Lumositys Smartest Colleges 2013

Daniel A. Sternberg, Ph.D. In 2012, Lumosity unveiled its first list of America's Smartest Colleges using game play data from its database of human cognitive performance - the largest of its kind in the world. Rankings were based on scores from over 60,000 college students who played Lumosity games that challenge five cognitive areas: memory, processing speed, flexibility, attention and problem solving. This was the first college ranking analysis to directly measure cognitive performance by looking at tasks that challenge the underlying core cognitive abilities of a student population. The findings were strongly correlated with both the school's median composite SAT and ACT scores, as well as the U.S. News & World Report's annual college rankings. This analysis aimed to provide college applicants another data point to determine what the right college fit might be for them. The complete 2012 Lumositys Smartest Colleges white paper is available at: http://blog.lumosity.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Lumositys-Smartest-Colleges.pdf This years analysis of Americas Smartest Colleges again drew from Lumositys continuously growing database of over 50 million users - up from 30 million users in 2012. With this growth in the past year, we were able to improve our methodology by narrowing eligibility requirements, while still garnering a sample size of over 70,000 college students.

Methods and Analysis

The basic approach we took this year replicated the one we used in our 2012 list. As with our 2012 analysis, our dependent variables were a users scores on the first game he or she played a game in each of the five Lumosity Brain Areas: Speed, Attention, Flexibility, Memory and Problem Solving. In order to be included in the analysis, a user must have played at least one game in each cognitive area and be between the ages of 17 and 24 at the time they played these games. Users were then mapped to universities based on either the IP address associated with their most recent login, or based on the domain of their reported email address. In the small number of cases where IP addresses and e-mail domain conflicted, we removed the user from our analysis. Once we identified an association with a particular university, we did not need to rely on the IP address or email address of the individual user. We report performance in the aggregate across users from that university. For the 2013 analysis, we had additional inclusion criteria: We only included users who list their education level as having completed high school (possibly freshmen), some college (current students), or bachelors degree (students who are about to or just recently graduated). We also included only users whose first five game plays occurred in the time period

between July 2012 to October 2013, in order to increase the probability that the game scores were generated by a current student at the university. Game scores were normalized using an inverse rank normalization for each game. We controlled for the effects of gender, linear and quadratic effects of age, and the interactions of gender and both age variables by fitting linear regression models predicting the normalized score for each game. This approach was slightly altered from last year. Last year we controlled for demographic covariates at a Brain Area level. Because the effects of age can differ across games within the same cognitive area, we decided that adjusting within each game would better correct for aging effects. Games that were played fewer than 1000 times within this sample were removed prior to calculating norms, resulting in a candidate sample of 95,708 users. The resulting partialed scores were then added together and renormalized to create our Grand Index score. We ranked institutions based on their median Grand Index score. The full list includes all institutions with at least 50 users who had complete score and demographic data. This cutoff was chosen in order to improve the reliability of our findings while still providing good coverage across a large number of schools. The cutoff resulted in a final total sample of 72,388 users (median age = 21.1 years, 49.6% female), who were affiliated with 456 distinct institutions. The top 50 schools on the Grand Index are shown below. The full list is available at the end of this document.

Top 50 Overall

2013 Rank

University

Median Grand Index 115.34 114.50 114.11 112.36 111.99 111.93 111.22 111.15 110.65 110.63 110.47 110.32 110.10 110.07 109.54

2012 Rank 6 1 39 4 17 16 46 2 5 7 36 3 122 34 44

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15

Washington University in St Louis Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton University Northwestern University Carnegie Mellon University University of Chicago Rice University Harvard University Yale University Dartmouth College Tufts University Stanford University Georgetown University University of Notre Dame University of Virginia

16 17 17 19 19 21 22 23 23 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 31 34 34 36 36 38 38 40 41 41 43 44 44 46 47 47 49 49

