Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

WEBA Technology
1213 N Sherman Ave #351 Madison, WI 53704 USA Tel: 608-819-8806 Fax: 608-237-2054 www.webacorp.com

Copyright 2003 WEBA Technology All rights reserved. No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form by any means, mechanical or electronic, including: recording, photocopying or any storage and retrieval, without per mission in writing from WEBA Technology.

WEBA Technology 1213 N Sherman Ave #351 Madison, WI 53704 USA Tel: 608-819-8806 Fax: 608-237-2054 www.webacorp.com

Table of Contents

TECHNICAL MANUAL Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual Introduction Why Choose WEBA Technology's Heat Transfer Fluids? Applications Heavy Duty Industrial Service Applications - HVAC Applications - Food Grade Burst Protection HVAC Coolants Choose Between Ethylene Glycol-Based & Propylene Glycol-Based Coolants Available as Concentrate or Dilution Analytical Services General System Design and Equipment Considerations Operating Temperature Preparation of Existing Systems for Heat Transfer Fluids Preparation of New Systems for Heat Transfer Fluids Water Quality Considerations Safety, Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Heat Transfer Fluids 6 6 7 7 8 9 10 10 11 12 13 13 13 14 15

APPENDICES SECTION 1: Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology Ethylene Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluids 17 Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 3: Typical concentrations of ethylene glycol heat transfer uids required to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. Figure 4: Ethylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 6: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 7: Graph - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 8: Chart - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9: Film coefcients for ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 30 percent (volume). Figure 10: Film coefcients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 40 percent (volume). Figure 11: Film coefcients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 50 percent (volume).

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SECTION 2: Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology Propylene Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluids Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 3: Typical concentrations of propylene glycol heat transfer uids required to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. Figure 4: Propylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 6: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 7: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 8: Graph - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 9: Graph - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 10: Chart - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids.

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Figure 11: Film coefcients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 30 percent (volume). Figure 12: Film coefcients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 40 percent (volume). Figure 13: Film coefcients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 50 percent (volume).

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

WEBA Technology Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual Introduction

WEBA Technology has had extensive experience in the development, manufacturing, and marketing of heat transfer uids of all types. Additive packages for heat transfer uids include a light-to-medium-duty formulation for heating and air conditioning systems (comparable to a Dowfrost, Dowtherm, Ucartherm, etc., when mixed with propylene or ethylene glycol), and a heavy-duty industrial service formulation for large, stationary compressor engines, natural gas transmission line bath heaters, and other demanding applications (comparable to an Ambitrol, Norkool, etc., when mixed with glycol). WEBA Technology's ongoing research and development effort keeps our additive systems at the leading edge of technology. Our technical department routinely provides support to our customers, including annual uid sample analyses for customer uid maintenance programs, system/uid problem-solving assistance, uid selection for new systems, etc. We also provide make-up additives for customers whose uid samples indicate a need for inhibitor restoration.

Why Choose WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids?

WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids are superior to other types of coolants such as water, inhibited water, uninhibited glycols, alcohol-water systems, and automotive antifreeze in applications requiring long uid life. Conventional automotive antifreezes, for instance, typically contain certain additives that perform their functions very well within their average change-out interval of about two years. However, after a few years, such ingredients can start to have a negative effect on antifreeze performance. Silicates and oxidizing corrosion inhibitors are two of these ingredients that become troublesome over time. Silicates protect the aluminum parts which are increasingly used in automobile engines today. However, they also form gels and scale over time that restrict ow through large stationary engine cooling systems. Oxidizing corrosion inhibitors, like nitrates or nitrites, protect metal against corrosion by forming a resistant metal oxide lm, but they limit uid life by degrading glycols to glycolic acids. WEBA Technology's highquality inhibitors and additives are free of silicates and contain ingredients to control the negative effects of oxidizing corrosion inhibitors which are otherwise benecial. WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids are diluted with deionized water, eliminating the corrosive mineral salts found in city and well water supplies. The result is greater heat transfer efciency, fewer maintenance problems, and longer system life.

