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I. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap.

Use only one word in each gap. Children from extremely clean homes may be more likely(1) to develop asthma and hay fever than those( ) who grow !p on farms or in families that allow a bit of dirt in the ho!se. It(") has been s!ggested that expos!re to the bacteria present in dirt can make an infant more tolerant of irritants in(#) the environment by helping the child$s imm!ne system to mat!re. %he evidence s!pports the hypothesis that cleaner homes and technological advances& as well as a wide(') range of dr!g(based treatments& have ()) contrib!ted to increases in allergies. %he most (*) recent st!dy fo!nd that children growing !p on farms were less prone to allergies and asthma than other children and that the more the children were (+) exposed to a certain bacterial component& called endotoxin& the less (,) likely they were to have allergies. -!t allergies are not well (1.) eno!gh !nderstood for scientists to make !sef!l recommendations yet. %hey cannot say& for example& that yo! sho!ld clean yo!r ho!se less& or b!y a dog if yo! want to lower the risks& as genetic factors also play a role. /iven that the incidence of asthma by (11) *'0 in 1merica between 1,+. and 1,,#& there (1 ) is an !rgent need to develop treatment. 2cientists are optimistic that the field is rapidly advancing and that c!rrent research may make a (1") vaccine against allergies possible soon.

1 prodigy is defined as a person with a great nat!ral ability which shows itself at (1) an early age3 they may become expert m!sicians or be capable ( ) of doing complex mathematics. 2ome yo!ngsters develop s!ch (") remarkable abilities that they attract the attention of the media& like (#) 1rran 4ernande5& a five(year old who became the (')yo!ngest person to pass a /C26& an exam for school leavers. 7e had obvio!sly benefited intellect!ally from ()) being ta!ght at home by his parents& who said that their son was still a happy and normal child despite (*) never having been to any form of school. 1rran co!ld add !p at the age of two and a half& so he obvio!sly had a nat!ral gift& b!t witho!t a great deal of effort on (+) the part of his parents& it$s !nlikely that he wo!ld have applied himself (,) to serio!s st!dy. %he role parents play (1.) in s!ch cases is highly controversial. 8any people believe that the more (11) yo! p!sh yo!ng children& the greater the chances are that the child will have social and emotional problems later (1 ) in life. %he story of another yo!ng person& 2!fiah 9!sof& who entered !niversity at the age of 1"& is often :!oted as proof of this. 2he dropped (1") o!t of her st!dies at ;xford two years later& claiming that her parents attit!de towards (1#) her constit!ted emotional ab!se. It seems that being a prodigy is no (1') s!bstit!te for a normal childhood.

II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence& !sing the word given. <o not change the word given. 9o! m!st !se between three and six words& incl!ding the word given. 1. =!lie seems to have slightly less confidence than she !sed to. QUITE =!lie doesn$t seem :!ite as confident as she !sed to. . %he storage room isn$t very attractive b!t it$s f!nctional. NOT %he storage room is not so m!ch attractive as f!nctional.

". 6verest was a far greater challenge than any other mo!ntain she$s climbed. EASILY 6verest was easily the most challenging mo!ntain she$s ever climbed. #. 6veryone involved in the c!rrent sit!ation is !nder a great deal of stress. VERY %he c!rrent sit!ation is (a) very stressf!l (one) for everyone concerned. '. It$ s possible that =ac:!eline$s schoolwork will s!ffer if she gets a 2at!rday >ob. ADVERSE If =ac:!eline gets a 2at!rday >ob& it may? might have an adverse effect on her schoolwork. ). It has been diffic!lt for the children to accept their parents$ separation. COME %he children are finding it diffic!lt to come to terms with their parents$ separation. *. It$s !rgent that the new principal start to deal with the problems facing this school. GRIPS %he new principal will have to get to grips with the problems facing this school straightaway. +. @e need to inspect f!rther to discover how badly the b!ilding has been damaged. EXTENT 4!rther inspection is needed to discover the extent of the damage to the b!ilding. ,. 4ar stricter meas!res have been introd!ced to combat dr!g dealing. CLAMPING %he a!thorities are clamping down on dr!g dealing. 1.. %he >eweller examined the stones closely to see if they were gen!ine. LOOK %he >eweller took a close look at the stones to see if they were gen!ine.

