SINGAPORES STRATEGIES FOR A PEOPLE CENTRED LAND TRANSPORT SYSTEM

Choi Chik Cheong What Cities Want : International study on urban mobility in selected cities worldwide

Outline
Singapores Land Transport Challenges Key Strategies

Land Constraint

23 km

43 km

CBD
High-density housing

Population: 5.2 million

Note: Figures accurate as of Jan 12

Land Area: 714 sq. km

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Road Transport
Road Network: 3,400 km

Expressway Network: 161 km Vehicle Population: 959,699

Car population: 608,958

Note: (a) Road & Expressway Figures Accurate as of Mar 12 (b) Vehicle Figures - Accurate as of Mar 12

Main Public Transport Modes

MRT: 149km, 99 stations

Buses: 342 routes, 4112 buses

Taxi: 27,163
Note: MRT, LRT, Bus and Taxi figures accurate as of Mar 12

LRT: 29 km, 43 stations

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Travel Statistics
Daily MRT/LRT trips: 2.4 million

Daily Bus trips: 3.4 million

Daily Taxi trips: 0.9 million

Note: Average daily travel figures for the year 2011

Rapid Transit System

MRT serves the heavy transit corridors
2 RTS Operators - SMRT & SBS Transit 178 km of MRT & LRT Lines

Fares and services are regulated

Buses
Provides comprehensive coverage

2 bus operators - SMRT Buses & SBS Transit Assigned areas of responsibility
> 340 scheduled services

4,000 fleet Fares and service standards are regulated

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Taxis
Personalised public transport service
Industry has been liberalised

Fares are de-regulated New entrants allowed

7 taxi companies + some individual owners (yellow top taxis)

Service standards are regulated

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Vision
A people- centred land transport system.

Mission

To provide an efficient and cost- effective land transport system for different needs.

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LTAs Functions
Formulation of land transport policies

Integrate transport planning with land use

Plan, design and develop Rapid Transit System (RTS) and road infrastructure Manage road traffic and maintain road infrastructure

Promote public transport

Regulate public transport services Regulate private transport ownership and usage Centralised bus network planning (from 2009)

Acquiring payment transactions for public transport, road pricing and electronic parking system.
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Land Transport MasterPlan (LTMP)

Three Key Strategies A People-Centred Land Transport System

S1. Make public transport a choice mode

S2. Manage Road Use

S3. Meet Diverse Needs

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Making public transport a choice mode - Key Target by 2020

Increase AM peak modal share on public transport from 59% to 70%

- Private Transport

- Public Transport

2008 Mode Share (am peak)

Target 2020 Mode Share (am peak)

41%

30%

59%

70%

S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode

CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIES

Key Challenges
1) Increasing Travel Demand
14.3 mil

2) Limited Land Space

12%

15%

Land Use
Roads Housing Others

11 mil

Today

2020

73%

Increase in Travel Demand must be met largely by Public Transport

Crowded Trains

Congestion at Bishan MRT station

MRT Breakdowns & Disruptions

News articles on North South Line MRT Breakdown on 15 December 2011

Fare Integration Network Integration

Institutional Integration

Integrated Public Transport System

Physical Integration

Information Integration

Institutional Integration

Established 1995

Land Transport Authority

Network Integration

Hub-and-spoke system
Backbone: MRT and trunk buses Feeder: Feeder buses and LRT Hubs: Bus and MRT Interchanges

Central Bus Network Planner (2009)

Enhance Commuter Experience

EZ link system

Key Bus Services Map

Premium Bus Services

Upgraded Bus Stops

Real-Time Bus Info Panels

Upgraded Bus Poles

S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode

More Priority for Buses

Full Day Bus Lanes

Priority given to buses at cross road junctions

Mandatory Give-Way at Bus Bays

Bus Service Enhancement Programme

S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode

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More Buses

Government to co-fund EUR 700K bus fleet expansion total 800 more buses over the next 5 years
S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode
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Expand the Rail Network

North

Rail network by 2020: EUR 38 billion

Today: 178 km By 2020 : 278 km
Existing In Progress

By 2020

Thomson Line

North-East

West

NSL
Downtown Line 2

NEL
Downtown Line 3
East

EWL
Tuas Extension
Central Region

Circle Line

Eastern Region Line Downtown Line 1 North South Line Extension

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S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode

Physical Integration
Sengkang Interchange

Creating Lifestyle Hubs

Improving Accessibility and Connectivity

Ang Mo Kio Hub

Integrated Public Transport Hubs

Existing
Upcoming
Ang Mo Kio Hub

Toa Payoh Hub

Yishun

Sengkang
Bt Panjang Boon Lay Ang Mo Kio

Hougang

Toa Payoh Serangoon

Jurong East Clementi

Bedok

Joo Koon

Marina South

S1:Make Public Transport A Choice Mode

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Increasing Train Capacity

Adding more trains

(The Straits Times, Pg C8, 8 March 2012)

Re-signalling to increase train frequency and capacity

PLANET
Analyses

4 billion records within minutes

Information Integration

Geographic Information System

Real-time Travel information

Websites & google map

Data Source: CEPAS Contactless E-Purse Application Standard

A National Standard for Multi-Purpose Contactless Stored-Value Card, a form of Contactless Smart Card (CSC)

One Card,Many Uses

Public Transport

Retail

Private Transport

Parking

S2. Manage Road Use

Develop road network Leverage on technology

Demand management measures Ownership control

Usage restraints

S2: Manage Road Usage

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Expand Road Network

Kallang-Paya Lebar Expressway (Sept 2008)
Marina Coastal Expressway (2013)

North South Expressway (2020)

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S2: Manage Road Usage

Manage Road Traffic with technology

Parking Guidance System

Junction Eyes

Expressway Monitoring & Advisory System

Demand Management
Combination of Ownership and Usage Measures

Ownership Control

Usage Restraint

1.Limit ownership VQS 1. Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) 2.Increase ownership cost 2. Petrol duty Additional Registration Fee (ARF) Excise duty Road tax
S2: Manage Road Usage
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Vehicle Quota System (VQS)

Regulates vehicle population growth at a rate that can be sustained by road network 3% p.a. from 1990 to 2008 1.5% p.a. from 2009 to 2012 0.5% p.a. from 2013 to 2014
A Certificate of Entitlement (COE) required to register a new vehicle, valid for 10 years

Open bidding exercise on the Internet

S2: Manage Road Usage

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Electronic Road Pricing

ERP is a congestion management tool
Flexible - rates vary by location/time, based on local traffic conditions

Equitable - motorists pay for congestion costs imposed on others or choose to travel at different time/ route/ use public transport
ERP rates - determine based on local traffic conditions, location and time of the day
S2: Manage Road Usage
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Electronic Road Pricing

ERP Rates reviewed every 3 months
To ensure optimal use of road space

Expressways

45 km/h
Increase rate

65 km/h
Decrease rate

Optimal Speed Range

Increase rate

Optimal Speed Range

Decrease rate

20 km/h

30 km/h

Other Roads

S2: Manage Road Usage

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S3. Meeting Diverse Needs

Implement barrier-free accessibility
MRT stations - lifts and tactile guidance system
Wheelchair accessible buses

Barrier-free road and road related facilities

Noise Abatement Measures

Complete island-wide noise measurement study

Install noise barriers at existing viaducts and turnouts

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S3: Meeting Diverse Needs

Facilitate Cycling
Foldable bicycles allowed on buses and trains Better bicycle parking facilities at public transport nodes Implement cycling path networks and parking facilities in public housing estates Dedicated cycling tracks next to pedestrians footpaths
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S3: Meeting Diverse Needs

Facilitate Cycling EUR27 million

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S3: Meeting Diverse Needs

Achieving Cleaner Transport

Diesel-Hybrid Buses
To trial on Diesel Hybrid Bus Technology

Electric Vehicles (EVs)

EV Taskforce/Test-Bed
To conduct feasibility study on setting up the infrastructure for Electric Vehicles (EV)

Green Transport Research

E.g. Development of Fuel Cell Bus, Transport Energy Efficiency and Cycling Behaviour

New Carbon Emissions Scheme

New cars with higher carbon emissions pay between $5,000 to $20,000 more

Rebates within the same range apply to vehicles producing less carbon dioxide

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S3: Meeting Diverse Needs

THANK YOU

Orchard MRT Station

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