EPCglobal - RFID Implementation Cookbook

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RFID Implementation
Cookbook
2nd Release - Sept. 2006
Chapter 1
The EPCglobal RFID Implementation Cook Book is targeted

Chapter 2
towards readers who already know about RFID and intend to
Chapter 3 get involved in using the technology. The Cook Book includes
information from EPCglobal working groups, of which many
Chapter 4 members are early RFID adopters.
Chapter 5 The objective of the Cook Book is to provide companies with

practical and timely information needed as they prepare for
IP Policy
RFID pilot and implementation projects by taking advantage of
the learning already captured by the EPCglobal member
community.
The Cook Book includes a table of contents with summaries

that provide an overview of the information contained in each
section. The full details can be accessed through links to
additional documents. Many of the documents are accessible
by anyone ( ); some of the documents are only accessible by
EPCglobal subscribers ( ). For more information on becoming
an EPCglobal subscriber, please contact the EPCglobal agent in
the country your company is headquartered (GS1 Member
Organisations).
Disclaimer:
EPCglobal Inc. (EPCglobal) is providing this "Implementation

Cookbook" as a service to interested industries. This
"Implementation Cookbook" was developed through a
consensus process of interested parties.
Although efforts have been made to ensure that the

"Implementation Cookbook" is correct, reliable, and technically
accurate, EPCglobal makes NO WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, THAT THIS "IMPLEMENTATION COOKBOOK" IS
CORRECT, WILL NOT REQUIRE MODIFICATION AS
http://www.epcglobalinc.org/what/cookbook 11/21/2006
EXPERIENCE AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES DICTATE, OR
WILL BE SUITABLE FOR ANY PURPOSE OR WORKABLE IN ANY
APPLICATION, OR OTHERWISE. Use of the "Implementation
Cookbook" is with the understanding that EPCglobal has no
liability for any claim to the contrary, or for any damage or
loss of any kind or nature.
1. GETTING STARTED
1.1. RFID/ EPC Essentials
1.2. RFID/ EPC Implementation Guidelines
1.3. Working with EPCglobal
1.4. Public Policy Overview
1.5. Importance of Data Synchronization
2. TOOLS
2.1. Standards
2.2. Cost Tutorial
2.3. EPCglobal Network Architecture
2.4. Gen2 Information
2.5. EPCglobal Compliance Certification
2.6. Pilot and Implementation Planning Tools
2.7. Data Exchange Pilot Learnings
2.8. Peloton
2.9. Implementing RFID in Europe – an

Overview of European UHF RFID Standards and
Regulations
3. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
3.1. Key Performance Indicators
3.2. KPI Scorecard Development for EPC Pilots
3.3. Questions to consider in Developing a EPC

Business Case
3.4. Baseline Measures with EPC
3.5. Validation of EPC Results
4. PRACTICE BRIEFINGS
4.1. Readers and Infrastructure
4.1.1. Reader Configuration
4.1.2. Reader Interference
4.2. Applications, Systems and Processes

4.2.1. Deploying RFID with varying levels of
Back-end Systems
4.2.2. Compensation for less than 100% case
read rate on pallets
4.2.3. Scaling From Pilot to Implementation
4.2.4. The Role of EPC/RFID Middleware
4.2.5. Managing RFID Tag Failure By Exceptions

Handling
4.2.6. Benefits and Issues of Gen2 Migration
5. REFERENCE MATERIAL
5.1. Glossary
5.2. FAQ's
5.3. Key Learnings
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Community 1. GETTING STARTED

● Action Groups 1.1. RFID/ EPC Essentials
● RFID Implementation
Cookbook The concept of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Electronic Product Codes (EPC)
is fairly simple.
❍ Chapter 1
RFID has been around for more than sixty (60) years when it was first introduced during
❍ Chapter 2 WW II by the allied forces who needed to identify "friend or foe" aircraft by sending
Radio Frequency "squawks." Now, we use Radio Frequency every day, on toll roads,
Chapter 3
using speed passes at the gas pumps and access passes in secure areas at work and in
❍
❍ Chapter 4 countless other ways.
❍ Chapter 5 EPC, on the other hand, is only six (6) years old and was developed at MIT Auto ID
Labs. The "buzz" in the marketplace is the concept of storing product identification on
● IP Policy chips no larger than a grain of sand, then placing these chips on tags, which in turn are
placed on objects so they can be uniquely identified. The applications and possibilities
for EPC/RFID are endless as these objects in motion are traced throughout the supply
chain.
RFID/EPC Essentials will highlight concepts, components, and applications to enable

technical knowledge for beginning the road to implementation. Yes, it's a simple concept
with technical ramifications but it's driven by business and process re-engineering
possibilities which require commitment, resources and time to reap the many benefits
associated with adoption.
RFID & EPC Essentials
1.2. RFID/ EPC Implementation Guidelines
http://www.epcglobalinc.org/what/cookbook/chapter1/ (1 of 3)11/21/2006 9:24:16 AM

EPCglobal Chapter 1
The RFID/ EPC Implementation Guidelines provide an overview of key actions and
executable milestones recommended by EPC/RFID early adopters based on their real-
world experiences. Related actions are grouped into categories and chronological phases
for easy reference.
Based on the business drivers at hand, an individual company may choose to adopt all
or a selective list of actions to create their customized roadmap. It is important to note
that separate roadmaps may be required for compliance versus business transformation
types of RFID initiatives. Iterative steps in the roadmap may be necessary to get the job
done.
EPC Implementation Guidelines
1.3. Working with EPCglobal

By subscribing to EPCglobal, your company has joined a dynamic, global community
dedicated to developing global standards for the use of Electronic Product Code(tm)
(EPC) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology within the supply chain and
promoting rapid and efficient implementation of the EPCglobal Network(tm).
Employing EPCglobal Standards and EPC/RFID technology via the EPCglobal Network will
provide your company with increased accuracy and visibility at all points in your supply
chain.
To get the most from being an EPCglobal Community member, take advantage of all
EPCglobal has to offer:
● EPCglobal Action Groups

● Support tools and services
● Training and educational programs
EPCglobal is committed to providing you with the information, tools and support services
to increase the efficiency of your supply chain through the rapid and efficient
implementation of EPC and RFID technology.
Working with EPCglobal Action Groups
Working with EPCglobal Simple Standards Development Process
1.4. Public Policy Overview

It's been stated that "RFID has the potential to jeopardize consumer privacy, eliminate
anonymity and threaten civil liberties. It uses technology to invade privacy, and these
new instruments will surely doom civilization."
These statements from consumers and consumer advocates are certainly thought-
provoking and designed to raise questions regarding RFID. They are good questions, and
they deserve honest answers. That's why EPCglobal states "Privacy is as important as
anything else we are doing!" Our commitment is to understand and address the complex
questions that surround consumer privacy.
The EPCglobal mission regarding Public Policy and Privacy is to manage critical issues,
displace negative misinformation with a positive perception of EPC technology and to
ensure that EPC technology is deployed responsibly without undue public, legislative or
regulatory delays.

EPCglobal Chapter 1
In this section of the Cookbook, you will learn how EPCglobal addresses these and other
issues surrounding Public Policy and Privacy.
Public Policy
1.5. Importance of Data Synchronization