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Applications All-Aluminum Systems for Heavy-Duty Industrial Service (METALGUARD H80)

METALGUARD H80 is a heat transfer uid additive package that is based on organic acid technology. It was designed for multi-metal systems and also systems made entirely or partly of aluminum. Traditional heat transfer uids are usually phosphate-based (like uids made with METALGUARD H50), exhibit relatively high pH levels from 9.0-10.7, and protect aluminum at operating temperatures up to a maximum of 150F (65C). While these uids provide good protection for most HVAC systems and other heating/cooling systems made primarily of steel with some copper, cast iron and brass, they can cause great damage to all-aluminum systems operating above 150F, especially all-aluminum boiler systems. METALGUARD H80s organic acid-based formulation contains no nitrites, amines, borates or phosphates and provides a pH of 8.0-8.5 in 50% heat transfer uid. It protects all commonly used metals, including aluminum, up to at least 350F (176C), and it is compatible with most plastics and elastomers. Heat transfer uids made with METALGUARD H80 can be used in any heating/cooling system but it is the best choice for high-aluminum-content systems operating above 150F (65C). The organic acid salts used in METALGUARD H80 coat all metal surfaces for protection from corrosion. Azoles are included to supplement soft metal protection (copper, brass, solder and aluminum). Organic acid depletion rates are very slow, resulting in a uid life at least as long as phosphate-based uids without the necessity of boosting the phosphate content periodically.

Applications - HVAC Light-to-Heavy Duty (METALGUARD H50)

WEBA Technology's light-to-medium and heavy-duty heat transfer uids and additive packages (METALGUARD H50) protect equipment from corrosion with their specially formulated industrial inhibitor systems. They are widely used for secondary cooling and heating applications, for freeze and burst protection of pipes, and for a variety of deicing, defrosting, and dehumidifying applications. Specic functions include:

HVAC system freeze/burst/corrosion protection Cold room dehumidifying systems Refrigeration coil defrosting Process cooling Conveyor roller defrosting Ice skating rink refrigeration systems Process heating Air preheating Waste heat recovery Sidewalk snow melting systems Solar heating Refrigeration warehouse oor heating

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

At a treat rate of 6% METALGUARD H50 additive package in ethylene glycol is ideal for a wide variety of applications. Most common heavy-duty applications are as corrosion-inhibiting coolants for large stationary engines which drive the compressors used in the transmission of natural gas and other products through pipeline distribution systems. Nitrite can be added to your nished product to meet additional chemical requirements of some systems. Uses at the higher treat rate include:

Small eld compression units Utility combustion air preheaters Utilities using LPG bath heaters Line heaters to prevent formation of hydrates in natural gas or other hydrocarbons Electricity-producing engine generator sets in nuclear or conventional power plants, hospitals, shopping centers, or installations that require standby power Industrial diesel engines that use non-aluminum cooling systems

Applications - Food-Grade All Phosphate (METALGUARD H60)

METALGUARD H60 is a specially-formulated heat transfer uid that is used primarily with propylene glycol and is used primarily where it may come into incidental or accidental contact with food/beverage products or drinking water may occur. For example it could be used in HVAC systems, re systems, solar heating, refrigeration warehouse oor heating, sidewalk/playing eld subsurface heating/cooling, cold room dehumidication systems, cosmetic or pharmaceutical use and it makes an excellent additive package to make RV storage antifreeze. METALGUARD H60 contains only food grade or USP dipotassium phosphate. All ingredients are classied as GRAS, or generally recognized as safe, by the FDA and acceptable as food additives (Food Additives Regulations, Subparts 182 and 184). It also meets Food Chemicals Codex (Fourth Edition). The recommended operating temperature range of METALGUARD H60 is -60F to +350F (-50C to 120C). The lowest temperature to which the nished product can be exposed depends upon the amount of water with which the concentrated product is mixed (see table on page 2). METALGUARD H60 can be used to provide both freezing protection and burst protection for systems which may be exposed to very low temperatures.

Generally, WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids can be used whenever needed to provide freeze protection, minimize vaporization at high temperatures, and protect systems from boiling and corrosion.

