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Agenda
Industrial Network Trends OSI Reference Model Layers 1 - 7 Plantwide Network Architectures EtherNet/IP Advantage Summary
Multidiscipline control and information applications Representative plantwide network architectures EtherNet/IP advantages which enables and drives convergence of control and information
Information
I/O Control
Safety Applications
Motion Control
High Availability
EtherNet/IP Enabling & Driving Convergence of Industrial Control and Information with IT
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
EtherNet/IP Enabling & Driving Convergence of Industrial Control and Information with IT
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Devices to be connected industrial and non-industrial Data requirements for availability, integrity and confidentiality Communication patterns, topology and resiliency requirements Types of traffic information, control, safety, time synchronization, motion control, voice, video Define zones and segmentation Place applications and devices in the logical framework based on requirements
Develop a physical framework to align with and support the logical framework Determine security requirements
Take into consideration IT requirements Establish early dialogue with IT for plantwide applications
MANAGE / MONITOR
ASSESS
Use technology & industry standards, reference models and reference architectures
AUDIT IMPLEMENT
DESIGN/PLAN
Layer Name
Application Presentation
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6
Function
Session
Transport Network
Routers
Layer 5
Layer 4 Layer 3
Data Link
Physical
Switches
Layer 2
Layer 1
IEEE 802.3
TIA - 1005
Cabling
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
CIP Modbus TCP PCCC/CSP HTTP VoIP
Coexistence
Coexistence
Interoperability
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sender
Application - CIP Presentation - Null Session Null Transport TCP/UDP Network IP Data Link - Ethernet Physical - Ethernet
Receiver
Layer 7
Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3
Application - CIP Presentation - Null Session - Null Transport TCP/UDP Network - IP Data Link - Ethernet Physical - Ethernet
Layer 2
Layer 1
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
CIP
Encapsulation
Decapsulation
CIP
Payload Segment
TCP
CIP
IP
TCP
CIP
Packet
IP program passes the new message to Ethernet program which adds on the Ethernet part needed to send it over the network Ethernet Frame is sent out the PHY
Enet
IP
TCP
CIP
Frame
Physical Layer
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
CIP
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
CIP
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
CIP
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
IE Protocol
Limits Portability and Routability, may require additional assets to forward information throughout the plantwide architecture
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
IE Protocol
Non standard Ethernet, will require additional assets to connect into the plantwide architecture
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer No.
Layer 7
Network Independent
Layer 1
Layer Name
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical
Routers
Layer No.
Layer 7 Layer 6 Layer 5 Layer 4 Layer 3 Layer 2 Layer 1
Function
Network Services to User App Encryption/Other processing Manage Multiple Applications Reliable delivery/Error correction Logical addressing - Routers Media Access Control Specifies voltage, pin-outs, cable
Examples
CIP
Switches
Cabling
Similar sounding network devices, services and terms exist at Layer 2 (L2) and Layer 3 (L3) e.g. QoS, Resiliency, Security, Connections
Ethernet examples:
10Base-2, 10Base-5, 10Base-T, 100Base-TX 100Base-SX
Responsible for converting a frame, Layer 2 output, into electrical signals to be transmitted over the physical network. Other PHY examples:
RS-232 T1, E1 ISDN 802.11
A repeater recreates the incoming signal and re-transmits it without noise or distortion that may have effected the signal as it was transmitted down the cable. Repeaters were available on legacy Ethernet to increase the overall length of the network and allow additional nodes to be added.
Fiber link
Use Caution!
Linear Device-Level
Linear Switch-Level
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Star
Redundant Star
Ring Device-Level
Ring Switch-Level
SFD DA
SA
FCS
802.3 Frame The Data Link layer is divided into two sub layers: The Media Access Control (MAC) sub-layer and the Logical Link Control (LLC) sub-layer. MAC (802.3) lower sub-layer controls how a device on the network gains access to the data and permission to transmit it.
LLC (802.2) upper sub-layer controls frame synchronization, flow control, and acts as an interface between the MAC sub-layer and the network layer. Layer 2 LAN and WAN Examples:
802.3, 802.5, Frame Relay, ATM, ISDN, MPLS (service providers) ARP Address Resolution Protocol QoS Quality of Service, VLAN Virtual Local Area Network , Resiliency and Security
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
All devices on Ethernet communicate using the Ethernet address for the device. This address is sometimes referred to as the hardware, burned-in or MAC address (MAC stands for Media Access Controller).