Companies require detailed information about their products and supply chain, and the
ability to share that information with their trading partners in order to facilitate
commercial transactions and the movement of goods and services. In order to serve
various needs for information, two distinct information networks have been developed:
the Global Data Synchronization Network (GDSN) and the EPCglobal Network(tm). The
GDSN ensures the quality of static information about commercial entities and product/
service groups among partners for collaborative trading. The EPCglobal Network(tm)
provides access to dynamic information about the movement of individual items as they
pass through the supply chain. The EPCglobal Network and the GDSN each provide
significant benefits in their own right. Moreover, for companies striving to achieve a fully
collaborative business model, the combination of the EPCglobal Network(tm) and the
GDSN can provide a comprehensive, integrated approach to electronic collaboration and,
as a result, can be complementary in the effort to optimize global trading relationships.
GDSN/EPCglobal Building the Bridge
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2. TOOLS
● Action Groups
2.1. Standards
Cookbook
Standards and specifications provide the common definitions, functionality and language
❍ Chapter 1 for the hardware and software components of the EPCglobal Network. They help
advance the EPCglobal community toward a common objective, namely, implementing
❍ Chapter 2 the EPCglobal Network(tm) to improve visibility and efficiency in today's global, multi-
industry supply chain. EPCglobal Specifications result from the work that began under
Chapter 3
the auspices of the Auto-ID Center at MIT and form the foundation for the EPC/RFID
❍
❍ Chapter 4 technology that the EPCglobal community has begun implementing worldwide.
❍ Chapter 5 Specifications & Ratified Standards

● IP Policy
2.2. Cost Tutorial

The Cost Tutorial is an Excel workbook format, this easy-to-use reference tool contains
an exhaustive list of RFID implementation-related costing items that companies need to
consider as they budget or estimate the cost of an EPC/RFID pilot or implementation
project. Cost numbers are designed to be filled in by individual companies as they obtain
negotiated contract pricing from their strategic technology suppliers. Cost items, phase
structure and timeline presented in the tool can be modified easily to suit the specific
needs of an organization.
Cost Tutorial
2.3. EPCglobal Network Architecture

EPCglobal Chapter 2
The EPCglobal Network Architecture enumerates, at a high level, each of the hardware,
software and data standards that are part of the EPCglobal Architecture Framework,
showing how the different components fit together to form a cohesive whole. In
addition, it defines the high-level architecture of the core services operated by EPCglobal
and its delegates. One of the document's goals is to provide architectural guidance to
technology vendors (and end users) implementing EPCglobal standards and to end users
deploying systems conforming to EPCglobal standards and utilizing EPCglobal Core
Services.
EPCglobal Network Architecture Documents
2.4. Gen2 Information

UHF Generation 2 Air Interface Protocol was ratified as an EPCglobal Standard in
December 2004. Some of the requirements for this standard were:
● Convergence to One Global, Interoperable Standard

❍ Simple purchase decisions for implementers
❍ Focused equipment manufacturing efforts
● Increased Speed and Ease of Global Adoption
❍ Enhanced compatibility with regional RFID regulations
❍ On-the-fly adaptive techniques for readers
● Increased Functionality and Performance
❍ Defined by cross-industry requirements of the market
❍ Better read and write rate performance
● Increased Production and Competition
❍ Increased inventory available for implementations
❍ Reduced costs for tags and readers.
The Gen2 Features document will identify what features were designed to meet the
requirements above and an overview of how those features work, in addition to several
frequently asked questions about the interoperability of Gen2 with an implemented
environment.
The Gen2 standards have been accepted by ISO.
Gen2 Information
2.5. EPCglobal Compliance Certification

Certification is a "procedure by which a [neutral] third party gives written assurance that
a product, process or service conforms to specified requirements." (ISO) EPCglobal
Certification Tests include:
● Conformance measures a device's compliance to a given standard with RF testing

(the air interface portion of the tags and readers) and with protocol testing (the
logic or protocol portion of the tags and readers)
● Interoperability measures a device's ability to operate with other devices
● Performance measures a device's (applied tag) performance under real world
conditions within specified environments as static (testing tag applied to an object)
and as dynamic (testing tags applied to an object in motion) tests.
The EPCglobal Hardware Certification program occurred as interoperability testing with

Generation 1 Hardware and was conducted first in August of 2004 and again in February
of 2005.