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Burst Protection HVAC Coolants

Burst protection is required in HVAC systems when the system will remain inactive while temperatures are below the freezing point of the solution. Inhibited glycol-based coolants provide burst protection in the following manner: As the temperature falls below the freezing point of the solution, ice crystals form in the water. Consequently, the glycol becomes more concentrated while remaining uid. The result is a owable slush. The uid expands and the excess ows into the available expansion volume in the system, but the system must have enough space to allow for the expansion of the ice/slush mixture. If the glycol concentration is adequate, system damage will not occur. A 30% solution of glycol is usually sufcient to achieve burst protection, since slush will continue to exist down to -60F for ethylene glycol and down to -20F for propylene glycol at this concentration. If ice crystals cannot be permitted to form in the system, or if expansion volume is inadequate, freeze protection is required. The glycol solution must be of sufcient concentration to maintain a freezing point at least 50F below the lowest anticipated ambient air temperature in order to achieve adequate freeze protection.

Choose Between Ethylene Glycol-Based and Propylene Glycol-Based Coolants

The two primary differences between ethylene glycol- and propylene glycol-based coolants are viscosity and toxicity. Ethylene glycol-based coolants are less viscous, particularly at lower temperatures. They are generally preferred for most heat transfer applications. However, ethylene glycol is classied as hazardous by the EPA and DOT. Shipments of over 5,000 pounds in a single container must be placarded and spills of over 5,000 pounds must be reported immediately to the appropriate regulatory organization. Propylene glycol-based coolants, on the other hand, have low acute oral toxicity, in contrast to the moderate toxicity of ethylene glycol-based coolants. Therefore, they are preferred in situations where there is a possibility of contact with drinking or ground water, food or beverage products, or where their use is mandated by law. They are also more effective in reducing cavitation and erosion damage to cylinder liners of wet-sleeve diesel engines. It should also be noted that the freezing points of ethylene glycol/water solutions are generally several degrees lower than those for propylene glycol/water solutions of the same concentration.

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Available as Concentrate or Dilution

Although WEBA Technology is primarily in the business of selling additive systems, we can make nished heat transfer uid concentrates or dilutions on a request basis. The concentrate should be diluted with distilled (or deionized) water to reach the concentration (generally from 30% to 60%) that meets your freeze protection needs. Concentrations greater than 60% reduce the heat transfer capacity of the system, while concentrations less than 30% may not provide adequate protection from freezing and corrosion. If you dilute an WEBA Technology heat transfer uid with 70% water or more, you will need to add more inhibitor to properly inhibit the additional water. Pre-diluted coolants are also available in any strength to meet your requirements. These may be desirable when high-quality dilution water is unavailable, or simply when the time-saving convenience and accuracy of a pre-diluted product is preferred. WEBA Technology will assist you in determining the best type and concentration of uid for your particular system and operating conditions.

Inhibitor Package Information

WEBA Technology concentrated solutions of inhibitors and performance-enhancing additives are proven, high-quality formulations designed to provide maximum protection for equipment and systems from corrosion and glycol degradation by-products. These WEBA Technology products are used in two ways. First, inhibitor packages can be added to in-service coolant as needed based on laboratory analysis to greatly prolong the life of the coolant and reduce long-term maintenance costs. Second, heat transfer uid concentrates can be easily blended as needed by adding inhibitor packages to ethylene glycol or propylene glycol, thus eliminating inventory tie-ups of heat transfer uid that will not be used for some time. Restorative additive packages can be customized to your specic requirements based upon an analysis of a sample from your system by WEBA Technologys laboratory. Be sure to review the individual product data sheets for additional information and specication information.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Analytical Services and Technical Support

To assist our customers in attaining the longest possible coolant life, we will recommend laboratories to send samples from your nished products and report to you any corrective actions that should be taken. The analysis can include evaluation of:

color appearance irregularities glycol concentration and type glycol degradation by-products freeze point pH reserve alkalinity inhibitor types and concentrations water quality ion contamination

We will describe what specic actions should be taken if any deciencies are indicated. These actions may include:

adding glycol to maintain freeze protection increasing the pH adding inhibitor concentrate to restore specic inhibitor levels and/or the reserve alkalinity

We will also assist you in establishing the capability for conducting uid monitoring tests at your facility.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

