B48BA

1.

Tutorial 3 Mass balance with Reactions

During the catalytic dehydrogenation of ethanol (C2H5OH) two reactions occur which produce acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) and ethyl acetate (CH3COOC2H5): C2H5OH CH3CHO + H2 2C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + 2H2 A feed of 12 mol/s of pure ethanol is mixed with the recycle stream before entering the catalytic reactor where the above reactions take place. The combined reactor feed consists of 60% ethanol, 36% acetaldehyde, 3% ethyl acetate and 1% hydrogen. The separator after the reactor produces a product stream and a recycle, which contains 60% acetaldehyde. The overall conversion of ethanol is 98% and of the ethanol converted 90% forms acetaldehyde. All composition percentages are molar. a. Find all stream flows and compositions. Find the single-pass conversion of ethanol. b. Note: "Overall conversion" refers to the feed and the product. "Single-pass conversion" refers to the reactor inlet and outlet.
Pure ethanol
Reactor Separator

Product

Recycle

2.

Bromine reacts with butan-2-one (C4H9O) dissolved in warm aqueous acetic acid to give 1-bromo and 3-bromo-butan-2-one (both C4H8BrO) plus HBr. C4H9O + Br2 C4H8BrO + HBr A batch reactor initially contains 100 kmoles of butan-2-one and 110 kmoles of Br2. At the end of the process, the conversion of butan-2-one is 70% and the quantity of 1-bromo-butan-2-one is 20 kmoles. Find the quantities of HBr, 3-bromo-butan-2-one, butan-2-one and Br2 at the end of the process. Also, find the yield of 1-bromo-butan-2-one, the selectivity for 1-bromo-butan-2-one, and the percentage excess of bromine.

3.

Ethane is burned in a furnace to generate heat. 2C2H6 +7O2 4CO2 + 6H2O 2C2H6 +5O2 4CO + 6H2O

The feed to the furnace consists of 5% ethane, 20% O2 and 75% N2. The conversion of ethane is 95% and of this 80% forms CO2 and the remainder CO. All percentages are molar. Calculate the composition in mole fractions of the flue gas produced by the furnace. (You may find it easier to calculate on the basis of 100 moles of ethane feed.)

4.

Two fuel gases are mixed prior to being burned with air in a furnace. The flue gas has a composition after drying of: CO2 7%, CO 1%, O2 7% and N2 85%. The fuel gas flows and compositions are: Gas A: 100 mol/s CH4 80%, N2 20% Gas B: 74.4 mol/s CH4 60%, C2H6 20%, N2 20% All compositions are molar. Calculate the flow rates of dry flue gas, water produced and air supplied. percentage excess air used. Hint: to get started, do mass balances on C and N2. Calculate the

5.

Acrylonitrile is produced by the reaction of propylene, ammonia and oxygen 2C3H6 + 2NH3 + 3O2 2C3H3N + 6H2O The reactor feed contains 7.098 kg propylene, 3.426 kg ammonia and 7.392 kg oxygen. The mass of water produced is found to be 5.293 kg. Find: a) The limiting reactant and its conversion. b) The percent excess of the other reagents. c) Moles of all components in the mixture after the reaction.