III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. %he new science teacher was pop!lar beca!se she was lenient with her classes. a. marked b. adverse c. lenient d. visible . 9o! m!st notify the school if yo!r child has to leave early. a. notify b. imply c. hono!r d. stim!late ". 8ost of the fac!lty in the history department have been lect!ring for decades. a. crew b. sophomores c. scholarship d. fac!lty #. <espite all his ifs and b!ts -ill agreed to the plan in the end. a. pl!ses and min!ses b. bits and pieces c. pros and cons d. ifs and b!ts '. %he patient is typically semiconscio!s d!ring this kind of operation. a. co!nterclockwise b. semiconscio!s c. m!ltiracial d. biann!al ). 1 comfortable bed is cond!cive to a good night$s sleep. a. concl!sive b. co(operative c. conservative d. cond!cive *. 8any people are !nable to grasp the r!les of complicated card games. a. s!ck b. grasp c. spoil d. stir +. 1 few decades ago& entry to !niversity meant st!dying a strictly academic s!b>ect& a science& or perhaps literat!re& a foreign lang!age or the classics. a. average b . intensive c. s!perior d. academic ,. %hese days& higher ed!cation establishments offer every conceivable s!b>ect from Chinese medicine to crime scene science. 8any feared these meas!res wo!ld res!lt in a d!mbing down of degree(level co!rses and the press sei5ed every opport!nity to ridic!le s!ch co!rses. a. higher b. primary c. special d. greater a. lowering b. d!mbing c. detracting d. clamping 1.. %he creation in 1,,, of a bachelor$s degree in s!rfing st!dies was taken as the !ltimate proof that !niversities were prepared to give degrees in anything in an attempt to attract yo!ng people& thereby r!ining -ritain$s academic rep!tation. a. exams b. research c. degrees d. terms a. messing aro!nd b. dragging on c. r!ining d. cramming

11. In reality& the co!rse& r!n by Alymo!th 6ngland& is highly scientific& and the c!rric!l!m is demanding& incl!ding oceanography& meteorology& materials technology and b!siness management. a. forthcoming b. definite c. cond!cive d. demanding 1 . 2t!dents on this co!rse and other seemingly more practical co!rses have act!ally performed better in tests than those doing straight science degrees. a. virt!ally b. act!ally c. ideally d. merely 1". 4ar from having an adverse effect on higher ed!cation& these new disciplines offer the opport!nity to apply theoretical knowledge directly. a. apply b. wrestle c. cons!me d. ind!lge 1#. 8any ed!cators believe that it is better for st!dents to attend school all year ro!nd than to have a long s!mmer vacation. Ideally& the s!mmer can be every bit as prod!ctive as time in a classroom. a. every b. almost c. nearly d. any 1'. %he vacation sho!ld be a carefree time& spent o!tdoors or with family b!t& that most parents work& it is all too often the case that children are left !ns!pervised. a. very b. more c. too d. :!ite 1). 2t!dies have shown that children from low(income families fall f!rther behind d!ring the s!mmer than children from wealthier backgro!nds. a. m!ch b. f!rther c. even d. lot a. lowly b. wealthier c. similar d. those 1*. ;ne st!dy fo!nd that while middle(class children slightly improved their reading skills over the s!mmer months& their peers from low(income families lost more than two months in reading achievement. a. while b. yet c. fewer d. rather a. st!dents b. peers c. assignments d. co!rses a. aided b. rose c. impaired d. lost

IB. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. @ith more and more parents t!rning to private t!ition (TUTOR) and children as yo!ng as seven taking national standard attainment tests& this book is a timely reminder that childhood (CHILD) sho!ld be& for the most part& a time of discovery and f!n& free from the press!re of contin!o!s assessment (ASSESS). . C!rrent ideology is necessarily (NECESSARY) correct& as the chances are that it will swiftly be replaced by a new trend. ". %he second section b!ilds on this insight (SEE) by offering constr!ctive (CONSTRUCT) advice for parents who feel that doing well academically (ACADEMY) is not the most important thing in a child$s early years.