Duke University Bucknell University Vanderbilt University College of William and Mary Boston College Bowdoin College Johns Hopkins University Cornell University University of California-San Diego Georgia Institute of Technology Columbia University in the City of New York Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston University Wheaton College Case Western Reserve University Trinity College University of California-Berkeley University of Southern California University of Pennsylvania Brown University Washington and Lee University Colorado School of Mines Lafayette College University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of the Pacific The College of New Jersey Colgate University University of Richmond Brandeis University University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Bethel University Villanova University The University of Texas at Austin Oberlin College Lehigh University

109.36 108.83 108.79 108.44 108.43 108.34 108.19 108.14 108.10 108.07 107.99 107.68 107.48 107.36 107.18 107.11 107.10 107.09 107.04 106.99 106.70 106.67 106.50 106.48 106.42 106.33 106.31 106.25 106.14 106.13 105.98 105.93 105.91 105.85 105.84

10 37 15 11 25 40 47 52 66 58 61 19 26 -24 -14 115 12 30 -83 22 57 27 50 45 -109 59 101 35 93 33 32

Trends and additional analyses

Relationships to relevant institution-level variables Last year we showed evidence that an institutions median SAT and ACT scores were highly correlated with that institutions score on our measure, and this remains the case this year as well (r = .85 and .84, respectively). Of course, the observed correlation is at the

institution-level, not at the level of the individual students, so the correlation between an individuals SAT score and their score on our metric might very well be lower. We also found that the relationship between SAT scores and the Grand Index is highest for Problem Solving and Flexibility, where the most common games users played rely on knowledge of particular content, like arithmetic and vocabulary. In the other areas, the correlations were lower. The table below provides the correlation between the estimated median SAT composite for each institution (based on the 25th and 75th percentiles for Math and Reading sections, provided by IPEDS) and the institutions score in that Brain Area.
Brain Area Attention Flexibility Memory Problem Solving Speed Most played game Eagle Eye Word Bubbles Rising Memory Matrix Raindrops Speed Match Correlation with SAT composite .54 .81 .65 .85 .73

Relationship to other rankings Our ranking included 175 of the institutions in the U.S. News & World Report Top 200. We found a strong rank order correlation between our rankings and the U.S. News & World Report Top 200 rankings for these institutions (Spearmans = .83). Brain Area competencies We also observed some interesting differences in the rankings when we looked at the five different cognitive areas that were challenged by the Lumosity games. While all of the correlations between area scores within a school were moderate to strong (min r = .54 for Attention and Memory, max r = .80 for Problem Solving and Flexibility), the specific ordering of institutions differed by area. The top 25 schools are shown below in separate tables for each area. Attention
Rank 1 2 3 4 Institution Tufts University Trinity College University of Alabama in Huntsville Carnegie Mellon University Attention Score 108.46 107.37 106.91 106.76 2013 Rank Overall 11 31 88 5

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Washington University in St Louis Loyola University Maryland Western Washington University Stanford University Princeton University Shenandoah University Dartmouth College College of William and Mary Wheaton College Rice University Bucknell University The University of Texas at Austin The College of New Jersey University of New Haven Bowdoin College Massachusetts Institute of Technology Clark University University of New England Northeastern University University of Notre Dame University of Nebraska at Kearney

106.16 105.94 105.88 105.85 105.83 105.48 105.30 105.29 105.18 105.07 105.02 104.82 104.79 104.68 104.65 104.55 104.52 104.49 104.38 104.27 104.26

1 71 129 12 3 218 10 19 29 7 17 47 41 73 21 2 99 157 54 13 194

Speed
Rank Institution Speed score 2013 Rank Overall 10 1 2 16 3 36 27 30 11 9 80 4 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Dartmouth College Washington University in St Louis Massachusetts Institute of Technology Duke University Princeton University Colorado School of Mines Worcester Polytechnic Institute Case Western Reserve University Tufts University Yale University Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology Northwestern University University of Chicago

111.26 109.58 108.72 108.61 107.77 107.09 106.98 106.69 106.67 106.38 106.19 105.98 105.94

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Trinity College Hamilton College University of the Pacific University of Notre Dame Stanford University Clarkson University University of Pennsylvania Harvard University Tarleton State University Lafayette College Oberlin College Pepperdine University

105.71 105.60 105.59 105.57 105.52 105.46 105.35 105.31 105.25 105.20 105.18 105.13

