Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems

Chapter 00 Preface

Dept. of Electronic Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Fall 2007

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Goal, Grading and Textbook

Equip students with basic VLSI design capability

Design and analyze digital VLSI chips using CMOS technology Understand design issues at the layout, transistor, logic and registertransfer levels

An Overview of Full Custom IC Design Flow, Cell-based IC Design Flow, and FPGA Design Flow SPICE Simulation and Physical Layout Full Custom IC Design using Cadence, Hspice Simulation, and Calibre Verification

Grading

Homework & Project: 30% Midterm exam: 35% Final exam: 35%

Textbook

John P. Uyemura, Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (), ISBN 0-471-12704-3
Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Course Outline

Chapter 01: An Overview of VLSI Chapter 02: Logic Design with MOSFETs Chapter 03: Physical Structure of CMOS Integrated Circuits Chapter 04: Fabrication of CMOS Integrated Circuits (surpass) Chapter 05: Elements of Physical Design Chapter 06: Electrical Characteristics of MOSFETs Chapter 07: Electrical Analysis of CMOS Logic Gates Chapter 08: Designing High-Speed CMOS Logic Networks Chapter 09: Advanced Techniques in CMOS Logic Circuits Chapter 10: System Specifications Using Verilog HDL Chapter 11: General VLSI System Components (surpass) Chapter 12: Arithmetic Circuits in CMOS VLSI Chapter 13: Memories and Programmable Logic Chapter 14: System-Level Physical Design (surpass) Chapter 15: VLSI Clocking and System Design
Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

The Integrated Circuit

1959: Jack Kilby, working at TI, invented a monolithic integrated circuit

Components connected by hand-soldered wiresand isolated by shaping, PN-diodes used as resistors (U.S. Patent 3,138,743)

Figure 0.1 Diagram from patent application

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Integrated Circuits

1961: TI and Fairchild introduce the first logic ICs ($50 in quantity) 1962: RCA develops the first MOS transistor

Figure 0.2 Fairchild bipolar RTL Flip-Flop

Figure 0.3 RCA 16-transistor MOSFET IC

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Computer-Aided Design

1967: Fairchild develops the Micromosaic IC using CAD

Final Al layer of interconnect could be customized for different applications

1968: Noyce, Moore leave Fairchild, start Intel

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

RAMs

1970: Fairchild introduces 256-bit Static RAMs 1970: Intel starts selling1K-bit Dynamic RAMs

Figure 0.4 Fairchild 4100 256-bit SRAM

Figure 0.5 Intel 1103 1K-bit DRAM

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

The Microprocessor

1971: Intel introduces the 4004

General purpose programmable computer instead of custom chip for Japanese calculator company

Figure 0.6 Intel 4004 Microprocessor

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Type of IC Designs

IC Designs can be Analog or Digital CMOS design methods

Microprocessor/DSP Programmable Logic

Fast prototyping with FPGA or CPLD chips

Gate Array and Sea of Gates Design Cell-based Design

Designs synthesized automatically from a high-level language description Every transistor designed and laid out by hand System on a chip

Full-custom Design

Platform-based Design

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

ASIC Design Flow

Cell Based Design Flow

Advanced VLSI Research Center

ASIC
Full-Custom Cell-Based FPGA
System-Level Design & Sim

Specification
SPW BONeS
Behavior Synthesis

Matlab

Visual Architect MathWork RTW

Full Custom Design Flow

Circuit-Level Design

RTL-Level Sim

Verilog-XL

Synopsys VCS

Composer
Pre-Layout Circuit-Sim
Spice Model

RTL Synthesis
Cell Library

Ambit Design-Compiler Synopsys VCS Verilog-XL Apollo/Hercules Silicon Ensemble Ultra / Dracula

Hspice
Gate-Level Sim

SBTSPICE
Physical Layout

Cell Library Model

Virtuoso
Physical Verification & RC Extraction

Physical Verification

Dracula
RC Extraction

Star-RC

Dracula

Post-Layout Sim
Spice Model & RC

Hspice
Post-Layout Sim

SBTSPICE

TimeMill

Star-time

Star-sim

Tape Out

Tape Out

System-on-Chip

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Systematic Design Flow

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

MOS Technology Trends

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007

Silicon in 2010
Density Access Time (ns) 10 10 1.5

Die Area: 2.5 x 2.5 cm Voltage: 0.6 V Technology: 0.07 m

(Gbits/cm2) DRAM DRAM (Logic) SRAM (Cache) 8.5 2.5 0.3

Density (Mgates/cm2) Custom Std. Cell Gate Array Single-Mask GA FPGA 25 10 5 2.5 0.4

Max. Ave. Power (W/cm2) 54 27 18 12.5 4.5

Clock Rate (GHz) 3 1.5 1 0.7 0.25

Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, NCUT 2007