B. %hink of one word only which can be !sed appropriately in all three sentences. 1. 8y mobile phone is broken I dropped it as 1 was getting o!t of the car. 4rank has dropped plenty of hints that he wo!ld like to be o!r best man& why don$t we ask himC %eresa dropped o!t of !niversity in her second year beca!se she wanted to travel the world. . Alease visit o!r website if yo! re:!ire f!rther information abo!t any of o!r prod!cts. 1fter leaving school& =ason went on to st!dy to!rism at a f!rther ed!cation college. Is it only 1 miles to the coast from yo!r ho!seC I tho!ght it was f!rther away. ". %he Christmas meal was a real feast D each co!rse was more delicio!s than the previo!s one. I haven$t driven for years so I$m thinking of taking a refresher co!rse before I get behind the wheel again. %he captain informed !s that the ship was on co!rse and that we wo!ld reach o!r destination in two days$ time. #. 8anaging a small hotel will be a challenge b!t I$m s!re we can make a go of it. I$ve never been winds!rfing before b!t I$d like to have a go one day. @ith exams coming !p& and doing extra training for the basketball finals& it$s all go for me at the moment.

I. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each gap. Children from extremely clean homes may be more EEEEEEE(1) to develop asthma and hay fever than EEEEEEE( ) who grow !p on farms or in families that allow a bit of dirt in the ho!se. EEEEEEE (") has been s!ggested that expos!re to the bacteria present in dirt can make an infant more tolerant of irritants EEEEEEE(#) the environment by helping the child$s imm!ne system to mat!re. %he evidence s!pports the hypothesis that cleaner homes and technological advances& as well as a EEEEEEE(') range of dr!g(based treatments& EEEEEEE()) contrib!ted to increases in allergies. %he EEEEEEE(*) recent st!dy fo!nd that children growing !p on farms were less prone to allergies and asthma than other children and that the more the children EEEEEEE(+) exposed to a certain bacterial component& called endotoxin& the EEEEEEE(,) likely they were to have allergies. -!t allergies are not EEEEEEE(1.) eno!gh !nderstood for scientists to make !sef!l recommendations yet. %hey cannot say& for example& that yo! sho!ld clean yo!r ho!se less& or b!y a dog if yo! want to lower the risks& as genetic factors also play a role. /iven that the incidence of asthma EEEEEEE(11) *'0 in 1merica between 1,+. and 1,,#& EEEEEEE(1 ) is an !rgent need to develop treatment. 2cientists are optimistic that the field is rapidly advancing and that c!rrent research may make EEEEEEE(1") vaccine against allergies possible soon.

1 prodigy is defined as a person with a great nat!ral ability which shows itself EEEEEEE (1) an early age3 they may become expert m!sicians or be EEEEEEE ( ) of doing complex mathematics. 2ome yo!ngsters develop EEEEEEE (") remarkable abilities that they attract the attention of the media& EEEEEEE (#) 1rran 4ernande5& a five(year old who became EEEEEEE (')yo!ngest person to pass a /C26& an exam for school leavers. 7e had obvio!sly benefited intellect!ally EEEEEEE ()) being ta!ght at home by his parents& who said that their son was still a happy and normal child EEEEEEE (*) never having been to any form of school. 1rran co!ld add !p at the age of two and a half& so he obvio!sly had a nat!ral gift& b!t witho!t a great deal of effort EEEEEEE (+) the part of his parents& it$s !nlikely that he wo!ld have applied EEEEEEE (,) to serio!s st!dy. %he role parents EEEEEEE (1.) in s!ch cases is highly controversial. 8any people believe that the EEEEEEE (11) yo! p!sh yo!ng children& the greater the chances are that the child will have social and emotional problems EEEEEEE (1 ) in life. %he story of another yo!ng person& 2!fiah 9!sof& who entered !niversity at the age of 1"& is often :!oted as proof of this. 2he EEEEEEE (1") o!t of her st!dies at ;xford two years later& claiming that her parents attit!de EEEEEEE (1#) her constit!ted emotional ab!se. It seems that being a prodigy is EEEEEEE (1') s!bstit!te for a normal childhood.

II. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence& !sing the word given. <o not change the word given. 9o! m!st !se between three and six words& incl!ding the word given. 1. =!lie seems to have slightly less confidence than she !sed to. QUITE =!lie doesn$t EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE !sed to. . %he storage room isn$t very attractive b!t it$s f!nctional. NOT %he storage room EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE f!nctional.

". 6verest was a far greater challenge than any other mo!ntain she$s climbed. EASILY 6verest was EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE she$s ever climbed. #. 6veryone involved in the c!rrent sit!ation is !nder a great deal of stress. VERY %he c!rrent sit!ation is EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE everyone concerned. '. It$ s possible that =ac:!eline$s schoolwork will s!ffer if she gets a 2at!rday >ob. ADVERSE If =ac:!eline gets a 2at!rday >ob& it EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE her schoolwork. ). It has been diffic!lt for the children to accept their parents$ separation. COME %he children are finding EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE with their parents$ separation. *. It$s !rgent that the new principal start to deal with the problems facing this school. GRIPS %he new principal will have to EEEEEEEEEEEEEEE the problems facing this school straightaway. +. @e need to inspect f!rther to discover how badly the b!ilding has been damaged. EXTENT 4!rther inspection is EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE the damage to the b!ilding. ,. 4ar stricter meas!res have been introd!ced to combat dr!g dealing. CLAMPING %he a!thorities are EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE dr!g dealing. 1.. %he >eweller examined the stones closely to see if they were gen!ine. LOOK %he >eweller EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE the stones to see if they were gen!ine.

III. Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence. 1. %he new science teacher was pop!lar beca!se she was EEEEEEE with her classes. a. marked b. adverse c. lenient d. visible . 9o! m!st EEEEEEEthe school if yo!r child has to leave early. a. notify b. imply c. hono!r d. stim!late ". 8ost of the EEEEEEEin the history department have been lect!ring for decades. a. crew b. sophomores c. scholarship d. fac!lty #. <espite all his EEEEEEE-ill agreed to the plan in the end. a. pl!ses and min!ses b. bits and pieces c. pros and cons d. ifs and b!ts '. %he patient is typically EEEEEEEd!ring this kind of operation. a. co!nterclockwise b. semiconscio!s c. m!ltiracial d. biann!al ). 1 comfortable bed is EEEEEEEto a good night$s sleep. a. concl!sive b. co(operative c. conservative d. cond!cive *. 8any people are !nable to EEEEEEEthe r!les of complicated card games. a. s!ck b. grasp c. spoil d. stir +. 1 few decades ago& entry to !niversity meant st!dying a strictly EEEEEEEs!b>ect& a science& or perhaps literat!re& a foreign lang!age or the classics. a. average b . intensive c. s!perior d. academic ,. %hese days& EEEEEEEed!cation establishments offer every conceivable s!b>ect from Chinese medicine to crime scene science. 8any feared these meas!res wo!ld res!lt in a EEEEEEEdown of degree(level co!rses and the press sei5ed every opport!nity to ridic!le s!ch co!rses. a. higher b. primary c. special d. greater a. lowering b. d!mbing c. detracting d. clamping 1.. %he creation in 1,,, of a bachelor$s degree in s!rfing st!dies was taken as the !ltimate proof that !niversities were prepared to give EEEEEEEin anything in an attempt to attract yo!ng people& thereby EEEEEEE-ritain$s academic rep!tation. a. exams b. research c. degrees d. terms a. messing aro!nd b. dragging on c. r!ining d. cramming