General System Design and Equipment Considerations

WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are compatible with standard system materials of construction such as copper, brass, steel, solder, cast iron, bronze, aluminum, and most plastic piping. Galvanized steel is not recommended because the zinc coating will react with the inhibitors in the coolant and cause precipitate formation, depletion of inhibitors, and removal of the protective coating, especially at temperatures above 100F. Precipitation can also cause localized corrosion. Centrifugal pumps are commonly used with glycol-based heat transfer uids. Reciprocating pumps are necessary where uids must be pumped at high head pressures. The protection provided by inhibitors permit pumps, piping, valves, and ttings to be made of ordinary steel or ductile iron. Use of gray iron components is not recommended. Most packing and mechanical seals used for water can be used with WEBA Technology heat transfer uids. We recommend that you consult packing and seal manufacturers for materials appropriate to your application and operating temperature range. WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are compatible with most plastics and elastomers, and generally with any material that can be used with uninhibited glycols. The suitability of a particular elastomer over anticipated temperature and pressure ranges should be veried with the manufacturer before use. If coatings will be used, options include novalac-based vinyl ester resins, high-bake phenolic resins, polypropylene, and polyvinylidine uoride. Check with the manufacturer to ensure suitability before using a coating for a particular application and temperature. Bypass lters are recommended for removal of foreign solids, particularly if the solution water quality falls short of the recommended values. Filters made of non-absorbent cotton, ber, or cellulose type material may be effective for removing precipitate and sludge. Use of dissimilar metals in a system may result in galvanic corrosion and is not recommended. This occurs when the metals are in contact with or near each other in electrolytic solutions. Electrical isolation eliminates this problem.

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Operating Temperature
WEBA Technology heat transfer uids have an effective operating bulk temperature range of -50F to 350F. At temperatures below -50F, larger pumps may be needed to overcome the increased viscosity of the uids, Film temperatures should not exceed the average bulk temperature by more than 50F. Brief temperature excursions of up to 100F above the 350F recommended upper limit are tolerable, but extended exposure exceeding 50F above the limit will accelerate degradation of the glycol and inhibitor system. The pressure at all points in the system should be at least 5psi greater than the vapor pressure exerted by the coolant to avoid localized boiling and resulting precipitation. At temperatures above 150F, the system must be closed to avoid rapid evaporation of water, oxidation of the glycol, inhibitor depletion, and subsequent increased corrosion.

Preparation of Existing Systems for WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids

In existing systems, the old coolant should be thoroughly ushed from the lines and all foreign matter removed. This includes the removal of all rust, scale, sediment, silicate residue (left from uids such as automotive antifreeze), and chloride traces. For large systems or for heavily fouled or corroded systems, consult a professional industrial cleaning organization. If chemical cleaning is done, all traces of the cleaning substance must be removed and the system thoroughly ushed with water.

Preparation of New Systems for WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluids

New systems should be thoroughly cleaned of oil, grease, or protective lms which are typically used for coating during fabrication, storage, or construction. Other contaminants of new systems include dirt, solder ux, and welding and pipe scale. The system can be ushed with a solution of 1-2% trisodium phosphate in water. Once the system has been adequately prepared for use, system volume can be calculated by metering in the initial ll.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Water Quality Considerations

If WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are to be diluted with water, attention must be paid to the quality of this water. A variety of impurities contained in local water supplies in many areas of the country can result in system or engine contamination, damage, and even failure. Total hardness must fall below 300ppm (the combined maximum levels of chlorides, sulfates, calcium, and magnesium). High levels of magnesium and calcium can reduce heat transfer capabilities through the formation of deposits and scale and eventually cause engine damage. High levels of chlorides or sulfates will greatly increase metal corrosion. Chloride ions accelerate pitting of cast iron and steel components, and can also attack protective oxide lms on metal parts. They also reduce the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors and accelerate their depletion. Sulfates also contribute to pitting on cast iron and steel parts. In combination with high levels of calcium and magnesium, they contribute to the formation of hard scale, thereby reducing heat transfer efciency and leading to engine damage. Calcium bicarbonate tends to thermally decompose into calcium carbonate. This deposits on cooling system surfaces, reducing heat transfer efciency and plugging heat exchanger tubes. Calcium bicarbonate is found at especially high levels in water of the Central Plains states and at moderate levels throughout most of the rest of the United States. Central Plains water is also high in dissolved organic solids. These deposit on cooling system walls as coolant evaporates, also reducing heat transfer efciency and plugging heat exchangers. Lower levels of organic solids are found as well throughout most of the country.

