EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E) (2) The shear resistance of a member with shear reinforcement is equal to: VRd = VRd,s + Vccd

+ Vtd (6.1)

(3) In regions of the member where VEd VRd,c no calculated shear reinforcement is necessary. VEd is the design shear force in the section considered resulting from external loading and prestressing (bonded or unbonded). (4) When, on the basis of the design shear calculation, no shear reinforcement is required, minimum shear reinforcement should nevertheless be provided according to 9.2.2. The minimum shear reinforcement may be omitted in members such as slabs (solid, ribbed or hollow core slabs) where transverse redistribution of loads is possible. Minimum reinforcement may also be omitted in members of minor importance (e.g. lintels with span 2 m) which do not contribute significantly to the overall resistance and stability of the structure. (5) In regions where VEd > VRd,c according to Expression (6.2), sufficient shear reinforcement should be provided in order that VEd VRd (see Expression (6.8)). (6) The sum of the design shear force and the contributions of the flanges, VEd - Vccd - Vtd, should not exceed the permitted maximum value VRd,max (see 6.2.3), anywhere in the member. (7) The longitudinal tension reinforcement should be able to resist the additional tensile force caused by shear (see 6.2.3 (7)). (8) For members subject to predominantly uniformly distributed loading the design shear force need not to be checked at a distance less than d from the face of the support. Any shear reinforcement required should continue to the support. In addition it should be verified that the shear at the support does not exceed VRd,max (see also 6.2.2 (6) and 6.2.3 (8). (9) Where a load is applied near the bottom of a section, sufficient vertical reinforcement to carry the load to the top of the section should be provided in addition to any reinforcement required to resist shear. 6.2.2 Members not requiring design shear reinforcement (1) The design value for the shear resistance VRd,c is given by: VRd,c = [CRd,ck(100 l fck)1/3 + k1 cp] bwd with a minimum of VRd,c = (vmin + k1cp) bwd where: fck is in MPa k = 1+
= 200 2,0 with d in mm d

(6.2.a)

(6.2.b)

l
Asl

Asl 0,02 bw d is the area of the tensile reinforcement, which extends (lbd + d) beyond the section considered (see Figure 6.3).
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EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
bw is the smallest width of the cross-section in the tensile area [mm] = NEd/Ac < 0,2 fcd [MPa] is the axial force in the cross-section due to loading or prestressing [in N] (NEd>0 for compression). The influence of imposed deformations on NE may be ignored. is the area of concrete cross section [mm2] is [N]

NEd AC VRd,c

cp

Note: The values of CRd,c, vmin and k1 for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended value for CRd,c is 0,18/c, that for vmin is given by Expression (6.3N) and that for k1 is 0,15. vmin =0,035 k3/2 fck1/2 (6.3N)

l bd d 45 o A sl

VEd

l bd 45 o
A

VEd

A sl 45 o
A

d VEd

A sl

l bd

A - section considered

Figure 6.3: Definition of Asl in Expression (6.2)

(2) In prestressed single span members without shear reinforcement, the shear resistance of the regions cracked in bending may be calculated using Expression (6.2a). In regions uncracked in bending (where the flexural tensile stress is smaller than fctk,0,05/c) the shear resistance should be limited by the tensile strength of the concrete. In these regions the shear resistance is given by:

VRd,c =
where

bw
S

(fctd )2 + l cp fctd

(6.4)

bw S lx lpt2

cp

is the second moment of area is the width of the cross-section at the centroidal axis, allowing for the presence of ducts in accordance with Expressions (6.16) and (6.17) is the first moment of area above and about the centroidal axis = lx/lpt2 1,0 for pretensioned tendons = 1,0 for other types of prestressing is the distance of section considered from the starting point of the transmission length is the upper bound value of the transmission length of the prestressing element according to Expression (8.18). is the concrete compressive stress at the centroidal axis due to axial loading and/or prestressing (cp = NEd /Ac in MPa, NEd > 0 in compression)

For cross-sections where the width varies over the height, the maximum principal stress may occur on an axis other than the centroidal axis. In such a case the minimum value of the shear resistance should be found by calculating VRd,c at various axes in the cross-section.

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EN 1992-1-1:2004 (E)
(3) The calculation of the shear resistance according to Expression (6.4) is not required for cross-sections that are nearer to the support than the point which is the intersection of the elastic centroidal axis and a line inclined from the inner edge of the support at an angle of 45o. (4) For the general case of members subjected to a bending moment and an axial force, which can be shown to be uncracked in flexure at the ULS, reference is made to 12.6.3. (5) For the design of the longitudinal reinforcement, in the region cracked in flexure, the MEd line should be shifted over a distance al = d in the unfavourable direction (see 9.2.1.3 (2)). (6) For members with loads applied on the upper side within a distance 0,5d av 2d from the edge of a support (or centre of bearing where flexible bearings are used), the contribution of this load to the shear force VEd may be multiplied by = av/2d. This reduction may be applied for checking VRd,c in Expression (6.2.a). This is only valid provided that the longitudinal reinforcement is fully anchored at the support. For av 0,5d the value av = 0,5d should be used. The shear force VEd, calculated without reduction by , should however always satisfy the condition

VEd 0,5 bwd fcd

where is a strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in shear

(6.5)

Note: The value for use in a Country may be found in its National Annex. The recommended value follows from:

= 0,6 1

fck 250

(fck in MPa)

(6.6N)

av

d d av

(a) Beam with direct support Figure 6.4: Loads near supports

(b) Corbel

(7) Beams with loads near to supports and corbels may alternatively be designed with strut and tie models. For this alternative, reference is made to 6.5.

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