EPCglobal Chapter 2
The EPCglobal Hardware Certification program for compliance will take place in August
2005 with compliance to the Gen2 standard.
February 2005 Hardware Interoperability Testing Results
2.6. Pilot and Implementation Planning Tools

This 5 Phase Adoption Model tool provides a structure method for optimal
implementation of EPC. There are 4 key focus areas (Knowledge, Business case,
Analysis, and Partner Actions) in each phase of the 5 phase model. As you move into the
higher level phases the level of engagement in all aspects of the focus areas increase. At
the conclusion of the final phase a integrated plan is created that leverages EPC uniquely
for your business.
Pilot and Implementation Planning Tools
2.7. Data Exchange Pilot Learnings

This paper focuses on documenting learnings from a RFID data exchange pilot in the fast
moving consumer goods industry. The pilot we studied is a collaborative effort between
two of the largest retailers in the world and five of their major suppliers facilitated by
EPCglobal and the MIT Auto-ID labs. Currently manufacturers and suppliers are building
the infrastructure to exchange EPC data to validate standards and proof of concepts for
RFID adoption. The outcome of these pilots will essentially set the stage for large scale
RFID adoption worldwide. This paper attempts to document issues relating to data
exchange from business process, organizational and technical perspectives. We have
synthesized the findings and consolidated lessons from the pilot experience in an
attempt to share these learnings with new practitioners looking to start RFID projects.
Data Exchange Pilot Learnings
2.8. Peloton
The EPC Peloton Planning Tool was developed out of a need to collaborate and form
consensus around the events and milestones that are critical for the widespread
adoption of EPC for an industry. Through an iterative and collaborative process, a
Peloton can align an industry on critical events which need to occur in order to capture
certain business benefits from the adoption of EPC technology. The Peloton provides a
methodology to capture and display this collaborative industry view.
Simple Guide to Using Peloton
2.9. Implementing RFID in Europe – an Overview of

European UHF RFID Standards and Regulations
UHF RFID implementations in Europe must comply with the EU and national radio
regulations and standards. This section, together with the linked documents, provides an
introduction to the various regulations and standards and how they impact the
implementation of UHF RFID in Europe.
Overview of European UHF RFID Standards and Regulations

EPCglobal Chapter 2

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3. MEASURING PERFORMANCE
● Action Groups
3.1. Key Performance Indicators
Cookbook
Key Performance Indicators (KPI's) are critical measures that provide for the ability to
❍ Chapter 1 accurately measure the effectiveness of operational business processes such as Supply-
Chain processes. A key element of a KPI is a Scorecard. By determining specific metrics
❍ Chapter 2 that make up a KPI, one can measure the current operational efficacy of a business
process. Defining many Key Performance Indicators and organizing them into a
Chapter 3
Scorecard can help an enterprise measure its overall effectiveness against specific,
❍
❍ Chapter 4 strategic business goals. Following the implementation of a new technology (such as
RFID) and/or a re-engineering of a process enables the enterprise to observe the change
❍ Chapter 5 in any given KPI to determine the operational impact (positive or negative) of change in
the organization.
● IP Policy
KPI Introduction
Key Performance Indicators
3.2. KPI Scorecard Development for EPC Pilots

It is critical to have a Scorecard developed before you begin a pilot. There are two
distinct parts to the scorecard. The first focuses on ensuring the technology is capable of
delivering reliable data and information. This then becomes the foundation for the
second element which focuses on business results (KPI's). The critical enabler to
demonstrating business value with EPC technology is to understand the current/actual
work processes of the system being impacted and then to use the technology/data to
develop specific EPC enabled work process changes that deliver improved business
benefits. A key element for both parts of the Scorecard is the focus on baseline data and

EPCglobal Chapter 3
then comparing that to actual data after EPC is implemented. The Scorecard will
continue to evolve and become more granular as it is being used for a specific
application.
KPI Scorecard Development for EPC Pilots
3.3. Questions to consider in Developing a EPC Business

