How an optical network solves cryptography and enhances speed issue, in order to implement quantum computing

Introduction There is an assumption held by scientists that management and organization of data flow in specific framework with specific purpose which quantum computing can solve, can be embody with help of fibre optic. Fibre optic is extensively in use in these 21 century. It is widely applied in telecommunications, medicine, broadcasting and networking. However, fibre optic possibilities had been demonstrated by Colladon and Babinet in the early 1840s and the first optical fibre was obtainable in 2000s. Implementing fibre optics into telecommunications has been the beginning of the new era of fast data transfer. From that time fiber optic and crystal fibre optic, which is another name of fibre optics, is widely in use in networking area; and development of quantum computing has been new solution for the high speed computing which enhance data security, and contributes to the possibility of developing quantum computer, the computer of the future. A possible way of achieving it through proactive approaches such as optical transistor is under study, and development of optical transistor will be the best solution, also there could be other solutions. However, there are several nuances linked to fibre optic; first of all, high price and high vulnerability (Frank el., 2002). This report will first consider key issues of developing quantum computing and possible solutions. Secondly, data transfer and encryption of data will be examined. Finally, it will be discussed how with the help of optic fiber quantum computer can be regulated effectively, a management of the plan and implementation of it which particular to these needs could be met will be introduced.

Purpose and definitions of quantum computing It is worth defining the boundaries and purposes of the term quantum computing before proceeding with the discussion. In general, "quantum" is a discrete amount of any electromagnetic energy (Hornby, 2000). According to Oxford Dictionary (Hornby, 2000) the term quantum computing is a computation device which directly deals with quantum physics to solve it and the quantum state of minimum particles to store information. "Proton" is the main and very small piece of matter which has positive electric charge and form of the atom (Hornby, 2000). Another term is "algorithm" a set of
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rules which have to be followed while solving particular problem (Hornby, 2000). According to protons will be mentioned quantum "superposition", in other words both "true" and "false" possible states simultaneously (Hornby, 2000).

How quantum computing can be implemented with help of proton Quantum computer in general deals with operation on data and it is a computation device. The main difference from digital computer is digital computers encodes data into binary digital beats which equal to 1 and 0, where 1 stands for 'true' and 0 stands for 'false' whereas quantum computation represents data with help of quantum properties. Such as very small measurement is quantum (quantum bits). Which means single proton can be true and false at the same time which means multiple states simultaneously, and this allows developing quantum mechanism by using this superposition. Sartain (2011) pointed out that practically, quantum bit is a bit of information which can be 1 or 0 simultaneously. Theoretically, that means that future quantum computers can process calculation at the same time. Figure-1 illustrates the superposition of the proton where arrow up represent as a "true" or 1, in this case it equal to 0.80. In addition, this position of proton is also known as spin up. Another position where arrow shows down represents "false" statement or 0, which also known as spin down.

Source: Center for Quantum Computation Communication Technology in Australia (2013). Retrieved September 6, 2013, from
http://www.cqc2t.org/

Figure-1: Illustration of the proton in superposition In order to make it clear, it can be imagined as a single proton with two arrows in different direction where one arrow stands for true and second one for false. This characteristic of the proton is a main reason why it was chosen in order to implement quantum computing. Another reason, in essence, quantum gives full possibility of parallel
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systems (Sartain, 2011). It is very important to outline drawbacks of the framework where will be implement data transfer with help of light, which means fibre optic itself.

Drawbacks of implementing fibre optic As it was outlined before fibre optic has drawbacks which will be discussed in this paragpaph. Fibre optic is not allocated with stability, furthermore significantly sensitive and highly vulnerable to external factors. Many studies have been done and still light is not fully studied. Scientist under study of the smallest particle proton which is aggregation of light, and by using this light for transferring package of data from one point to another by using one single proton or light particles. Illustration of transmission of light through fiber optic can be seen from Figure-2. However, if in smooth surface of fiber optic there are any different damages such as thermal, significant or may be damage which is not noticeable with the naked eyes can have detrimental consequences for instance, loss of data and sometimes full damage of fiber cable (Baba, 1982). Also, there is another obstacle within protons which is still mystery and has no scientific explanation. In vacuum environment when protons face with each other has ability such as modifying each other's behaviour. For instance, if two protons collide in a vacuum sometimes they pass through each other (Dorghine, 2013). In contemporary time, this is the main issues of optical transistor, which means main problem which stops development of quantum computer and scientist still cannot solve this issue, because there no explanation of such behaviour of proton.

Source: Video animation fiber optic, (2013). Retrieved September 8, 2013 from http://www.rkm.com.au/animations/Animation-Fibre-O ptic.html

(Figure-2) Illustration of fibre optic while transmitting light Another drawback is price of the fibre and physical characteristics.