31 151 40 13 12 80 34 8 180 38 49 151

Memory
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology University of Chicago Washington University in St Louis Colorado School of Mines Harvard University Carnegie Mellon University Rice University Worcester Polytechnic Institute University of California-San Diego Yale University Stanford University Georgetown University University of Notre Dame Northwestern University University of South Dakota Oberlin College Trinity University Lehigh University College of William and Mary The College of New Jersey University of Washington Memory score 109.25 108.84 108.28 107.77 107.68 107.28 106.99 106.89 106.37 106.34 106.31 106.08 106.05 105.85 105.82 105.58 105.34 105.28 105.09 105.05 104.98 104.94 2013 Rank Overall 2 80 6 1 36 8 5 7 27 23 9 12 13 13 4 160 49 51 49 19 41 68

23 24 25

Princeton University Duke University Gonzaga University

104.89 104.86 104.68

3 16 54

Problem-solving
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Institution Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rice University Washington University in St Louis Northwestern University Carnegie Mellon University Princeton University Stanford University Vanderbilt University University of Notre Dame Dartmouth College University of Chicago Yale University Columbia University in the City of New York University of California-Berkeley Georgetown University Duke University University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Brown University Tufts University University of California-San Diego Georgia Institute of Technology Bowdoin College University of California-Los Angeles Trinity College Boston College 109.44 109.42 109.32 109.23 109.16 109.09 108.89 108.78 34 11 23 23 21 61 31 19 110.48 109.84 109.73 109.61 31 13 16 38 Problem-solving score 116.51 115.14 114.95 113.31 113.20 112.70 112.30 111.75 111.61 111.38 111.38 110.79 110.50 2013 Rank Overall 2 7 1 4 5 3 12 17 13 10 6 9 26

Flexibility
Rank Institution Flexibility score 2013 Rank Overall

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Yale University Wesleyan University Duke University Princeton University Washington University in St Louis Vanderbilt University Harvard University Georgetown University Northwestern University Tufts University Stanford University Carnegie Mellon University Massachusetts Institute of Technology Rice University Lehigh University University of Chicago Boston College Oberlin College University of Notre Dame Bucknell University Cornell University Worcester Polytechnic Institute University of Pennsylvania Johns Hopkins University Washington and Lee University

111.33 111.17 111.16 110.58 110.20 110.02 109.88 109.81 109.76 109.36 109.15 109.13 109.09 107.95 107.56 107.31 107.30 107.22 106.88 106.86 106.69 106.57 106.42 106.42 106.25

9 56 16 3 1 17 8 13 4 11 12 5 2 7 49 6 19 49 13 17 23 27 34 22 36

Limitations One of the criticisms of last years rankings was that the Grand Index measure was not validated, unlike the SAT. Given that our metric is highly correlated with the SAT at the institution-level, we are less concerned about this. In addition, while SATs have been shown to be strongly correlated with fluid intelligence, they rely on a great deal of crystallized knowledge related to mathematics and vocabulary. As we described earlier, tasks that rely less on crystallized knowledge, such our Attention and Memory games, show less of a relationship with SAT scores. This findings suggests that these tasks may be capturing information about the cognitive abilities of these students that are less well captured by standardized tests used in the college admissions process.

Some have also expressed concern that some prominent schools such as Caltech were missing from our analysis. We have chosen to set a minimum cutoff of at least 50 users for all universities included in the survey. As a school with fewer than 1,000 undergraduates, it is not surprising that Caltech was unable to reach our threshold. For the same reason, many liberal arts colleges are not able to be included on the list. We would of course prefer to have more data from these institutions so we could include them in our rankings. In addition, the general limitations with this type of analysis that we noted last year still hold: Our approach to identifying users as university students based on their email domain, IP address and age is imperfect. Some of these users may in fact be university-age staff or graduate students. In addition, a particular university domain is not necessarily an indicator of a lasting affiliation with a university, but it was useful in allowing us to augment the number of users available for a number of schools. Some large public university systems rely on a single second-level domain name (e.g., uminn for the University of Minnesota system) for all schools in the system. In these cases, these schools have been collapsed into one, representing the flagship school, and the external data for the flagship school has been applied in our comparison to standardized test scores and U.S. News rankings We may not have complete coverage across cognitive abilities, since our data is limited to performance on the games currently included as part of the Lumosity training system. It is also possible that some abilities are over-weighted in our overall metric. We may be sampling from different segments of the student population at different universities. We controlled for demographic factors as an attempt to deal with this possibility, but there may be important variables that we cannot observe in the data available to us. At the same time, without a hypothesis about why different kinds of students are more likely to use our product at one university compared to another, we are not particularly concerned about this issue.