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Safety, Handling, Storage, and Disposal of Heat Transfer Fluids

Toxicology - WEBA Technology Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) contain complete toxicological information for all its heat transfer uids. They should be obtained and reviewed, prior to product use, to learn the most current health and safety information related to the use of these heat transfer uids. Flammability - When mixed with water, WEBA Technology heat transfer uids are not ammable because they have no measurable ash point in concentrations up to 80% glycol. Undiluted WEBA Technology heat transfer uids have a ash point of 230F. Solutions of glycol can ignite if enough water has evaporated and the concentration of glycol exceeds 80%. Storage - WEBA Technology heat transfer uids can be safely stored in most circumstances since the materials do not readily solidify, have high ash points, and are safe to handle. However, sparks or ames should be avoided during transfer or processing operations because undiluted glycols can ignite. Tank truck shipments can be transferred to storage tanks or clean drums. METALGUARD H50 and METALGUARD H60 should always be stored above 70F. If for any reason they are allowed to get colder than 50F some of the ingredients may fall out of solution. In this case the drum will need to be heated to around 85F and stired prior to use. Tank Storage - Ordinary steel tanks are satisfactory for storing WEBA Technology heat transfer uids, although long-term storage can result in some discoloration from iron contamination. As condensation occurs in the vapor space, the presence of oxygen and the absence of inhibitor can lead to rusting. This can be minimized by closing all vents and installing breather type vents and pressure relief systems to seal out air and oxygen while protecting the tank from overpressurization. If this is not possible, coatings can be used to protect the vapor space in tanks. If storage temperatures above 10F cannot be maintained, high viscosity can cause freezing or pumping problems. The use of insulation and heat will avoid these problems.

Drum Storage - WEBA Technology heat transfer uids can be stored in the drums in which they are shipped. Because glycols are hygroscopic (water attracting), water should be prevented from contaminating the drums. If temperatures are anticipated to fall below 50F, drums should be stored in a heated building to prevent freezing or pumping problems. Environmental Considerations Ethylene glycol and propylene glycol have been found to be biodegradable and should not concentrate in common water systems. However, ethylene glycol has been classied as a hazardous material by the US EPA and DOT. Shipments of 5,000 pounds of more in one container must be placarded, and spills of 5,000 pounds or more must be immediately reported to the appropriate regulatory agency in your area. The biochemical oxygen demand approaches the theoretical oxygen demand value in the standard 20-day test period for both glycol types. However, since rapid oxygen depletion may be harmful to aquatic organisms, the possibility of spills in lakes or rivers should be avoided. Extensive testing has shown ethylene glycol and propylene glycol to be virtually nontoxic to aquatic organisms.

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Spill, Leak, and Disposal Procedures - With appropriate safety equipment, common absorbent material should be used to soak up small spills. Large spills should be pumped into suitable containers located in diked areas and residual material cleaned up with water. Concentrate can be handled according to local, state, and federal regulations. Salvage - If spent uids are not otherwise contaminated, local regulations usually permit their disposal in local sewage treatment facilities, provided these facilities are notied and prepared in advance. Aerobic bacteria easily oxidize the uids to carbon dioxide and water within the usual 20-day test period. Check with local, state, and federal authorities to determine the regulations in your area. When disposing of the additive packages themselves, be sure to reference the safety data sheet for each product and dispose of accordingly.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

SECTION 1 Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology's Ethylene Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluids
Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 3: Typical concentrations of ethylene glycol heat transfer uids required to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. Figure 4: Ethylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 6: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 7: Graph - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 8: Chart - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 9: Film coefcients for ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 30 percent (volume). Figure 10: Film coefcients for ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 40 percent (volume). Figure 11: Film coefcients for WEBA Technology ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 50 percent (volume).