The hardware address is a unique (in the world) 6-byte address that is embedded in the circuitry of every device that sits on an Ethernet network. First 3-bytes identify a specific vendor.
Every vendor of Ethernet products obtains their own unique address range Allen-Bradleys is 00:00:BC:XX:XX:XX and 00:1D:9C:XX:XX:XX Example - 00:00:BC:03:52:A9
Note that each digit of the MAC address is a hex number (range 0-F)
http://www.techzoom.net/tools/check-mac.en
MAC Decoder
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unicast A method by which a frame is sent to a single destination. Multicast A technique that allows copies of a single frame to be passed to a selected subset of possible destinations. Example: 01-00-0C-CC-CC-CC (Cisco Discovery Protocol CDP) Broadcast A frame delivery system that delivers a given frame to all hosts on the LAN. FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF
Bridge
Layer 2
Ethernet
DeviceNet
Ethernet
Access Point
Ethernet
LAN
8
Industrial versus COTS - Panel & DIN Rail Mounting vs. Table & Rack (e.g. 1RU) Managed versus Unmanaged Advantages Managed Switches
Loop prevention Security services Diagnostic information Segmentation services (VLANs) Prioritization services (QoS) Network resiliency Multicast management services
Disadvantages
Unmanaged Switches
No loop prevention No security services No diagnostic information No segmentation or prioritization services Difficult to troubleshoot No network resiliency support
Pre
SFD
DA
SA
Type/Len
Data (Payload)
FCS
802.3 Frame
Standard MAC - 00:00:BC:XX:XX:XX & 00:1D:9C:XX:XX:XX Transmission types: unicast, multicast and broadcast
EtherType Common e.g. IPv4, ARP ODVA Embedded Switch Beacon - EtherType - 0x08E1 Layer 2 service example QoS CoS
Layer 3 Network
Internet Protocol (IP) Packet
Version /Len ToS Byte Len ID Offset TTL Proto HCS IP SA IP DA Data
IPv4 Packet
This layer provides switching and routing technologies, creating logical paths, known as virtual circuits, for transmitting data from node to node. Routing and forwarding are functions of this Layer, as well as addressing, and internetworking. IP Address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway Layer 3 Protocol Examples: ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol IPsec Internet Protocol Security IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol Routed protocol vs. Routing Protocol vs. Router Redundancy Layer 3 Services Examples QoS Quality of Service, Resiliency, Security
Layer 3 Network
LAN Transmission Methods
Unicast A method by which a packet is sent to a single destination. Multicast A technique that allows copies of a single packet to be passed to a selected subset of possible destinations 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 EtherNet/IP IP Multicast Address Range:
239.192.0.0 - 239.195.255.255
Broadcast A packet delivery system that delivers a given packet to all hosts on the LAN. 255.255.255.255
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 3 Network
Internet Protocol Address
Fixed or assigned from a pool? What type of server? If assigning from a pool Unique Network Identity
Layer 3 Network
IP Addressing Schema
Option Static Hardware Description
Devices hard coded with an IP Address
Advantages
Simple to commission and replace
Disadvantages
In large environments, can be burdensome to maintain Limited ranged of IP addresses and subnet Not all devices support Requires technician to configure IP address/MAC address when a device is replaced Adds complexity and point of failure More complex to implement and adds a point of failure Devices get different IP addresses when they reboot
Static via BOOTP Server assigns devices IP addresses Configuration Precursor to DHCP
Server assigns IP addresses from a pool (NOT RECOMMENDED for industrial devices)
DHCP
Efficient use of IP address range Can reduce administration work load Efficient use of IP Address range Can reduce administration work load Efficient use of IP Address range Eases commissioning and maintenance in large environments
DHCP Option 82
More complex to implement and adds a point of failure Mixed environments may not work
Layer 3 Network
IP Default Gateway
Routing Table
Network 10.17.10.0 10.10.10.0 Port 1 2
Gateways and Routers use the network portion of IP addresses to identify where networks are. Switch/route packets by IP Address. Stratix 8300 Layer 2 and Layer 3 switching. A table is kept that tells the device which port a message should be transmitted out in order to get the message to the proper network. If the particular network is not directly attached to that device, it will simply forward the message to the next gateway or router in the path for further routing. Time-to-live (TTL) 10.17.10.56 RA EtherNet/IP implementation for multicast TTL=1 VLAN 17 RA EtherNet/IP implementation for Subnet 10.17.10.0/24 unicast TTL=64
10.10.10.56
VLAN 10 Subnet 10.10.10.0/24
Layer 3 - Network
Routing
Switch/route packets by IP Address. Extend network distance LAN, MAN, WAN Connect different LANs Broadcast control Multicast control, EtherNet/IP multicast not routable - TTL=1 Layer 3 features such as security, QoS, resiliency, etc. Make sure IT understands required protocols Is there a need to route to other subnets? Multicast traffic? Security or segmentation?
