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Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Basically, Japan Railways run electric trains, but they still use JR Hokkaido diesel engines
JR East
JR West JR Central
JR Kyushu
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
What kinds of issue are coming out from the operation of diesel engines?
-Leaking of light oil used as fuel
The polluted soil should be cleaned-up, but scientific data are needed. Aromatic hydrocarbons might be contained
A
Arrival Track No. 1
Arrival Track No. 2
GL-5.5 m
B
GL-5.5 m
C
Arrival Track No. 3
GL-5.5 m
D
Arrival Track No. 4
E
Shunting Track
GL-2.8 m
F
GL-3.5 m
0
1.5 - 2 m 2.5 - 3 m 5 - 5.5 m 1.5 - 2 m 2 - 2.5 m
0.5
1.5
2.5
Spot
5.1 - 5.5 m 1.5 - 2 m 2.5 - 3 m 4.5 - 5.5 m 1.3 - 1.8 m 2 - 2.5 m 5 - 5.5 m 1 - 1.5 m 1.5 - 2 m 2 - 2.8 m 1.5 - 2 m 3 - 3.5 m
Bioremediation works??
-If necessary to clean-up, how deep we should do it? -What methods are better in the case with railroad tracks? We run over 200,000 trains a day.
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
What kinds of issue are coming out from the operation of electric trains?
-Heavy metal contamination
Scattered by friction between contact wires, especially lead and copper, and pantographs Emitted from the surface of brake linings, including lead, because of high-speed operation
Friction at pantographs
But all frictional materials containing heavy metals were already replaced with carbon materials
When giving a brake
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
0.4
0.2
0 0 20 40 60 80
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Cr(IV)
1m
Looking Brown Fields
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Questions?
Any questions are absolutely welcome, but you can touch base with me even after the meeting.
water@rtri.or.jp
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Why are screening methods needed for investigation of pollution in the ground?
Japan wants to create a new approach to find benefits in ISO/TC 190 (Soil quality)!
Some standards are too scientific No one needs to hesitate to prepare practical standards Come on to the practical side!
Ea syGo Me i n g n
HIRO
Scientific
For your easy understanding, come to remember 9.11. A special WG was instituted on explosives in TC 147 after 9.11
Shortly, to make money. This is because a big market just came out after the tragedy Such kind of standard will bring money by selling instruments under the analytical technique designated thereby By putting standards in practical use, TC 147 became more active, as a result
North Korea would attack Japan!
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
For instance, .
To simply check the concentrations of pollutants
If you want to drink water in a glass,. Screening Go to a pH meter Full
Thus,. We Need
Save-Money-Standards!
-Actual money-back is not necessarily needed
-But indirect benefits are needed, at least -Relatively poor performance is still okay
Saving cost and time Simple operation Applicable on-site
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Easy-going-standards
are definitely preferable
Validation Date
-To show the same or approximately the same values as those given by the methods currently standardized -Higher performance, including lower DLs and higher accuracies, are not necessary. Even if any, not so expected -As you know, if taking something, lose something. This is true.
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Still benefit!
Standardization is needed:
To improve the quality of screening investigation in the standardization approach to check soil contamination
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Voting 14 19 ---
Yes 11 16 ---
Registered 14 7 countries 16
11 countries
1 2
SC 3/WG 10
Guidance
CD WD ---
XRF ---
Questions?
Any questions are absolutely welcome. Hiro is also at: Our goal there!
water@rtri.or.jp
Japan Railways
Hope you have interest in screening methods.
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Their goal must be the same.Railway But there are different Technical Research Institute Railways ways between reference andJapan screening methods.
Se
Pb As
Cd
Heavy metals are found at every workshop and car depot at an inspection.
Takatori Workshop in Kobe Relocated to the suburbs in 2000 A lot of kinds of heavy metals were found. 5M USD were paid for the remediation. Asahigawa Engine Depot in Hokkaido Heavy metals were found, especially mercury, where batteries were maintained.
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
We are not sure how long, wide or deep our railroad tracks are polluted. -Length in service, 30,000 km -Average width for single tracks, 5 m
150,000,000 m2, estimated
Japan Railways Proposal for screening methods is. XRF for heavy metals in soil
To check if the concentrations of heavy metals are over the allowable limits or not To track hot spots with heavy metals at a site
Determination limit, ppm Cd, 5.5 Cr, 36 Pb, 8 Other heavy metals, around 10 ppm Reproducibility, Cd, 1.38 Cr, 0.24 Pb, 0.22
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Major dimensions
3g
Time, 5 min
Weight, 8 kg or less
In Japan, a hood is required to protect X-ray.
Sample, 3 g
If necessary, soil samples can be dried in five minutes.
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Limit
Pb
Cd
g H
Spot
g H
X-Ray shielded
Sample Cell Room Soil Sample Sample Cell Solid State Detector X-ray Filter X-ray Tube Display
Preamplifier
Power
Battery
Computer
F-
g H
Cd
Cr
Pb As
Se
Sample Soil Cell Sample Cell Room Sample X-ray Filter X-ray Tube Display Software for calibration
Power
Battery
Computer
Element Cd Pb Se Hg As Cr
PracticalsoilscreeningdatabyXRF
For petroleum. IR
For petroleum.
Dexsil (mg/kg)
All Final Field Data 30000 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 0 5000 10000
Lab (mg/kg) y = 1.6897x + 194.65 R = 0.9716
2
TA
15000
20000
*
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Sediment test
Ostracodtoxkit
Worm avoidance
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Join us!
Czech Rep., NIRS
FAO, looking for simple methods to determine heavy metals on site
Finland, XRF
Germany, CG
Japan, XRF, IR/TA for petroleum The Netherlands, inspection probes Poland, guidelines Korea, detection for explosives UK, immunoassay Japan Railways
Railway Technical Research Institute
Bear in mind HIRO is still easy-going all the time. HIRO wants to make everything simple!
Thick documents and long presentations bore you!
Your PowerPoint files Dress casually in SC 3/WG should be with maximum 10 meetings to make yourself 5 VISUAL slides easy, if you do not mind Prepare your each Give Hiro any your questions, document in two reactions, opinion, and requests by A4-sized pages call or through e-mail at any time Hope all the items be Enjoy standardization work standardized in SC 3/WG with HIRO in SC 3/WG 10! Railway Technical Research Institute 10 within six pages Japan Railways
Questions?
Any questions are absolutely welcome, but you can touch base with me even after the meeting.
water@rtri.or.jp
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
We
&
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Scope.
$
$
$ $
ISO/CD 12404:
This international standard provides guidance on the selection and application of screening methods for assessing soil quality. Information is given on what constitutes an appropriate screening method and the conditions under which they can be used.
We
.
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
We
$
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways
Definition Screening
ISO/CD 12404:
No definition but explaining that screening methods can be used to set priorities for a site investigation or facilitate the design of a sampling plan.
Still ideal?
Standard
?
Practical!
Definition Principle
ISO/CD 12404:
-Selection of a screening method for sampling and pre-treatment -Performance characteristics for screening methods Validation (primary validation) Verification or daily performance tests (secondary validation) Quality control and quality management -Application and applicability of a selected screening method Screening method requirements Quality assurance Screening method application
Questions?
Any questions are absolutely welcome, but you can touch base with me even after the meeting.
water@rtri.or.jp
Railway Technical Research Institute Japan Railways