Transportation Sector in India

Group-3

•Ashish Baijal (3)

•Mihir Jana (14)
•Sorabh Marwah (25)
•Ritambhar Roy (38)
•Sandeep Sreenivasa (50)
 History
 16th century: Sher Shah
Suri, commissioned the
Grand Trunk Road .
 British India Era:
infrastructure focused on
colonial requirements.
 1853: Boribunder to Thane.
Lobbied by mill owners in
Lancashire.
 Railway Network: 0 km in
1850 to 10,500 km by 1875
1500
1947
Independent India:
 Top down infrastructure vision.
 Government trying to prove to the
world what India was capable of.
 1950-70: traffic increased thirty fold,
road length went up only five times.
 Rail network increased – 0.5% in
1950s, barely detectable growth of
0.2% in 1960s, 70s.
 6th Five year plan: ‘power, coal, and
transport plan.
 750 km Konkan railway: First major
project since British left.
 Unstable Governments =>
Infrastructure investment - lose-lose
option.
 Vajpayee’s Government - made
infrastructure politically fashionable.
2009
Profile

Source: Planning Commission, 10th five year plan

Comprehending Transport

Public comes to accept

poor transport as a way
Lights go off or taps run
Transport sector grinds of life –the economy runs
Difficult to comprehend Problems in the power or dry –the public slow, quality of life bad,
to a halt slowly –like lung
the significance of water, immediately immediately knows – people die in accidents.
disease –slowly crippling
transport. visible medical analogy is a
the body
heart attack
Road
 NHDP-1 Golden Quadrilateral, 5846 km

NHDP NHDP-2 North South, East-West Corridor,

7300 km
NHDP-3 Upgrade 12,109 km of NHs.
 NHDP-1 Golden
Quadrilateral5846 km NHDP-4 2 laning of remaining roads.
 NHDP-2 North-South, East-
NHDP-5 6 laning of selected roads
West Corridor, 7300 km.
NHDP-6 Chennai-Bangalore,
 NHDP-3 Upgrade 12,109
km of NHs. Kolkata-Dhanbad Expressway.

 NHDP-4 2 laning of NHDP-7 Ring Roads, Grade Separators

remaining roads
 NHDP-5 6 laning of selected
roads
 NHDP-6 Chennai- Expressways
Bangalore, Kolkata-Dhanbad
Shimla-Chandigarh Expressway
Expressway.
 NHDP-7 Ring Roads, Grade Ganga Expressway
Separators Bangalore-Mysore Infrastructure Corridor.
 Railways
 One of the longest
network in the world –
63,327 km, 6300
stations.

 Daily
 18 million passengers.
 2 tonnes of freight.

 Konkan Railway. Major

project after
 RORO(Roll On Roll Off)
independence.
service: road-rail
synergy.
 Kashmir Railway – second
 Tariff policies: overcharge
highest in the world.
freight to subsidize passenger
travel  Mumbai- Delhi, Mumbai-
Howrah Rail Corridor.
Intra-City: Public Transport
Bus
• 90 % of public transport
• Low floor A/C buses (Volvo, Marco Polo) – 2006 in Bangalore.
• Bus Rapid Transit System – Delhi, Pune.
Train
• Metro: Kolkata, Delhi
• Suburban trains: Mumbai, Chennai.
Water and Sea
Main Gateway are 12 Major Ports

Share of Indian Trade 95% by quantity. And 77% by value.

Before liberalization about 165 (1991) vs 520

Traffic (2004) million tons

Inland navigable
Under developed. Total Cargo movement is
length is
water way just 0.1%, compared to 21% in US
14,500 km
 Aviation  PPP Model, Green field airports-
Bangalore, Hyderabad.
 Airlines connect more than 80 cities.

 System remains untapped.  Privatization of Delhi and Mumbai

Airports
 Around 90 million passengers
annually.
 Equal to Railways in 5 days.  Mumbai-Delhi air corridor, ranked
6th busiest routes
Institutional Arrangement

Source: ADB - Indian transport profile

Share of Transport Sector
Share of Transport in
Share of Transport in
Year Total Expenditure
Overall GDP(%)
(%)

1999–2000 5.7 3.2

2000–2001 5.8 4.5
2001–2002 5.8 4.8
2002–2003 6 4.1
2003–2004 6.2 3.9
2004–2005 6.4 4.2
Comparison with China
Units INDIA CHINA
Length of Roads Km. 3,516,452 3,300,000
Main Roads Km. 666,452 770,265
Highways Km. 66,590 130,000
Expressways Km. 200 60,300

Rail Track Length Km. 63,327 76,000

No. of Ports 197 2000

Major 12 130
Turnaround time Days 3 1

Airports 80 467
International 11 40
PPP model, IIFCL

Role of IIFCL
 IIFCL is a SPV to provide long term finance to infrastructure projects
 Overriding priority to PPP projects
 Finance projects in sectors like roads, airports, ports, power, urban
infrastructure etc
Way Forward
Expanding Construction Capacity
Construction industry capacity already overstretched –
quality, price affected

Improving Contract Management

On average publicly financed road construction
contracts suffering 35% cost over-runs
Poor quality of designs and site investigations.
Land acquisition.
Accountability/Transparency.
Media must do its part to increase the accountability of
public institutions, examples:

Report cards on New

delivery of programs/projects
services by public
PWDs consultations

Performance
Regular columns
statistics, e.g.
responding to
road accidents by
citizens queries
public transport
about transport
buses
References

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