Cost and vulnerability of fibre Cost is one of the challenges which make the fibre optics only relevant to cost efficiency and infrastructure economics attractiveness for the majority of countries. Government cannot afford substitution of all current electrical connections by optical fiber. Another issue is significant damage will have detrimental consequences such as lose of data irrevocably. However, as data package transfers with help of the light and according to reflecting angle, and changes in smooth surface of fibre can damage data. However, despite these drawbacks there are more important pros such as matter of speed and encryption of data does not need to develop an outstanding algorithm in order to provide security of data while transferring. Thus, it can be concluded that from the aspect of cost efficiency the fibre infractstructure is an undesireable alternative. So, speed will be increase min by 50 times from current available speed in other words approximately 10Gb/s (Winters and Kasturia, 1992). Having considered all the above mentioned aspects, it can be seen that it is not good solution. Nowadays scientists are under study and searching for other solutions. However, some scientists totally disagree and they think that they should stop developing this idea (Sartain, 2012).

Fibre network, Cryptography However, in this report considered the view that there may be some useful overlaps, as outlined in previous paragraph. Firstly, matter of speed is the main aspect. One of the advantages of optical fibre is high speed. It is widely believed that speed of light equal to 173 astronomical units per day. For instance approximately light signal from Earth can reach Moon in 1.3 ns. So, according to distance between the sun and the earth, it takes 8 minutes and 19 second to sunlight to reach the earth. However, speed in vacuum would supply only 69% of light speed in space. While increasing speed security of data also plays important role. So, in this way there has been illustrated how actual speed of fibre optic will be and speed of computer communication, which means how quickly we can receive and send data packages by taking into consider destination between two nodes. Secondly no less important point is a security of the data. Cryptography is branch of information security and math which provides analysing and constructing set of rules which technically provides communication security. Process of converting readable and understandable data to symbols is knows as encryption of data. In optical fibre security and speed co-works, it means that in such high level of data transfer standard algorithms would be enough to provide safety of data packages. Thus, this component provides environment for solving specific type of problems, which can provide significant
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improvement in development technology and problem solving.

What quantum computing gives Bearing in mind all the opportunities of quantum computing, it might be noticed that quantum computing gives extremely high speed as in communication as in interaction between nodes. Where for example, computer A can be located in Kazakhstan and computer B in the UK and the time consuming to search usually in banks database queries unpredictable, where processing one query in table with million accounts can take from hours to days. With help of new future quantum computer such queries might be done in seconds mentioned (Center for Quantum Computation Communication Technology in Australia, 2013).

Superposition, future of network with quantum mechanism In essence, this report will take view the future prospects of this project about superposition of qubits. Now why this superposition so important? Borghino (2013) pointed out in his article that ten protons in superposition state can carry 210 or 1024 bits of information; thirty protons can carry billion bits; and array of thousand bits 10300 bits can carry more than atoms in the universe. Gildert, PhD pointed out that in addition to computing quantum computing will be widely used in machine learning, which strongly connected to artificial Intelligent (AI) (Sartain, 2011). However, Artur Ekert, professor of Quantum Physics, Mathematical Institute at the University of Oxford, notes that physicists cannot manipulate as they want with quantum bits, only control which are competent in cryptography and communication and nothing more. Also, he suggests to switch to new source and profound about nature law (Sartain, 2011).

Conclusion Looking to research which was carried out by scientists, fibre networks can give new ways of solving problems in development of quantum computing with outstanding speed and security; however, some people may be unwilling to admit that it is consumption of time and sources which will have no results, according to unstudied behaviour of protons
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which can act differently in same situation and pass through each other in circumstances of vacuum. Having said that, one difficulty with fibre optics is vulnerability and cost, effectiveness of this "network" in use of this term means connection between computers in order to exchange data, can give advantage in time. The overlay between technology development performance achievable only by further development and study or research which is allow the quantum computing further development and become more beneficial or may be even pave a new path of new branch in computer science. However, unless, key issue with proton in vacuum environment will not be solve, there would not be full implementation of quantum computing with all its possibilities.

Bibliography

Baba J. (1982). Vulnerability Of Fiber Optic Cables To Thermal Pulses, Proc. SPIE 0296, Fiber Optics in Adverse Environments I, 0296, 58 Borghine D. (2013). All-optical transistor could be a big leap of quantum computing. Retrieved September 5, 2013, from
http://www.gizmag.com/optical-transistor-quantum-computing/28203/

Center For Quantum Computation Communication Technology in Australia (2013). Retrieved September 6, 2013, from http://www.cqc2t.org/ Frank W. L.& Robert W. B.& Stuart E. J.& John R. W. (2002). A Concept of Operations for a New Deep-Diving Submarine. RAND Hornby A. (2000). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Sartain J. (2011). Network World US. Retrieved 3 September, 2013, from http://features.techworld.com/applications/3306108/is-quantum-computing-real/ Video animation fiber optic, (2013). Retrieved September 8, 2013 from http://www.rkm.com.au/animations/Animation-Fibre-Optic.html

Winters J. and Kasturia S. (1992). Adaptive nonlinear cancellation for high-speed fiber-optic systems. Lightwave Technology, 10(12), 971 -977