Complete Rankings
Rank 1 2 3 4 5 Institution Washington University in St Louis Massachusetts Institute of Technology Princeton University Northwestern University Carnegie Mellon University Median Grand Index 115.34 114.50 114.11 112.36 111.99

6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 15 16 17 17 19 19 21 22 23 23 23 26 27 28 29 30 31 31 31 34

University of Chicago Rice University Harvard University Yale University Dartmouth College Tufts University Stanford University Georgetown University University of Notre Dame University of Virginia Duke University Bucknell University Vanderbilt University College of William and Mary Boston College Bowdoin College Johns Hopkins University Cornell University University of California-San Diego Georgia Institute of Technology Columbia University in the City of New York Worcester Polytechnic Institute Boston University Wheaton College Case Western Reserve University Trinity College University of California-Berkeley University of Southern California University of Pennsylvania

111.93 111.22 111.15 110.65 110.63 110.47 110.32 110.10 110.07 109.54 109.36 108.83 108.79 108.44 108.43 108.34 108.19 108.14 108.10 108.07 107.99 107.68 107.48 107.36 107.18 107.11 107.10 107.09 107.04

34 36 36 38 38 40 41 41 43 44 44 46 47 47 49 49 51 51 51 54 54 56 57 58 58 58 61 61 61

Brown University Washington and Lee University Colorado School of Mines Lafayette College University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill University of the Pacific The College of New Jersey Colgate University University of Richmond Brandeis University University of Michigan-Ann Arbor Bethel University Villanova University The University of Texas at Austin Oberlin College Lehigh University Trinity University University of Pittsburgh Colby College Northeastern University Gonzaga University Wesleyan University California Polytechnic State University-San Luis Obispo New York University Vassar College Tulane University of Louisiana University of California-Irvine University of California-Los Angeles University of Wisconsin-Madison

106.99 106.70 106.67 106.50 106.48 106.42 106.33 106.31 106.25 106.14 106.13 105.98 105.93 105.91 105.85 105.84 105.63 105.62 105.57 105.55 105.53 105.44 105.35 105.22 105.17 105.17 105.14 105.10 105.09

61 65 65 67 68 68 68 71 71 73 73 75 75 77 78 79 80 80 80 80 80 80 86 86 88 88 88 88 92

University of Kansas University of Connecticut SUNY at Binghamton University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign SUNY College at Geneseo University of California-Santa Barbara University of Washington Loyola University Maryland University of Minnesota-Twin Cities Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University University of New Haven Bentley University Butler University University of California-Davis Baylor University Elon University Allegheny College Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology University of Central Florida Ohio Northern University Clarkson University University of Florida Rochester Institute of Technology Albion College Gettysburg College Carthage College Bryant University University of Alabama in Huntsville George Washington University

105.06 104.92 104.90 104.82 104.75 104.71 104.67 104.63 104.58 104.52 104.49 104.39 104.37 104.34 104.18 104.09 104.04 104.03 104.01 104.01 103.98 103.95 103.93 103.90 103.82 103.79 103.78 103.77 103.72

92 92 92 96 96 96 99 99 99 99 103 103 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 112 112 112 112 116 116 118 118 118 118

Southern Methodist University Missouri University of Science and Technology St Olaf College Texas A & M University-College Station North Carolina State University at Raleigh Concordia College at Moorhead Truman State University Connecticut College University of Georgia Clark University Wake Forest University Ramapo College of New Jersey Occidental College Oregon State University University of Rochester Augustana College University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire Ohio State University Wellesley College Eastern Connecticut State University Miami University-Oxford Luther College Stony Brook University University of Portland Ohio Wesleyan University University of Wisconsin-Green Bay University of Delaware Cedarville University California State University-Long Beach

