Chng 3:

giI php kt cu cng trnh

Da vo thit k kin trc v iu kin thi cng -a ra cc gii php kt cu hp l. Dng kt cu khung, li b tng ct thp ton khi. Vi kt cu phn khung nh- vy cng trnh vng chc c n nh cao v c kh nng chu lc phc tp. Kt cu khung cn to cho cng trnh dng p, nh nhng v thi cng tin li hn so vi cc loi kt cu khc. Kt cu khung cho php b tr mt bng tng -c linh hot. lc t-ng ch c chc nng ngn cch. Sn l sn b tng ct thp ton khi cng vi khung v li. N lm tng tnh n nh ca cng trnh, thun li cho lp t cc thit b WC v chng thm sn. Gii php kt cu ny m bo cho dm chu mmen un ng vi tnh cht ca n l chu un, cn ct th chu nn. Khung -c t theo ph-ng ngang nh. Chng -c lin kt to thnh 1 h siu tnh bc cao thng qua cc dm dc nh. Do bc siu tnh theo ph-ng ngang nh l nh hn ph-ng dc nh nn ta tnh ton khung ngang nh nh- 1 khung phng lm vic c lp ( an ton hn ). H dm dc nh c tc dng gi n nh cho khung ngang, chu lc x ngang v mt phn ti trng thng ng. H dm dc cn c tc dng tch cc khi c s ln khng u theo ph-ng dc nh.

Kch th-c dm v ct phi m bo dm khng b vng, ct khng mnh qu d mt n nh v cc nt khung b bin dng thnh khp khng cn ng vi gi thit tnh ton nt khung l nt cng. V gii php mng, i vi cng trnh cao tng ny ti trng tp trung vo nt khung v truyn xung mng l t-ng i ln. Cng trnh -c xy trn nn t khng ng nht . V vy chn gii php mng khoan nhi ph hp vi iu kin chu lc ca cng trnh. Phn tch la chn gii php kt cu 2.2.1. Ph-ng n sn : Trong cng trnh h sn c nh h-ng rt ln ti s lm vic khng gian ca kt cu. Vic la chn ph-ng n sn hp l l iu rt quan trng. Do vy, cn phi c s phn tch ng la chn ra ph-ng n ph hp vi kt cu ca cng trnh. a. Ph-ng n sn s-n ton khi : Cu to bao gm h dm v bn sn. * u im : tnh ton n gin, chiu dy sn nh nn tit kim vt liu b tng v thp do vy gim ti ng k do tnh ti sn. Hin ang -c s dng ph bin n-c ta vi cng ngh thi cng phong ph cng nhn lnh ngh, chuyn nghip nn thun tin cho vic la chn cng ngh, t chc thi cng.

* Nh-c im : chiu cao dm v vng ca bn sn ln khi v-t khu ln dn n chiu cao tng ca cng trnh ln nn gy bt li cho kt cu cng trnh khi chu ti trng ngang v khng tit kim chi ph vt liu nh-ng ti cc dm l cc t-ng (tc l dm -c du trong t-ng) phn cch tch bit cc khng gian nn vn tit kim khng gian s dng. b. Ph-ng n sn c : Cu to gm h dm vung gc vi nhau theo hai ph-ng, chia bn sn thnh cc bn k bn cnh c nhp b theo yu cu cu to khong cch gia cc dm khng qu 2m. * u im : trnh -c c qu nhiu ct bn trong nn tit kim -c khng gian s dng v c kin trc p, thch hp vi cc cng trnh yu cu tnh thm m cao v khng gian s dng ln nh- : hi tr-ng, cu lc b * Nh-c im : khng tit kim, thi cng phc tp. Mt khc khi mt bng sn qu rng cn phi b tr thm cc dm chnh. V vy, n cng khng trnh -c nhng hn ch do chiu cao dm chnh phi cao gim vng. c. Ph-ng n sn khng dm (sn nm) : Cu to gm cc bn k trc tip ln ct. * u im : chiu cao kt cu nh nn gim -c chiu cao cng trnh. Tit kim -c khng gian s dng d phn chia khng gian. Thch hp vi nhng cng trnh c khu va (6 - 8m). Kin trc p, thch hp vi cc cng trnh hin i.