Case
Before engaging in EPC it is critical to ask the organization key questions on where the
benefit and value of using the technology will come from. It’s a simple quick list of
questions to answer that will guide you on business case development.
Questions to consider in Developing a EPC Business Case
3.4. Baseline Measures with EPC

As the business case for EPC is developed it is important to develop baseline data to
compare results before and after EPC implementation. This tool provides a method to
ensure that prior to implementation the data is collected and then later available to
compare results (specific example shown relative to inventory).
Baseline Measures with EPC
3.5. Validation of EPC Results

To distinguish the unique value of EPC it is important to be able to determine what
results are directly linked to EPC. This tool helps develop a process to clarify the process
changes/results which are enabled due to EPC.
Validation of EPC Results

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4. PRACTICE BRIEFINGS
● Action Groups
4.1. Readers and Infrastructure
Cookbook
This is a collection of documents about RFID readers and the connected infrastructure,
❍ Chapter 1 like networks or basic software/middleware layers. This area ranges from site surveys to
technical, difficult, multi-protocol environments.
❍ Chapter 2
❍ Chapter 3 4.1.1. Reader Configuration

❍ Chapter 4
This paper is focused on the tunable configuration parameters of RFID readers and
❍ Chapter 5 antennas. Many of the problems associated with RFID system performance can be tuned
out of the system. Reader and antenna configuration parameters play an important role
● IP Policy in optimizing RFID system performance.
Reader Configuration
4.1.2. Reader Interference
This paper is geared for end-users of RFID with little-to-no RF expertise. Using general
terms, it seeks to address two of the more complex issues surrounding practical RFID
implementations, reader crosstalk and interference. Crosstalk can typically be controlled
by understanding the tunable parameters of each reader on the market by selecting
appropriate antennas, making adjustments to the physical infrastructure or by adding
electronic systems that activate the reader when necessary and disabling it in the
meantime. Interference among readers is unlikely but does not eliminate the need to
understand the environment from an RF design perspective.
Reader Interference

EPCglobal Chapter 4
4.2. Applications, Systems and Processes

These documents deal with whole systems and the applications and processes in the
field of RFID.
4.2.1. Deploying RFID with varying levels of Back-end Systems
This document discusses how CPG manufacturers, retailers and other companies can get
started with RFID with varying levels of systems integration. It especially focuses on the
issues faced by companies who are using RFID in their supply chain to effectively and
accurately track movement of cases and pallets of product. As companies begin to tag a
larger percentage of their cases and pallets, they will move through different
implementation phases and levels of integration. This document describes some of those
options along with the pitfalls and the benefits associated with each approach.
Deploying RFID with varying levels of Back-end Systems
4.2.2. Compensation for less than 100% case read rate on pallets
RFID technology cannot deliver 100% guaranteed read rates. To compensate for less
than 100% EPC case tag reads at the pallet level, one will need to implement processes
that will ensure 100% EPC tag data capture. Key points discussed to bridge the gap
between the technology capabilities and the requirement for 100% data capture include
developing process-based solutions, such as maintaining case to pallet associations and
granting trust (EPC Trust Zone) between your Supply Chain partners.
Compensation for less than 100% case read rate on pallets
4.2.3. Scaling From Pilot to Implementation
This paper addresses relevant Hardware and Software considerations that companies will
have take into account when attempting to scale from a small RFID pilot to a full-blown
RFID deployment.
With respect to hardware, emphasis is given to the tag value chain and key
considerations for printers/encoders.
With respect to Software, emphasis is placed on considerations that will drive the ability
to seamlessly and scalably integrate the real-time data flowing from RFID readers and
other compute infrastructure with traditional enterprise systems such as Warehouse
Management Systems and Enterprise Resource Planning Systems.
Scaling From Pilot to Implementation
4.2.4. The Role of EPC/RFID Middleware
Electronic Product Code/Radio Frequency Identification (EPC/RFID) middleware refers to

a wide range of functionality. Its primary functions are:
● Integrate a number of RFID readers with business applications.

● Handle a large number of EPC tag reads by consolidating the EPC tag data using
filtering.
It is equally important that RFID middleware addresses the operational aspects and non-

EPCglobal Chapter 4
functional requirements.
The Role of EPC/RFID Middleware
4.2.5. Managing RFID Tag Failure By Exceptions Handling
"Exceptions handling" refers to the process that addresses how to deal with those
situations when RFID enabled cases or pallets cannot be read. Exception handling
processes and guidelines are needed. Key questions and examples are given in this
document.
Managing RFID Tag Failure By Exceptions Handling
4.2.6. Benefits and Issues of Gen2 Migration
This practice brief discusses some of the issues and benefits that have been experienced
from migrating from Gen1 to Gen2 technology infrastructure. A major part of the
discussion will be around the issues that exist due to the increased number of
technology players with Gen2 offerings. Also, included will be a description of some of
the major benefits that exists from using Gen2 technology over similar solutions with
Gen1 technology.
Benefits and Issues of Gen2 Migration

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5. REFERENCE MATERIAL
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5.1. Glossary
Cookbook
Understanding and consistent use of terminology in an evolving technology can often be
❍ Chapter 1 the root of a solid path to adoption and implementation. This glossary contains terms,
acronyms and definitions used and defined by the EPCglobal community.
❍ Chapter 2
❍ Chapter 3 Glossary
❍ Chapter 4
❍ Chapter 5
5.2. FAQ's
● IP Policy Frequently asked questions about RFID/EPC technology and its benefits, as well as the
role of EPCglobal.
Frequently Asked Questions
5.3. Key Learnings

A summary of key learnings presented by members in the EPCglobal Fast Moving
Consumer Goods (FMCG) Business Action Group (BAG) Pilot and Implementation
working group. It contains common practices, as well as a short list of high-priority,
implementation-related issues. The key learnings in the summary are organized in the
following categories: Contributors, Strategy/Vision/Objectives, Overall pilot approach,
Organizational design, Business process design/management, Technology, and High
priority Implementation issues.
Key Learning presentations given by individual EPCglobal Subscriber companies are

EPCglobal Chapter 5
available to EPCglobal subscribers only.
Key Learnings Summary
Key Learnings

EPCglobal IP Policy
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Community EPCglobal Intellectual Property Policy

● Action Groups As a user-driven organization, EPCglobal works with retailers, manufacturers, and
hardware, software, and integration solutions providers to create and share intellectual
● RFID Implementation property that will benefit the entire subscriber base.
Cookbook
EPCglobal is committed to open use of the EPCglobal Network and has adopted policies
IP Policy
that encourage such use while protecting network integrity. The EPCglobal Intellectual
●
Property (IP) Policy ensures that all companies subscribing to the organization have
open, neutral access to EPCglobal Network technology and standards. The agreement
guarantees that the technology remains non-proprietary for the benefit of industry as a
whole.
Companies with a desire to participate in any Action Group or Working Groups are
required to sign the appropriate EPCglobal Intellectual Property (IP) Policy and forward it
to your EPCglobal Affiliate. For more information on how to participate in an Action or
Working Group, contact your EPCglobal Affiliate.
Read the EPCglobal IP Policy.
EPCglobal IP Policy Questions & Answers
http://www.epcglobalinc.org/what/ip_policy/11/21/2006 9:27:05 AM
EPCglobal Specifications
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Standards Specifications
● Standards Development The following are links to specifications resulting from Auto-ID Center efforts. For
Process EPCglobal standards, which are the product of Action and Working Groups and have
been ratified by the board, click here.
● Specifications
900 MHz Class 0 Radio Frequency (RF) Identification Tag Specification communications
interface and protocol, RF, and tag requirements, operational algorithms for 900MHz
communications.
13.56 MHz ISM Band Class 1 Radio Frequency (RF) Identification Tag Interface
Specification defines communications interface and protocol, RF, and tag requirements.
860MHz -- 930 MHz Class 1 Radio Frequency (RF) Identification Tag Radio Frequency &
Logical Communication Interface Specification defines communications interface and
protocol, RF, and tag requirements.
Conformance Requirements Specification v. 1.0.2 for Class-1 Generation2 UHF RFID

addresses compliance for physical interactions (the signaling layer of the
communications), operating procedures, and commands; between interrogators and
tags for 860 MHz – 960 MHz communications.
http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards/specs/11/21/2006 9:31:37 AM
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Standards Standards
Standards Development
●
Process
Architectural Framework Document
This document defines and describes the EPCglobal Architecture Framework. The
● Standards EPCglobal Architecture Framework is a collection of interrelated standards for hardware,
software, and data interfaces, together with core services that are operated by
● Specifications EPCglobal and its delegates, all in service of a common goal of enhancing the supply
chain through the use of Electronic Product Codes (EPCs). This document has several
aims:
● To enumerate, at a high level, each of the hardware, software, and data standards
that are part of the EPCglobal Architecture Framework and show how they are
related.
● To define the top level architecture of core services that are operated by EPCglobal
and its delegates.
● To explain the underlying principles that have guided the design of individual
standards and core service components within the EPCglobal
Architecture Framework.
● To provide architectural guidance to end users and technology vendors seeking to
implement EPCglobal standards and to use EPCglobal core services.
This document exists only to describe the overall architecture, showing how the
different components fit together to form a cohesive whole. It is the responsibility of
other documents to provide the technical detail required to implement any part of
the EPCglobal Architecture Framework.
EPC Tag Data Standard

This document defines standardized EPC tag data, including how it is encoded on the tag
and how it is encoded for use in the information systems layers of the EPC Systems
Network. This version only applied to tag types in common use at the time of
http://www.epcglobalinc.org/standards/ (1 of 3)11/21/2006 9:29:01 AM

publication and does not provide specific guidance on Gen 2 tags. Includes specific
encoding schemes for:
● GTIN: the EAN.UCC Global Trade Item Number, (here, a serialized version)
● SSCC: the EAN.UCC Serial Shipping Container Code
● GLN: the EAN.UCC Global Location Number
● GRAI: the EAN.UCC Global Returnable Asset Identifier
● GIAI: the EAN.UCC Global Individual Asset Identifier
● GID: General Identifier
For revision 1.27, click here.
This latest revision adds the DoD construct header and the hexadecimal expression for
raw URI representation. For the full text of the standard click here.
EPC Tag Data Translation Standard

This EPC Tag Data Translation (TDT) specification is concerned with a machine-readable
version of the EPC Tag Data Standards specification. The machine-readable version can
be readily used for validating EPC formats as well as translating between the different
levels of representation in a consistent way. This specification describes how to interpret
the machine-readable version. It contains details of the structure and elements of the
machine-readable markup files and provides guidance on how it might be used in
automatic translation or validation software, whether standalone or embedded in other
systems.
Version 1.0 of the TDT specification is fully compatible with TDS Version 1.1 Rev. 1.27.
For the full text of the standard, click here
Class 1 Generation 2 UHF Air Interface Protocol

Standard Version 1.0.9: "Gen 2"
Commonly known as the "Gen 2" standard, this standard defines the physical and logical
requirements for a passive-backscatter, Interrogator-talks-first (ITF), radio-frequency
identification (RFID) system operating in the 860 MHz - 960 MHz frequency range. The
system comprises Interrogators (also known as Readers), and Tags (also known as
Labels).
For the full text of the standard, click here.
Reader Protocol (RP) Standard, Version 1.1

Reader Protocol is an interface standard that specifies the interactions between a device
capable of reading/writing tags and application software.
Application Level Events (ALE) Standard, Version 1.0

This EPCglobal Board-ratified standard specifies an interface through which clients may
obtain filtered, consolidated Electronic Product Code™ (EPC) data from a variety of
sources.
Object Naming Service (ONS) Standard, Version 1.0