103.68 103.68 103.67 103.62 103.59 103.58 103.53 103.52 103.50 103.48 103.42 103.38 103.27 103.24 103.24 103.20 103.18 103.17 103.16 103.14 103.12 103.10 103.10 103.02 102.97 102.92 102.89 102.86 102.86

122 122 122 122 122 122 122 129 129 129 129 133 133 135 135 135 138 138 140 141 141 141 141 141 146 146 146 146 146

Loyola University Chicago University of Nebraska-Lincoln Smith College Purdue University Baldwin Wallace University University at Buffalo University of Iowa Western Washington University University of San Francisco Christopher Newport University The Richard Stockton College of New Jersey Clemson University Drexel University St Mary's College of Maryland University of Miami Miami University-Hamilton University of Houston Denison University Michigan State University Bradley University University of San Diego James Madison University Fordham University Robert Morris University Lipscomb University University of Southern Indiana Calvin College Pennsylvania State University University of Massachusetts Amherst

102.85 102.84 102.84 102.82 102.81 102.77 102.75 102.68 102.67 102.66 102.66 102.64 102.58 102.53 102.49 102.46 102.39 102.37 102.31 102.22 102.21 102.19 102.16 102.16 102.12 102.11 102.09 102.06 102.05

151 151 151 151 151 151 157 157 157 160 160 160 160 160 160 166 166 168 168 170 170 170 170 174 175 175 175 178 178

University of Oklahoma Norman Campus University of Kentucky University of Denver Hamilton College Pepperdine University Franklin and Marshall College Saint Louis University University of New England Kansas State University George Mason University Messiah College Lee University University of South Dakota Drake University Michigan Technological University University of Maryland-College Park Arizona State University Auburn University Chapman University Marquette University University of Northern Iowa Texas Christian University Sewanee-The University of the South Florida State University Iowa State University New Jersey Institute of Technology Canisius College Indiana University-Bloomington University of Toledo

102.02 102.02 101.99 101.98 101.97 101.97 101.92 101.91 101.86 101.85 101.82 101.80 101.80 101.78 101.76 101.74 101.73 101.59 101.57 101.55 101.50 101.50 101.47 101.37 101.32 101.31 101.30 101.23 101.21

180 180 180 183 183 183 183 187 187 187 187 187 187 187 194 194 194 194 194 199 199 201 201 201 201 205 205 205 205

University of Arizona Winona State University Tarleton State University University of Wisconsin-La Crosse Harding University University of Dayton Rowan University Hope College College of the Holy Cross Temple University University of South Florida Valparaiso University Northwest Missouri State University University of North Dakota University of Tulsa University of Louisville Saint Norbert College Duquesne University University of Nebraska at Kearney Xavier University Syracuse University Longwood University Washington State University Rutgers University-New Brunswick University of Hawaii at Manoa Loyola Marymount University University of Illinois at Chicago University of Vermont University of Colorado Boulder

101.14 101.09 101.06 101.04 101.03 100.98 100.96 100.94 100.91 100.89 100.89 100.89 100.87 100.85 100.82 100.81 100.79 100.79 100.75 100.74 100.67 100.64 100.61 100.58 100.56 100.55 100.52 100.49 100.49

205 210 210 210 210 214 214 214 214 218 218 218 218 218 223 223 223 223 223 228 228 228 228 232 232 232 235 235 235

University of Maryland-Baltimore County Wright State University Abilene Christian University University of West Alabama University of Oregon The University of Tennessee College of Charleston John Carroll University Central Connecticut State University Berklee College of Music Boise State University University of South Carolina-Columbia Shenandoah University California State University-Fullerton University of Alabama at Birmingham North Dakota State University SUNY at Fredonia High Point University Lock Haven University Bloomsburg University of Pennsylvania University of Utah West Virginia University Florida Gulf Coast University DePaul University Hofstra University Florida Atlantic University Salisbury University Appalachian State University University of Missouri-Kansas City