* Nh-c im : tnh ton phc tp, chiu dy sn ln nn tn km vt liu, ti trng bn thn ln gy lng ph. Yu cu cng ngh v trnh thi cng tin tin, hin nay s cng trnh ti Vit Nam s dng loi ny cn hn ch, nh-ng trong t-ng lai khng xa sn khng dm kt hp vi sn ng sut tr-c s -c s dng rng ri v s em li hiu qu cao v kinh t v kt cu n-c ta. d. Ph-ng n sn lp ghp Sn lp ghp bng panen gm cc tm sn(panen) gc ln cc dm hoc t-ng .Cc dm gc ln ct hoc t-ng .khe h gia cc tm -c chn b tng -t. -u im:thi cng nhanh, chng n tt nh-c im:tnh lin khi khng cao,tm sn dy dn n chiu cao cng trnh ln,ph thuc vo sn xut v v tr thi cng. e. Kt lun : - Cn c vo : + c im kin trc v c im kt cu, ti trng ca cng trnh. + C s phn tch s b trn. + Thi gian v ti liu c hn. Em la chn ph-ng n sn s-n ton khi thit k h sn cho cng trnh. 2.2.2. H kt cu chu lc :

Cng trnh thi cng l K tc x tr-ng y t Nng gm 8 tng khng c tng hm. Nh- vy c 3 ph-ng n h kt cu chu lc hin nay hay dng c th p dng cho cng trnh : a. H kt cu vch cng v li cng : - H kt cu vch cng c th -c b tr thnh h thng mt ph-ng, hai ph-ng hoc lin kt li thnh h khng gian gi l li cng. - Loi kt cu ny c kh nng chu lc x ngang tt nn th-ng -c s dng cho cc cng trnh c chiu cao trn 20 tng. Tuy nhin, h thng vch cng trong cng trnh l s cn tr to ra khng gian rng. b. H kt cu khung ging : (khung v vch cng) - H kt cu khung - ging -c to ra bng s kt hp h thng khung v h thng vch cng. H thng vch cng th-ng -c to ra ti khu vc cu thang b, cu thang my, khu v sinh trung hoc cc t-ng bin l cc khu vc c t-ng lin tc nhiu tng. H thng khung -c b tr ti cc khu vc cn li ca ngi nh. Hai h thng khung v vch -c lin kt vi nhau qua h kt cu sn. Trong tr-ng hp ny h sn lin khi c ngha ln. Th-ng trong h kt cu ny h thng vch ng vai tr ch yu chu ti trng ngang, h khung ch yu -c thit k chu ti trng thng ng. S phn r chc nng ny to iu kin ti -u ho cc cu kin, gim bt kch th-c ct, dm, p ng -c yu cu ca kin trc.

- H kt cu khung ging t ra l kt cu ti -u cho nhiu loi cng trnh cao tng. Loi kt cu ny s dng hiu qu cho cc ngi nh n 40 tng -c thit k cho vng c ng t cp 7. c. H kt cu khung chu lc +gng dc to h khng gian,t-ng bao che : - H kt cu khung c kh nng to ra cc khng gian ln, linh hot thch hp vi cc cng trnh cng cng. H thng khung c s lm vic r rng, nh-ng li c nh-c im l km hiu qu khi chiu cao ca cng trnh ln. Trong thc t kt cu khung BTCT -c s dng cho cc -c s dng cho cc cng trnh c chiu cao s tng nh hn 20 i vi cc cp phng chng ng t 7. - Ti trng cng trnh (ti trng ng v ngang) -c dn ti theo tit din truyn v cc khung phng, coi chng chu ti c lp. Cch tnh ny ch-a phn nh ng s lm vic ca khung, li nh-ng tnh ton n gin, thin v an ton, thch hp vi cng trnh c mt bng di... Kt lun : Qua xem xt c im ca h kt cu chu lc trn p dng c im ca cng trnh, yu cu kin trc v -c s nht tr ca thy gio h-ng dn , em chn h kt cu chu lc cho cng trnh l H kt cu khung chu lc +gng dc to h khng gian,t-ng bao che: