will allow the all to arri%e at the ottom first is a. ( d. : . ; e. 9 c. < ____ 23. ( race is set up with fi%e alls placed at the top of the fi%e ramps shown elow and released at the same instant. 9ach ramp drops the same %ertical height. That ramp that will allow the all to arri%e at the ottom last is a. ( d. : . ; e. 9 c. <

____ 2". =ou want to ride a icycle to the house shown elow. /eglecting friction! at which point should you start in order to use the least amount of work to get there5 a. ( d. : . ; e. 9 c. < ____ 2&. =ou want to ride a icycle to the house shown elow. /eglecting friction! at which point should you start in order to use the most amount of work to get there5 a. ( d. : . ; e. 9 c. <

Completion /4 Complete each sentence or statement. 2'. 8a2imum work is done when the angle etween the force and the displacement is ____________________. 2). Thermal energy occurs when the ____________________ inside an o $ect egin to speed up. 2*. ____________________ law states that the magnitude of the force e2erted y an ideal spring is directly proportional to the distance the spring mo%es from equili rium. 2+. ( spring with a force constant of 3" /6m is ____________________ to stretch than a spring with a force constant of "2 /6m. Short Answer/ Ma in! Connections /1"

/4 3.. 7imple harmonic motion really isn-t all that >simple.? @sing a hori0ontal spring system as your e2ample! draw se%eral diagrams illustrating the definition of 7,8 A Beriodic %i ratory motion in which the force

and the acceleration is directly proportional to the displacementC

/# 31. Di%e an e2ample of a common type of employment Aor >work?C that does not in%ol%e a significant amount of the physical definition of work. 92plain why. :on-t you dare say teaching.

/# 32. ,ow is the speed you are tra%eling related to raking distance AhintE mention thermal energy and conser%ation of energyC5

$ro%lem

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33. (n *)-g o2 is attached to a spring with a force constant of *2 /6m. The spring is compressed 11 cm and the system is released. (ssume this occurs on a ,4F#G4/T(H 7@FI(<9. (ssume also that the mass stays attached and oscillates in 7imple ,armonic 8otion. (ssume no energy is lost to friction. /& AaC What is the speed of the o2 when the spring is stretched y ).. cm5

/&

C Iind the ma2 speed of the o2.

/& 3". ( total of "+. 1 of work is done on a pin when a &..-kg sledgehammer strikes it A ringing the sledgehammer to restC. <alculate the initial speed of the sledgehammer.

'(N)S *+ mar s,
A 1.00-kg mass and a 2.00-kg mass are set gently on a platform mounted on an ideal spring of force constant 40.0 N/m. The 2.00-kg mass is suddenly removed. o! high a"ove its starting position does the 1.00-kg mass reach#

Chapter 4 Test Answer Section

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The work done is ).. 1.32 1 F9IE K6@ 4;1E ".1 H4<E 981..1 31. (/7E 7ome possi ilitiesE teacher! clergy! office worker! dri%er! or nuclear plant operator F9IE 8< 4;1E ".1 H4<E 983..1 32. (/7E The kinetic energy of a %ehicle is proportional to the square of the %elocity. :ou ling your speed would quadruple your energy. The stopping distance depends on the work done y the constant force of your rakes. Juadrupling the energy would quadruple your stopping distance. F9IE K6@ 4;1E ".2 H4<E 981..3

33. (/7E AaC The total energy is conser%ed! so /oting that all the original energy is elastic potential!

The speed at a stretch of 45" cm is +56 m/s5 A C The total energy is conser%ed. (ll of the original energy is elastic potential! and all of the final energy will e kinetic!

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Answer Section
$0('1/M 1. (/7E The pin has "+. 1 of work done on it. This will do 3"+. 1 of work on the hammer.

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