WAN
Default Gateway 10.10.10.1 10.17.10.1
10.17.10.56 10.10.10.56
VLAN 17 Subnet 10.17.10.0/24 VLAN 10 Subnet 10.10.10.0/24
Layer 3 Network
Router and Routing
Routed protocols
Examples: Internet Protocol (IP) Novel Netware Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX)
Routing Protocols
Routers talking to routers Maintaining optimal network topology/path to subnets, and forwarding packets along those paths static and dynamic routes Examples: OSPF Open Shortest Path First, IETF Standard (Link-State Routing) EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol, Cisco innovation (Distance Vector Routing)
Layer 3 Network
EN2TR Example
EN2TR Webpage ARP Table
Layer 3 Network
EtherNet/IP is Standard
Version /Len
ToS Byte
Len
ID
Offset
TTL
Proto
HCS
IP SA
IP DA
Data
Standard IPv4
IPv4 Packet
TTL
Unicast - 64 Multicast - 1
Multicast addresses - 239.192.0.0/14 range 239.192.0.0 239.195.255.255 Layer 3 service example QoS ToS - DSCP
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 4 Transport
Segment
This layer provides transparent transfer of data between end systems, or devices, and is responsible for endto-end error recovery and flow control. It ensures complete data transfer.
User Datagram Protocol - UDP Connectionless/best effort Does not use acknowledgements IP - Unicast and Multicast CIP used for Class 1 (Implicit) I/O and P/C connections port 2222 Transmission Control Protocol - TCP Connection-oriented, end-to-end reliable transmission Utilizes acknowledgements (ACK) to ensure reliable delivery IP - Unicast CIP used for Class 3 (Explicit) messaging such as Operator Interface port 44818
UDP Header
TCP Header
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 4 Transport
Ports and Sockets
Layer 4 Transport
ControlLogix Module connection support (partial list)
Communications Module
1756-ENBT 1756-EN2T 1756-EN2TR
TCP connections
CIP Connections
64 128 128
1756-EN3TR
1756-EN2F
128
128
256
256
ENET-UM001G-EN-P EtherNet/IP Modules in Logix5000 Control Systems . provides connection and packet rate specs for modules
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 4 Transport
EN2TR Example
EN2TR Webpage UDP Statistics
Layer 4 Transport
EtherNet/IP is Standard
UDP Header
TCP Header
Standard TCP & UDP Standard TCP & UDP Port Usage
Layer 7 Application
Common Industrial Protocol
Guten Hello.tag?
Bonjour? Hi.
Im great.
PLANT
MACHINE
Layer 7 Application
Common Industrial Protocol
Standard set of services for accessing data and controlling industrial device operation Standard to integrate I/O control, device configuration and data collection in industrial automation and control systems
Layer No.