11. In reality& the co!rse& r!n by Alymo!th 6ngland& is highly scientific& and the c!rric!l!m is EEEEEEE& incl!ding oceanography& meteorology& materials technology and b!siness management. a. forthcoming b. definite c. cond!cive d. demanding 1 . 2t!dents on this co!rse and other seemingly more practical co!rses have EEEEEEEperformed better in tests than those doing straight science degrees. a. virt!ally b. act!ally c. ideally d. merely 1". 4ar from having an adverse effect on higher ed!cation& these new disciplines offer the opport!nity to EEEEEEEtheoretical knowledge directly. a. apply b. wrestle c. cons!me d. ind!lge 1#. 8any ed!cators believe that it is better for st!dents to attend school all year ro!nd than to have a long s!mmer vacation. Ideally& the s!mmer can be EEEEEEEbit as prod!ctive as time in a classroom. a. every b. almost c. nearly d. any 1'. %he vacation sho!ld be a carefree time& spent o!tdoors or with family b!t& that most parents work& it is all EEEEEEEoften the case that children are left !ns!pervised. a. very b. more c. too d. :!ite 1). 2t!dies have shown that children from low(income families fall EEEEEEEbehind d!ring the s!mmer than children from EEEEEEEbackgro!nds. a. m!ch b. f!rther c. even d. lot a. lowly b. wealthier c. similar d. those 1*. ;ne st!dy fo!nd that EEEEEEEmiddle(class children slightly improved their reading skills over the s!mmer months& their EEEEEEEfrom low(income families EEEEEEEmore than two months in reading achievement. a. while b. yet c. fewer d. rather a. st!dents b. peers c. assignments d. co!rses a. aided b. rose c. impaired d. lost

IB. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. 1. @ith more and more parents t!rning to private EEEEEEE (TUTOR) and children as yo!ng as seven taking national standard attainment tests& this book is a timely reminder that EEEEEEE (CHILD) sho!ld be& for the most part& a time of discovery and f!n& free from the press!re of contin!o!s EEEEEEE (ASSESS). . C!rrent ideology is EEEEEEE (NECESSARY) correct& as the chances are that it will swiftly be replaced by a new trend. ". %he second section b!ilds on this EEEEEEE (SEE) by offering EEEEEEE (CONSTRUCT) advice for parents who feel that doing well EEEEEEE (ACADEMY) is not the most important thing in a child$s early years.

B. %hink of one word only which can be !sed appropriately in all three sentences. 1. 8y mobile phone is broken I EEEEEEEit as 1 was getting o!t of the car. 4rank has EEEEEEEplenty of hints that he wo!ld like to be o!r best man& why don$t we ask himC %eresa EEEEEEEo!t of !niversity in her second year beca!se she wanted to travel the world. . Alease visit o!r website if yo! re:!ire EEEEEEEinformation abo!t any of o!r prod!cts. 1fter leaving school& =ason went on to st!dy to!rism at a EEEEEEEed!cation college. Is it only 1 miles to the coast from yo!r ho!seC I tho!ght it was EEEEEEEaway. ". %he Christmas meal was a real feast D each EEEEEEEwas more delicio!s than the previo!s one. I haven$t driven for years so I$m thinking of taking a refresher EEEEEEEbefore I get behind the wheel again. %he captain informed !s that the ship was on EEEEEEEand that we wo!ld reach o!r destination in two days$ time. #. 8anaging a small hotel will be a challenge b!t I$m s!re we can make a EEEEEEEof it. I$ve never been winds!rfing before b!t I$d like to have a EEEEEEEone day. @ith exams coming !p& and doing extra training for the basketball finals& it$s all EEEEEEEfor me at the moment.

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