100.46 100.41 100.40 100.37 100.37 100.34 100.33 100.31 100.29 100.21 100.19 100.18 100.17 100.15 100.12 100.09 100.07 100.06 100.06 100.03 100.00 99.97 99.95 99.92 99.87 99.85 99.84 99.82 99.81

238 238 238 241 242 242 242 242 242 247 248 248 248 248 248 253 253 253 256 257 257 257 257 261 261 261 261 261 261

Central Michigan University Utah State University University of Arkansas Murray State University Angelo State University Illinois State University University of North Carolina Wilmington University of California-Santa Cruz University of California-Riverside Grand Valley State University Creighton University San Diego State University University of Missouri-Columbia University of Wisconsin-Whitewater DePauw University University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point Quinnipiac University The College of Saint Scholastica University of Central Oklahoma Southeast Missouri State University Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College California State University-San Marcos University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh University of St Thomas Adrian College College of Saint Benedict Montana State University Pacific Lutheran University University of Alaska Anchorage

99.71 99.69 99.67 99.59 99.54 99.52 99.50 99.47 99.46 99.35 99.33 99.30 99.29 99.28 99.25 99.22 99.19 99.16 99.07 99.04 99.00 98.98 98.97 98.94 98.93 98.93 98.92 98.91 98.90

261 261 261 261 271 271 271 271 275 275 275 278 278 280 280 280 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 283 294 294

Youngstown State University Slippery Rock University of Pennsylvania Oklahoma State University University of Mary Washington Bard College University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Seattle Pacific University Marist College University of Akron University of Rhode Island Ithaca College Southern Illinois University Edwardsville University of Wisconsin-Platteville Providence College Oakland University Saint Joseph's University SUNY at Albany Missouri State University-Springfield Old Dominion University Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis Le Moyne College The College of Wooster Plymouth State University The University of West Florida Roger Williams University The University of Texas at Arlington Texas Tech University Ball State University Portland State University

98.89 98.88 98.86 98.85 98.81 98.81 98.77 98.76 98.69 98.68 98.66 98.64 98.61 98.53 98.50 98.48 98.45 98.44 98.44 98.42 98.41 98.41 98.41 98.40 98.40 98.39 98.38 98.35 98.27

294 297 297 297 297 297 297 297 304 304 304 304 308 308 308 308 308 308 308 315 315 315 315 315 315 321 321 321 321

American University Georgia College & State University University of Scranton University of Nebraska at Omaha Arkansas State University St. John's University-New York SUNY College at Potsdam University of Arkansas at Little Rock Susquehanna University Mississippi State University St Lawrence University York College Pennsylvania Towson University Tennessee Technological University Rider University South Dakota State University Wentworth Institute of Technology The University of Alabama University of Cincinnati Wichita State University Ohio University Catholic University of America SUNY College at Oneonta Bridgewater State University University of North Carolina at Charlotte University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth Florida Institute of Technology Western Kentucky University University of Northern Colorado

98.25 98.22 98.21 98.20 98.19 98.17 98.16 98.16 98.12 98.11 98.10 98.08 98.03 98.01 97.99 97.98 97.97 97.97 97.96 97.93 97.93 97.92 97.89 97.88 97.86 97.84 97.83 97.82 97.82

321 326 326 326 326 330 330 332 332 332 332 332 332 332 339 339 339 339 343 343 343 346 346 346 346 350 350 350 350

Worcester State University University of Massachusetts-Lowell Mount Holyoke College Kent State University at Kent Georgia State University University of North Florida California State University-Chico Virginia Commonwealth University University of California-Merced University of North Texas University of Wyoming Colorado State University-Fort Collins West Chester University of Pennsylvania Azusa Pacific University Sacred Heart University Montclair State University Liberty University Western Michigan University Biola University California State Polytechnic University-Pomona Kennesaw State University Ashland University SUNY College at Oswego Stetson University University of North Carolina at Asheville The University of Montana Westfield State University Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania University of Wisconsin-River Falls

