Earth Sciences

http://mrsmorrittscience.weebly.com/8-earthscience-program.html +ee * Concept an& S*ill .inerals

John Curtin College of the Arts Year 8 AE Science

!"#$ E%pecte& 'ime (rame ) wee*s 'erm ! +ee*s ,-#" Science Acti-ities Aspect
http://mrsmorrittscience.wee bly.com/8-minerals-t5w*,.html SA# 6 (ocus !.) #arth materials" Minerals and rock

Assessm ent

#/!

A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic soli&0 with a &efinite chemical composition0 an& an or&ere& atomic arrangement. .any of the Earth1s mineral resources that are useful to us are foun& in or un&er the groun&.
Students should be able to *Identify what minerals and ores are and why they are important to human existence. Classify minerals using their physical properties such as, colour, streak, lustre, Mohs hardness scale clea age ! fracture, and density.

.inerals an& 'ypes of /oc*s

2gneous /oc*
2gneous roc*s are forme& when magma cools an& soli&ifies0 either below the surface as intrusi-e 3plutonic4 roc*s or on the surface as e%trusi-e 3-olcanic4 roc*s.
Students should be able to" *#xplain the formation of igneous rocks and the difference between intrusi e and extrusi e rock formation processes. *#xplain that the rate of cooling and crystallisation determines the grain si$e in an igneous rock. *Compare intrusi e %plutonic& and extrusi e % olcanic& igneous rock types by grain si$e, formation depth and mineral composition. *Identify the properties of common igneous rocks such as granite, basalt, pumice 'their e er day uses and where they occur in (ustralia.

)ractical acti ity Cool crystals

Crystals 2n-estigati on

/esources
/oc* 'ype

ictures http://geology.com/roc*s/

Se&imentary /oc*
Se&imentary roc*s are forme& by the accumulation an& consoli&ation of se&iments.
Students should be able to" *#xplain the formation of sedimentary rock including different forms of weathering and erosion that contributes to the formation of sedimentary rocks. *Identify sediments as pre*existing rocks or pieces of once*li ing organisms. *+utline how geological history can be interpreted in a se,uence of hori$ontal sedimentary layers, in which the oldest are at the base and the youngest at the top *Identify the properties of sedimentary rocks such as limestone, shale, sandstone and conglomerates their e er day uses and where they occur in (ustralia.

SA# 6 (ocus !.) #arth materials" Minerals and rock SA# - (ocus !.7 Soils

(ossils are the preser-e& e-i&ence of organisms that once li-e&.

*#xplain why most fossils are found in rock layers that were formed from sediments from the bones and shells of animals in sedimentary rock. *-escribe the conditions under which fossils form. John Curtin College of the Arts Year 8 Science 20123

SA$ 6 (ocus #., .ossils and -ating

*#xplain how many of the fossils found represent organisms which are no longer around today suggesting the en ironment!conditions ha e changed o er millions of years.

John Curtin College of the Arts Year 8 Science 20123

+ee Concept an& S*ill *

Science Aspect
SA# 6 (ocus !.) #arth materials" Minerals and rock

Assessm ent

.etamorphic /oc*s
.etamorphic roc*s are forme& from other types of roc* by the effect of heat an& pressure. .etamorphic means change&.
Students should be able to" *#xplain the formation metamorphic rocks and discuss the processes in ol ed *Identify metamorphic rocks as either non*foliated %or massi e& rocks or foliated %leaf*like layers& rocks. *Identify the properties of common metamorphic rocks such as slate and marble, their e er day uses and where they occur in (ustralia.

/oc* Cycle

'he /oc* cycle is the natural process in which roc*s transform from one roc* type to another type o-er time.
Students should be able to *-escribe the interconnected nature of the rock cycle and classify rocks as igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic. *#xplain how heating, cooling, and pressure play important roles in formation of different types of rocks. *Classify a ariety of common rocks and minerals into groups according to their obser able properties.

SA# 6 (ocus !.) #arth materials" Minerals and rock

/esources

2nteracti-e roc* cycle http://www.learner.org/interacti-es/roc*cycle/in&e%.html Crayon /oc* Cycle Acti-ity http://www.mysciencebo%.org/crayonroc*

) .ining.inerals0 8res an&

Structure of the Earth

'he Earth has &istinct layers which ha-e properties that &istinguish them.
Students should be able to" *-escribe the structure of the #arths layers %atmosphere, soils, oceans, crust, mantle and core& identifying thickness and composition. *-escribe the theory of plate techtonics '.. *#xplain the role of olcanoes as openings in the #arths surface that allows for the release of hot magma, gases and olcanic ashes.

SA# 6 (ocus !., 1he (tmosphere Making C+2 gas SA! 6 (ocus !.) Structure of the #arth SA! 6 (ocus !., (gents of change SA# 6 (ocus !.) #arth materials" Minerals and rock SA# 6 (ocus !.#" 4ise 0esource use SA$ 6 (ocus #.8 Mining Methods

.inerals0 8res an& .ining

/esources

/ist common metals such as aluminium and the ores they come from. *0e iew mining techni,ues e.g. surface, underground, dredging leaching. *-iscuss the economic and en ironmental impact of mining.

Australian minerals http://www.ga.go-.au/minerals.html .inerals an& E%ploration http://www.oresomeresources.com A +orl& of /esources Acti-ity http://www.mii.org/p&fs/worl&resources.p&f

.ining

.any of the Earth1s mineral resources that are useful to us are foun& in or un&er the groun&.
Students should be able to *Identify the stages of mineral exploration such as3 satellite imagery and aerial photography, field in estigations using seismic sur eys, rock sampling and finally drilling. *0e iew mining techni,ues e.g. surface, underground, dredging leaching. *-iscuss crude oil exploration and mining and the process of fractional distillations 9 -iscuss the economic and en ironmental impact of mining. John Curtin College of the Arts Year 8 Science 20123

En& of 'opic 'est