Layer 7
Layer 1
odva.org
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Layer 7 Application
Common Industrial Protocol
CIP uses object modeling to describe devices Device Profiles define the communication view of a device Electronic Data Sheets (EDS)
Layer 7 Application
CIP Object Modeling - Example
Attributes Weight: 82 kg Weight: 75 kg Height: 1.8 m Height: 1.7 m Age: 28 years Age: 29 years
Layer 7 Application
CIP Objects
Connection Objects model the communication characteristics of a particular application to application(s) relationship In EtherNet/IP these are actually several objects
Connection
Sensor Actuator Controller
Application Object
Connection Objects
Connection Objects
Application Object
Device #1
Device #2
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIP Safety
Layer 7 - Application CIP Extension High-integrity Safety Services and Messages for CIP
Data redundancy - data sent twice (actual & inverted) Safety CRC redundancy actual & inverted End-to-end Safety CRCs - individual CRCs for data (actual & inverted) and overall message Every packet is time stamped
IEC 61508 SIL3 and EN 954-1 - Cat 4 Two behaviors must be implemented:
Real-time transfer of safety data
Safety Validator Object
Client (Device producing safety data) Server (Device consuming safety data)
Safety Messages
CIP Safety
Layer 7 - Application
Catalyst 3750 StackWise Catalyst 2960 FactoryTalk Server
Safety I/O
Safety Controller
Camera
Safety I/O
Safety I/O
HMI
I/O
Controller
Safety Controller
CIP Sync
Layer 7 - Application
CIP Extension Defines time synchronization services and object for CIP Networks
TCP
Layer 4
UDP
IGMP RARP
OSPF
ICMP
ARP
Layer 3
Layer 1-2 Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIP Motion
Layer 7 - Application
Traditional approach to motion control - Network Scheduling (time-slot) CIP Motion approach - Pre-determined Execution Plan for position path, based on a common understanding of time between the motion controller and drives where to be and at what time
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
CIP Motion
Layer 7 - Application
Safety Controller
Camera
Safety I/O
Controller
HMI
VFD I/O
Layer 7 Application
EN2TR Example
EN2TR Webpage Diagnostic Overview
I/O
Star
VFD Drive
Controller
I/O
Linear
I/O
I/O HMI HMI
Servo Drive
I/O
Ring
VFD Drive
Controller
Servo Drive
VFD Drive
Controller
I/O
Servo Drive
Star
VFD Drive
Linear
I/O
I/O
Stratix 8300
Controller
I/O
Servo Drive
I/O
Ring
VFD Drive
Controller
Servo Drive
VLAN 43
HMI Camera
Convergence-Ready
Safety Controller
Camera
VLAN 43
I/O
HMI
VFD Drive
VLAN 17 Subnet 10.17.10.0/24
I/O
Controller
I/O
Safety I/O HMI I/O
VLAN 16 Subnet 10.16.10.0/24
Controller I/O
VLAN 10 Subnet 10.10.10.0/24
VFD Drive
Servo Drive
Additional Material
Rockwell Automation
Networks Website: http://www.ab.com/networks/ EtherNet/IP Website: http://www.ab.com/networks/ethernet/ Media Website: http://www.ab.com/networks/media/ethernet/ Embedded Switch Technology Website: http://www.ab.com/networks/switches/embedded.html Publications: ENET-AP005-EN-P Embedded Switch Technology Manual ENET-UM001G-EN-P EtherNet/IP Modules in Logix5000 Control Systems . provides connection and packet rate specs for modules 1783-UM003 Stratix 8000 and Stratix 8300 Ethernet Managed Switches User Manual ENET-WP0022 Top 10 Recommendations for Plantwide EtherNet/IP Deployments ENET-RM002A-EN-P Ethernet Design Considerations Reference Manual Network and Security Services Website:
http://www.rockwellautomation.com/services/networks/
Copyright 2012 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Additional Material
ODVA
Website: http://www.odva.org/ Media Planning and Installation Manual http://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/Publications_Numbered/PUB00148R0_EtherNetIP_Media_Plan ning_and_Installation_Manual.pdf Network Infrastructure for EtherNet/IP: Introduction and Considerations http://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/Publications_Numbered/PUB00035R0_Infrastructure_Guide.pdf Device Level Ring http://www.odva.org/Portals/0/Library/CIPConf_AGM2009/2009_CIP_Networks_Conference_Technica l_Track_Intro_to_DLR_PPT.pdf The CIP Advantage http://www.odva.org/default.aspx?tabid=54
Additional Material
Cisco and Rockwell Automation Alliance
Websites
http://www.ab.com/networks/architectures.html Converged Plantwide Ethernet (CPwE) Fiber Optic Infrastructure Application Guide
Design Guides
Application Guides
Additional Material
Cisco and Rockwell Automation Alliance Education Series Webcasts
Industrial Ethernet: Introduction to Resiliency Fundamentals of Secure Remote Access for Plant Floor Applications and Data Securing Architectures and Applications for Network Convergence Convergence-Ready EtherNet/IP Solutions
Available Online
http://www.ab.com/networks/architectures.html
Additional Material
Panduit, Cisco, Rockwell Automation Collaboration
ENET-TD003
Additional Material
Network Sessions
RA & Cisco
T43: Wireless: Applying Plantwide Industrial Wireless Communications for Cost Savings
RA & Cisco
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