CHAPTER II Review of Related Literature

Education is one of the imperative things that parents can give. Parents always say that education is the key to success and to have a better future. Education is important to Filipinos. Filipino believes that education can break the Filipinos seemingly endless cycle of poverty because it will provide people more opportunities to have a prosper nation and eventually can compete to the leading nations with high economy (Medium-Term Philippine Development Plan 2004-2010, u.d.). Education increases the knowledge and skills of every person needed to succeed in what people are facing today. Education has a general purpose in the Philippines wherein it was cited in the national constitution, Section 3(2), Article XIV of the Constitution that All educational institutions shall inculcate patriotism and nationalism, foster love of humanity, respect for human rights, appreciation of the role of the national heroes in the historical development of the country, teach the rights and duties of citizenship, strengthen ethical and spiritual values, develop moral character and personal discipline, encourage critical and creative thinking, broaden scientific and technological knowledge and promote vocational efficiency (Marias and Ditapat, u.d.). Education has three different levels. These levels are primary, secondary and tertiary education. Primary education is compulsory and is six years in duration which is divided into a four-year primary cycle (grades I-IV) and a two-year intermediate cycle (grades V-VI). Secondary level is four-year duration. However there are different types of secondary schools. These are general high school, vocational high school and science high school with different curriculum. Curriculum is the list of the courses offered by an educational institution. General high schools curriculum includes communication arts (English and Pilipino), social studies (including anthropology, Philippine history and government, economics, geography and sociology), mathematics, science and technology, youth development training (including physical education, health education, music and citizen army training), practical arts (including home economics, agriculture & fisheries, industrial arts, and entrepreneurship), values education and some electives including both academic and vocational subjects. Vocational high school

starts with its first two years studying a general vocational area then in the third and fourth years, they specialize in a discipline or vocation within that area. An example is a student took two years of general trade-technical courses followed by two years specialization in cabinet making. Programs contain a mixture of theory and practice. And the science high school follows the general secondary curriculum, with additional advanced classes in science and mathematics. Tertiary level offers an education on what profession will a student choose to be able to use and practice after graduation in seeking for jobs (Clark, 2009). Secondary school is said to be the greatest years of an individual since students experience different things which are way different from primary school like JS proms, graduation balls, etc. However, it was also in high school where the students study hard for the subjects listed on their curriculum (see table 1). Table 1 shows the major and minor subjects as well as its units from Education System of the Philippines (u.d.) and Philippines Curriculum Development (Marias, and Ditapat, u.d.), respectively.
SUBJECTS YEAR Major
Filipino 1 Algebra 1 Integrated Science English 1 Phillipine History Filipino 2 Algebra 2 Biology English 2 Asian History Filipino 3 Geometry Chemistry World History Geography Filipino 4 Calculus Trigonometry Physics Literature Economics

UNITS Minor Major

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1

Minor
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 2

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Health Music Arts Physical Education Home Economics and Technology Health Music Arts Physical Education Home Economics and Technology Health Music Arts Physical Education Home Economics and Technology Health Music Arts Physical Education Home Economics and Technology

Table 1. Curriculum of Secondary Education Based on Education System of the Philippines

http://www.classbase.com/Countries/philippines/Education-System & www ibe unesco org curriculum Asia 2 etworkpdf ndrepph pdf

Major subjects listed in Table 1 are surely difficult as the survey in Curry and Hughes (1965) showed that the students in Baylor University chose Physical Education as the number 1 preference of subject, next is English, Science, Social Studies and Mathematics. A possible reason is that they have difficulties understanding the topics per subject like the students studying in CHSM High School Department. There are no relative studies on changing the schedule during quarterly examinations which minor subjects are separated from major subjects. However, this study will give idea to the CHSM High School Department to change the strategy in giving examinations as the Pros and Cons of the old strategy will be emphasized as the researchers conduct survey on how the old strategy can help the students to have a high grade and what if it will be changed to a new strategy, wherein minor subjects are separated from major subjects during examination period, how they think it will also affect the grade.

References: Clark, N. 2009. Education in the Phillipines. World Education News and Reviews, Vol. 22, Issue 1. Retrieved from: http://www.wes.org/ewenr/09jan/practical.htm Curry, R. and Hughes, H. 1965. Subject Areas Preferred by High School Juniors. Peabody Journal of Education, Vol. 42, No. 4 (Jan., 1965), pp. 236-240. Retrieved from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1491183 Education System of the Philippines. 2012. Retrieved from: http://www.classbase.com/Countries/philippines/Education-System

Marias, B. and Ditapat, M. Unknown Date. Philippines Curriculum Development.Retrieved from: www.ibe.unesco.org/curriculum/Asia%20Networkpdf ndrepph pdf Medium- erm hilippine Development lan 2 4-2 www neda gov ph DF M D 2 2 4-2 2 nknown date EDA Chapterx etrieved from