Tracking Aircraft With GNU Radio

Nick Foster 9/14/2011

What Is ADS-B?

Automatic Depen ent Sur!ei""ance-Broa cast A#$ o% the %uture &FAA Ne't(en pro)ect* +e,uire on most A$ in -S ./ 20200 a"rea / re,uire in 1urope Au2ments primar/ sur!ei""ance ra ar &ADS-B 3ut* (i!es pi"ots their o4n ra ar picture &ADS-B In* #ransport "a/er0 not ph/sica" &3SI "e!e" 4* Se!era" 567 "a/er imp"ementations

-A# Mode S Extended Squitter 8D9 mo es 2/4

ADS-B enhance A#$ s/stem

ADS-B In 10:0;6< interro2ation

1090;6< rep"/ 1090;6< ADS-B s,uitter

#he ;o e S Wa!e%orm

5u"se position mo u"ation at 1;.it Simp"e mo u"ation scheme esi2ne to .e #=/+= ./ cheap har 4are 567 "a/er compati."e 4ith o" er transpon ers &;o e A > ;o e $ > ;o e S* -ni,ue"/ i enti%ies every aircra%t ./ air%rame ID No me ia access contro" at a"" ? transpon ers )ust step on each other &@F+-I#A* ADS-B uses @e'ten e s,uitterA0 112 .it packets

+ecei!er o!er!ie4

Fi"terin2 an A; emo 5ream."e etector

#hresho"

etector %o""o4e ./ !a"i ation

#a2s %irst samp"e o% pream."e packet 4/timestamp 3n"/ %or4ar s !ia."e samp"es o4nstream

#his corrupts /our timestamp samp"e re%erenceB Data s"icer

Searches %or pream."e ta2s S"ices .its an pro uces messa2es to 5/thon main app (oo2"e 1arth inter%ace NoSC9 ata.ase %or other custom apps

5acket parsin2 an output mo u"es har!est messa2e ,ueue

+ecei!er 5er%ormance an +esu"ts

Aircra%t success%u""/ tracke %rom 2DE nautica" mi"es a4a/B #/pica" ran2e 100-1E0nm epen in2 on irection an a"titu e SetupF

-S+51 DBS+= ;ini-$ircuits 9NA 1090;6< SAW %i"ter

Interestin2 aircra%t hear ? Air Force 3ne0 B"ue An2e"s0 $-1:00 AWA$S
Type 17 subtype 04 (ident) from adfdf8 with data AF1 Type 4 (short survei an!e a titude rep y) from adfdf8 at 112"ft Type 0 (short #-# survei an!e) from adfdf8 at 112"ft (speed Type 11 (a !a rep y) from adfdf8 in rep y to interro&ator 0

(-24 0 0.000000) (-26 0 0.000000) (-2" 0 0.000000) $00-600%t) (-24 0 0.000000)

;u"ti"ateration

ADS-B is 2reat an a""0 .ut on"/ :0G comp"iance in the -S

What 2oo is a co""ision a!oi ance s/stem 4hich i2nores D0G o% the tra%%ic? What a.out interestin20 nonparticipatin2 aircra%t &AF10 B"ue An2e"s0 etcH*?

;o e S pro!i es a uni,ue air%rame ID to i%%erentiate rep"ies 6/per.o"ic positionin2 .ase on #D3A ? )ust "ike (5S

T2 T1

T3

;a/.e itIs not "ike (5S a%ter a""

We 2et a %ree .it o% kno4"e 2eF a"titu e

9ets us mu"ti"aterate 4ith three0 rather than %our stations &a".eit 4ith poor 2eometr/* 1'tra @recei!erA "ocate at 1arthIs center 4ith simu"ate #D3A to kno4n a"titu e We can s/nchroni<e usin2 ADS-B-e,uippe aircra%tB

Non-s/nchroni<e recei!ers

But 4e ha!e to cope 4ith c"ock o%%set an c"ock ri%t +emem.er0 1 microsecon is :00 meters

#he ine!ita."e math

Iterati!e "east s,uares so"!er .ase on (5S e,uation So"!er operates on the partia" eri!ati!es o% the pseu oran2es usin2 Ne4tonIs ;etho @1'tra stationA compute usin2 one stationIs "at/"on an the aircra%tIs kno4n a"titu e ? pseu oran2e chan2es "itt"e 4ith "at/"on chan2es ue to sma"" an2u"ar separation

+esu"ts
#ir!raft heard for ! o!% drift estimate' ()ab!64*)+ )a8"22b)+ )a82aa!)+ )a*821*)+ )a6a!$*)+ )a8a7$d), Tota reports used' 640 over $48."* se!onds drift from 0 re ative to station 0' 0.000ppm drift from 1 re ative to station 0' ".477ppm mean offset from 0 re ative to station 0' 0.000 se!onds mean offset from 1 re ative to station 0' 2.21* se!onds RMS error in TDOA: 209.9 meters

Better c"ock ri%t estimation &%i"terin2 instea o% mean* 4ou" pro!i e si2ni%icant"/ re uce errorB

Future impro!ements

+ea"-time mu"ti"ateration instea o% post-processin2 Better c"ock rate estimation Ja"man %i"ter %or position estimation $5- optimi<ation on 1100 / F5(A 4ork Faster samp"e rates

Cuestions

$o e is at 2ithu.Hcom/.istromath $ome see me %or a "i!e emo on a -S+5 B100