`BOOK REVIEW (2)

NORMAL DRINKING AND DRUG-TAKING Normal drug-taking and normal drinking are behaviors which remain

within certain legal, moral and cultural restraints, do not unduly interfere with the persons psychological or social integrity, and which do not cause him any physical harm. Normal can be used to mean normal, in a statistical sense, an ideal sense; a qualitative or quantitative, continuous or discontinuous variation from abnormal.
NORMAL DRINKING

In British households may actually underestimate the amount spent on drink, and the combined amount spent on alcohol and tobacco exceeds the amount spent on clothing. The Ansvar Insurance Company has carried out a survey of drinking habits on a nationally representative sample. They found that only 7 per cent of the population had never consumed alcohol. They found that beer was the commonest drink for men, particularly for frequent drinkers, while wine was the commonest drink of women and those who only drink occasionally. Drinking behaviors are known to vary with age, marital status and class differences. The number of frequent drinkers is higher in young, single men and decrease with social class. Frequency of drinking is important, but frequency patterns can conceal the total amount drunk. Developmental aspects of normal drinking Alcohol consumption is an important facet of life, and most children encounter it from a very early age. For the majority, drinking is begins in adolescence, but there is no doubt now that the majority of children experience

drinking personally in the early years of primary school. Important factors to drink the child (i) If a child perceives his father and other adult males to enjoy drinking, more likely he is to intend to drink. (ii) If he can recognize alcohol by smell, or has tasted it, the more likely he is to intend to drink. (iii) If he perceives his mother enjoying alcohol, the more likely he is to intend to drink. (iv) If he has experienced his fathers drunkenness the less likely he is to intend to drink Parental influences may be important because most boys and girls report that their parents were the first to introduce them to alcohol in the home situation. Young people as they grow older have more money to spend on alcohol. Drinking is a group activity, and drinkers give their main reason for drinking as the intention to be friendly and sociable. NORMAL DRUG-TAKING If youthful drinking mirrors parental drinking, then it is reasonable to postulate that illicit drug-taking in adolescents reflects the drug-taking habits of parents. It will also affect so many health problems. The broader issue of the effect of drug-taking on society concerns the widely-discussed aspect of the stress of modern living and our increasing intolerance of suffering from such stress. Models and Theories (i) Genetic predisposition model: - Inclination to that substance is

genetically in birth.

(ii)

Behavioural learning: - Behavior is the care issue. It also affected social

environment. It develops over a period of time. (iii) Cognitive model: - Development of thought process. Whenever that is

failure they started alcohol. (iv) (v) Psycho-analytic model: - In this oral gratification is important. Parental influence mode: - In this parents are very important. The parents

are drink the children are likely to drink. (vi) Psycho-social model:- Which manipulate social and psychological

factors in the environment.