Unit 2

True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 2. Both plants and animals are made up of cells. 4. All cells are very small. 5. Diffusion is a type of active transport. 6. Only animals undergo respiration. 7. Animals use chlorophyll to produce glucose. . !hotosynthesis results in the release of o"ygen. #. $n respiration% glucose is &ro'en do(n.

Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ )*. +sually% the largest organelle in a cell is the ____. a chromatin c vacuole . . & nucleus d lysosome . .

____ )). !lant cells that are long and hollo( transport ____ and (ater throughout the plant. a o"ygen c &lood . . & chlorophyll d food . .

____ )2. ,hich of these have pro'aryotic cellsa snails . & frogs .

c . d .

&acteria food

____ )4. .roups of similar cells that do the same sort of (or' are ____. a organs c tissues . . & organ systems d organelles

____ )5. /aterials enter and leave the nucleus through openings in its ____. a organelles c mem&rane . . & D0A d chromatin . .

____ )6. Bacteria that live in places (ith a supply of o"ygen are ____. a anaero&es c viruses . . & aero&es d capsules . .

____ )#. 1armful &acteria in food can &e 'illed &y ____. a sunlight c . . & cold d . .

heat all of the a&ove

____ 22. Bacteria are used in ____. a farming . & the medical industry .

c . d .

the food industry all of the a&ove

____ 24. ____ live in very harsh surroundings. a 3u&acteria . & Archae&acteria .

c . d .

4aprophytic &acteria !ro'aryotic &acteria

____ 25. All protists have a nucleus and are ____. a pro'aryotic .

c .

one5celled

& eu'aryotic .

d .

many5celled

____ 26. ____ are short structures e"tending from cell mem&ranes that (or' li'e oars to propel a proto6oan. a 7lagella c 8ilia . . & 8hloroplasts d 3yespots . .

____ 27. !rotists can &e ____. a animal5li'e . & plantli'e .

c . d .

fungusli'e all of the a&ove

____ 2 . ,hich is 0O9 a characteristic of all fungia don:t contain chlorophyll . & ma'e their o(n food .

c . d .

reproduce &y spores decompose organic matter

____ 2#. 4u&stances too large to pass through the cell mem&rane enter the cell in a process called ____. a endocytosis c e"ocytosis . . & passive transport d active transport . .

____ 2*. Active transport occurs (hen ____ is used to move su&stances through a mem&rane. a osmosis c diffusion . . & energy d chlorophyll . .

____ 2). 9he passive transport of (ater through a mem&rane is ____. a osmosis c e;uili&rium . . & fermentation d active transport . .

____ 22. ,hich of these is selectively permea&lea door .

c .

(all

& (indo( screen .

d .

mirror

____ 22. 9he process that releases energy (ithout using o"ygen is ____. a photosynthesis c osmosis . . & respiration d fermentation . .

Figure 3-1 ____ 24. Diagram A in 7igure 25) is an e"ample of ____. a diffusion c . . & active transport d . . osmosis e;uili&rium

____ 25. Diagram B in 7igure 25) is an e"ample of ____. a e"ocytosis c . . & active transport d . .

osmosis e;uili&rium

____ 26. Diagram 8 in 7igure 25) is an e"ample of ____. a diffusion c . . & active transport d . .

osmosis e;uili&rium

____ 27. Diagram D in 7igure 25) is an e"ample of ____. a e"ocytosis c . . & active transport d . .

osmosis e;uili&rium

____ 2 . Diagram 3 in 7igure 25) is an e"ample of ____. a diffusion c . . & e"ocytosis d . .

osmosis e;uili&rium

____ 2#. Diagram 7 in 7igure 25) is an e"ample of ____. a diffusion c . . & active transport d . .

osmosis e;uili&rium

____ 4*. ,hich diagrams in figure 25) sho( processes that re;uire energya none c structures D and 7 . . & all d structures 8 and 3 . .

Matching Match each term with the correct description below. a lysosomes g nucleus . . & vacuoles h organelles . . c compound light microscope i. cell mem&rane . d scanning electron microscope <. cell (all . e electron microscope ' cytoplasm . . f mitochondria l. .olgi &odies .

____ 4). mem&rane5&ound spaces for temporary storage in cells

____ 42. protective layer around all cells ____ 42. (here the energy in food is stored until it is released ____ 44. magnifies images up to a million times ____ 45. protects the cells of plants ____ 46. flattened mem&ranes that pac'age cellular su&stances ____ 47. gives a three5dimensional vie( of an o&<ect ____ 4 . gelatinli'e material inside cell mem&rane ____ 4#. structures (ithin the cytoplasm of eu'aryotic cells ____ 5*. directs all the activities of the cell ____ 5). has t(o sets of lenses to magnify an o&<ect ____ 52. organelles that contain digestive chemicals Match each term with the correct description below. a pathogens f. anti&iotic . & endospores g to"ins . . c flagella h vaccine . . d eu&acteria i. anaero&es . e pro'aryotic <. saprophyte .

____ 52. &acteria that have produced thic'5(alled structures ____ 54. cells that do not have genetic material in a nucleus ____ 55. (hipli'e tails that move &acteria ____ 56. produced &y one &acteria% &ut inhi&its or 'ills another ____ 57. poisons produced &y pathogens ____ 5 . the larger of the t(o main groups of &acteria ____ 5#. organisms that produce disease

____ 6*. organisms that can live (ithout o"ygen ____ 6). organism that uses dead material as a food and energy source ____ 62. made from dead or damaged &acteria that is used to prevent &acterial diseases Completion Complete each statement.

Figure 2-1 62. $n the animal cell sho(n in 7igure 25)% structure A is the ____________________. 64. $n the animal cell sho(n in 7igure 25)% structure B is the ____________________. 65. $n the animal cell sho(n in 7igure 25)% structure 8 is the ____________________. 66. $n the animal cell sho(n in 7igure 25)% structure D is the _________________________. 67. $n the animal cell sho(n in 7igure 25)% structure 3 is the ____________________.

Figure 12-1 6 . Bacteria A in 7igure )25) is called ____________________.

6#. Bacteria B in 7igure )25) is called ____________________. 7*. Bacteria 8 in 7igure )25) is called ____________________.

Figure 12-2 7). 4tructure B in 7igure )252 is a=n> ____________________. 72. 4tructure D in 7igure )252 is a=n> ____________________. 72. 9he energy used in photosynthesis comes from ____________________. 74. A plant (ilts as a result of the process of ____________________. 75. 9he compound that allo(s materials to move through cell mem&ranes &y osmosis is ____________________. Short Answer 76. 1o( many times does a compound light microscope (ith an eyepiece lens of )2" and an o&<ective lens of 44" magnify o&<ects77. 1o( is a plant cell different from an animal cell7 . ,hy are some cells in plant stems long and hollo( (ith openings at their ends7#. ,hy is the nucleus important to the cell*. ,hat is a compound light microscope). ,hat are the three parts of the cell theory2. ,hat is one difference &et(een one5celled organisms and cells in an organ2. ,hy are mitochondria important to life4. ?ou are loo'ing at a single cell that is green in color. 1o( do you 'no( it is a plant cell5. ,hat is the main difference &et(een a pro'aryotic cell and a eu'aryotic cell6. ,hat everyday products used in your home have &een produced &y or contain &acteria7. Descri&e some helpful uses of &acteria. . 0ame t(o characteristics of all protists.

#. ,here does respiration &egin and ta'e place in the cell#*. By (hat processes do (astes leave cells#). 1o( is osmosis related to diffusion#2. ,hat does the term selectively permeable mean#2. 8ontrast ho( plant roots ta'e in minerals from the soil (ith ho( they ta'e in (ater.

Unit 2 Answer Section

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!94@ ) 64. A04@ centrioles !94@ ) 65. A04@ nucleus !94@ )

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77. A04@ !lant cells have cell (alls and chloroplasts. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ )B) 49A@ 752.2

7 . A04@ 9hey carry food and (ater throughout the plant. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ )B) 49A@ 752.)

7#. A04@ 9he nucleus directs all the activities of the cell and contains D0A. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ 2B) 49A@ 752.)

*. A04@ A compound light microscope has t(o sets of lensesFeyepiece lenses and o&<ective lenses. 9he eyepiece lenses are mounted in one or t(o tu&eli'e structures. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ 4B2 49A@ 75).)

). A04@ =)> All organisms are made up of one or more cells. =2> 9he cell is the &asic unit of organi6ation in organisms. =2> All cells come from cells. !94@ ) D$7@ B OBA@ 5B2

2. A04@ One5celled organisms perform all their life functions &y themselvesG organ cells (or' together and depend in some (ay on other cells. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ )B)

2. A04@ /itochondria release energy from &ro'en5do(n food molecules. !94@ ) 4. A04@ D$7@ A OBA@ )B) 49A@ 752.4

9he cells of plants are enclosed in a cell (all. Also% plant cells contain chloroplasts that have the pigment chlorophyll% (hich ma'es plants green. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ )B) 49A@ 752.2

5. A04@ !ro'aryotic cells have no mem&rane5&ound structuresG eu'aryotic cells have mem&rane5&ound structures. !94@ ) D$7@ B OBA@ )B) 49A@ 752.)

6. A04@ Ans(ers may include cleaning products or food products such as yogurt. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ 2B) 49A@ 752.4

7. A04@ Bacteria are used in the production of many foods% including cheese and yogurt. 9hey are also used in ma'ing medicines and are important in cleaning up oil spills. 4aprophyte &acteria help maintain nature:s &alance &y digesting dead organisms and returning nutrients to the environment. !94@ ) D$7@ B OBA@ 2B) 49A@ 752.2

. A04@ eu'aryotic% live in moist or (et surroundings !94@ ) D$7@ B OBA@ 4B2 49A@ 752.2

#. A04@ $t &egins in the cytoplasm and also ta'es place in the mitochondria. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ B2

#*. A04@ active transport% e"ocytosis% passive transport% diffusion !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ 6B2

#). A04@ Osmosis is the passive transport of (ater through a mem&rane &y diffusion. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ 5B2

#2. A04@ 4ome things are allo(ed to pass through a cell mem&raneG others are not allo(ed to pass through. !94@ ) #2. A04@ D$7@ A OBA@ 4B2 49A@ 752.)

,ater enters &y diffusion% or passive transport. 3nergy is used to transport minerals and involves active transport. !94@ ) D$7@ A OBA@ 6B2