This document specifies how the Domain Name System is used to locate authoritative
metadata and services associated with the SGTIN portion of a given Electronic Product

Code™ (EPC). Its target audience is developers that will be implementing Object Naming
Service (ONS) resolution systems for applications.
EPCglobal Certificate Profile Standard

To ensure broad interoperability and rapid deployment while ensuring secure usage, this
document defines a profile of X.509 certificate issuance and usage by entities in the
EPCglobal network. The profiles defined in this document are based upon two Internet
standards, defined in the Internet Engineering Task Force's (IETF's) Public Key
Infrastructure (PKIX) Working Group, that have been well implemented, deployed and
tested in many existing environments.

EPCglobal Standards Development Process
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Home > Standards > Standards Development Process
Standards Standards Development Process Specification

● Standards Development
Process Version 1.2
March 8, 2006
● Specifications
The EPCglobal Standards Development Process is a user driven standards process for
the development of technical standards. Although many elements will be very familiar,
this standards organization and process is a necessary hybrid and will not look exactly
like any other standards organization.
EPCglobal is chartered with developing and driving the adoption of technical standards
pertaining to the EPCglobal Network.
To download the document click here
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EPCglobal - RFID Implementation Cookbook

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EPCglobal EPCglobal RFID Implementation Cookbook Page 1 of 3

GS1.ORG Auto ID Labs EPCglobal Worldwide

Home About Us Community Standards Certification Technology Public Policy

Home > Community > RFID Implementation Cookbook

The EPCglobal RFID Implementation Cook Book is targeted

Chapter 5 The objective of the Cook Book is to provide companies with

The Cook Book includes a table of contents with summaries

EPCglobal Inc. (EPCglobal) is providing this "Implementation

Although efforts have been made to ensure that the

1.2. RFID/ EPC Implementation Guidelines

1.3. Working with EPCglobal

1.4. Public Policy Overview

1.5. Importance of Data Synchronization

2.2. Cost Tutorial

2.3. EPCglobal Network Architecture

2.4. Gen2 Information

2.5. EPCglobal Compliance Certification

2.6. Pilot and Implementation Planning Tools

2.7. Data Exchange Pilot Learnings

2.9. Implementing RFID in Europe – an

3.2. KPI Scorecard Development for EPC Pilots

3.3. Questions to consider in Developing a EPC

3.4. Baseline Measures with EPC

3.5. Validation of EPC Results

4.1.2. Reader Interference

4.2. Applications, Systems and Processes

4.2.3. Scaling From Pilot to Implementation

4.2.4. The Role of EPC/RFID Middleware

4.2.5. Managing RFID Tag Failure By Exceptions

4.2.6. Benefits and Issues of Gen2 Migration

5.3. Key Learnings

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Home > Community > RFID Implementation Cookbook > Chapter 1

Community 1. GETTING STARTED

❍ Chapter 4 countless other ways.

RFID/EPC Essentials will highlight concepts, components, and applications to enable

RFID & EPC Essentials

1.2. RFID/ EPC Implementation Guidelines

http://www.epcglobalinc.org/what/cookbook/chapter1/ (1 of 3)11/21/2006 9:24:16 AM

EPC Implementation Guidelines

1.3. Working with EPCglobal

● EPCglobal Action Groups

Working with EPCglobal Action Groups

Working with EPCglobal Simple Standards Development Process

1.4. Public Policy Overview

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1.5. Importance of Data Synchronization

GDSN/EPCglobal Building the Bridge

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Home > Community > RFID Implementation Cookbook > Chapter 2

❍ Chapter 5 Specifications & Ratified Standards

2.2. Cost Tutorial

2.3. EPCglobal Network Architecture

http://www.epcglobalinc.org/what/cookbook/chapter2/ (1 of 4)11/21/2006 9:26:00 AM

EPCglobal Network Architecture Documents

2.4. Gen2 Information

● Convergence to One Global, Interoperable Standard

The Gen2 standards have been accepted by ISO.