97.81 97.74 97.71 97.69 97.67 97.64 97.59 97.53 97.51 97.50 97.49 97.48 97.45 97.45 97.45 97.43 97.40 97.37 97.32 97.31 97.30 97.24 97.24 97.23 97.21 97.14 97.13 97.10 97.07

354 354 356 356 358 358 358 361 361 361 361 361 366 366 368 368 370 370 370 370 374 374 374 374 378 378 378 378 378

Sam Houston State University Bowling Green State University Southern Adventist University Campbell University Eastern Michigan University The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga University of Maine University of Central Missouri University of New Mexico Eckerd College Louisiana Tech University Saginaw Valley State University Morehead State University Millersville University of Pennsylvania Northern Arizona University Florida International University California University of Pennsylvania Indiana University of Pennsylvania Minnesota State University-Mankato Buffalo State SUNY Marshall University Armstrong Atlantic State University SUNY College at Cortland Eastern Kentucky University East Tennessee State University William Paterson University of New Jersey University of New Hampshire Kutztown University of Pennsylvania California State University-Monterey Bay

97.04 96.97 96.93 96.88 96.83 96.79 96.76 96.74 96.71 96.71 96.69 96.67 96.57 96.55 96.52 96.46 96.44 96.43 96.40 96.39 96.34 96.32 96.31 96.31 96.23 96.22 96.20 96.18 96.16

378 384 384 384 387 387 387 387 391 391 391 394 394 396 396 396 399 400 400 400 400 404 405 405 407 407 407 407 407

Merrimack College SUNY College at Brockport University of Idaho Wayne State University Northern Kentucky University University of Memphis University of Hartford Central Washington University Grand Canyon University University of West Georgia University of Wisconsin-Stout University of New Orleans Middle Tennessee State University Coastal Carolina University Kean University SUNY College at Plattsburgh University of Southern Mississippi Southern Illinois University Carbondale California State University-Fresno Ferris State University Suffolk University Brigham Young University-Idaho Southeastern Louisiana University University of Mississippi The University of Tennessee-Martin Saint Cloud State University Keene State College University of North Carolina at Greensboro East Carolina University

96.15 96.11 96.11 96.10 96.05 95.99 95.96 95.95 95.88 95.87 95.86 95.77 95.75 95.73 95.69 95.65 95.58 95.50 95.49 95.48 95.48 95.32 95.24 95.22 95.12 95.07 95.06 95.06 95.05

412 412 412 412 412 417 417 417 417 421 421 421 424 425 425 425 425 429 430 430 430 430 430 435 436 436 438 438 440

The University of Tampa East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania Valdosta State University Pace University-New York Indiana State University New Mexico State University Texas State University-San Marcos Georgia Southern University Salem State University California State University-Northridge Radford University Clarion University of Pennsylvania Idaho State University Eastern Illinois University San Francisco State University California State University-Sacramento Columbia College-Chicago Manhattan College State University of New York at New Paltz Northeastern State University Rhode Island College Winthrop University Northern Michigan University Eastern Washington University Sonoma State University Stephen F Austin State University University of North Alabama University of Massachusetts-Boston The University of Texas at El Paso

95.04 95.02 95.00 94.98 94.96 94.95 94.90 94.88 94.86 94.83 94.81 94.78 94.67 94.63 94.63 94.58 94.57 94.51 94.45 94.44 94.44 94.42 94.38 94.29 94.21 94.16 94.07 94.06 93.99

441 442 443 444 445 446 447 447 449 450 451 452 453 454 455 456

Northern Illinois University Humboldt State University Western Illinois University Citadel Military College of South Carolina Nova Southeastern University University of Louisiana at Lafayette Indiana University-Purdue University-Fort Wayne University of Central Arkansas North Carolina A & T State University La Salle University California State University-San Bernardino Western Carolina University Fairleigh Dickinson University The University of Texas-Pan American University of North Carolina at Pembroke Jacksonville State University

93.84 93.73 93.56 93.23 92.97 92.79 92.63 92.59 92.32 92.23 92.02 91.86 91.73 91.38 89.09 87.36