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Figure 1
Freezing points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products.

+40

+4.4

+30

-1.1

+20

-6.7

+10

-12.2

0 Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol -10

-17.8

-23.3

-20
Temperature, F

-28.9

-30 Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol -40

-34.5

-40.0

-50

-45.6

-60

-51.1

-70

-56.7

10

20

30

40

50
Volume, Percent

60

70

80

90

Freezing Point The freezing points for glycols are the temperatures at which ice crystals rst form. Below these temperatures, a slushy solution of glycol ice crystals and liquid will still permit ow and provide coolant protection. However, as the temperature decreases, the slush becomes more and more viscous until solid freezing takes place.

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Figure 2
Boiling points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products.

350 340

330 320

310 300

290 280

270

260 250 Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol 240

230 Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol 220 210 200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point As liquids vaporize, pressure is exerted which increases as temperature increases. Aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures lower than water and boiling points above water. However, aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures close to that of water because of the water in the solution. Actually, the vapor pressure of the glycol by itself is much less. As a result, these solutions will tend to lose water by evaporation as temperature rises above the dew point. Because glycols are hygroscopic (attract water molecules), the uids pick up water molecules from the air and dilute the solution (lowering the boiling point) as the temperature drops below the dew point. Closed systems of course, reduce this potential problem.

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Figure 3
Typical concentrations of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol heat transfer uids required to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures.

Percent (Volume) Glycol Concentration Required For Freeze Protection Temperature F 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 For Burst Protection

Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid Ethlyene Glycol Ethlyene Glycol 16% 25 33 39 44 48 52 56 60 11% 17 22 26 30 30 30 30 30

Note It is usually prudent to select your required uid concentration by picking a temperature at least 5F below the lowest expected operating temperature. Note that if you select a solution containing less than 30% glycol, more inhibitor should be added to inhibit the additional water. Consult WEBA Technology for details.

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 4
Ethylene Glycol Concentration versus Freezing Points and Boiling Points
Wt. % Ethylene Glycol 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 32.0 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.0 37.0 38.0 39.0 40.0 41.0 42.0 43.0 44.0 45.0 46.0 47.0 48.0 49.0 50.0 51.0 52.0 53.0 54.0 55.0 56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 Vol. % Ethylene Glycol 0.0 4.4 8.9 13.6 18.1 19.2 20.1 21.0 22.0 22.9 23.9 24.8 25.8 26.7 27.7 28.7 29.6 30.6 31.6 32.6 33.5 34.5 35.5 36.5 37.5 38.5 39.5 40.5 41.5 42.5 43.5 44.5 45.5 46.6 47.6 48.6 49.6 50.6 51.6 52.7 53.7 54.7 55.7 56.8 57.8 62.8 68.3 73.6 78.9 84.3 89.7 95.0 Wt. % HTF-EG 0.0 5.2 10.5 15.7 20.9 22.0 23.0 24.1 25.1 26.2 27.2 28.3 29.3 30.4 31.4 32.5 33.5 34.6 35.6 36.6 37.7 38.7 39.8 40.8 41.9 42.9 44.0 45.0 46.1 47.1 48.2 49.2 50.2 51.3 52.4 53.4 54.5 55.5 56.4 57.6 58.6 59.7 60.7 61.8 62.8 68.0 73.3 78.5 83.8 89.0 94.2 99.5 Vol. % HTF-EG 0.0 4.6 9.3 14.2 19.0 20.1 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.2 31.0 32.0 33.1 34.1 35.1 36.1 37.2 38.2 39.3 40.3 41.4 42.4 43.5 44.5 45.5 46.6 47.6 48.8 49.8 50.9 51.9 53.0 54.0 55.2 56.2 57.3 58.3 59.5 60.5 65.8 71.5 77.1 82.6 88.3 93.9 99.5 Freezing Point F 32.0 29.4 26.2 22.2 17.9 16.8 15.9 14.9 13.7 12.7 11.4 10.4 9.2 8.0 6.7 5.4 4.2 2.9 1.4 -0.2 -1.5 -3.0 -4.5 -6.4 -8.1 -9.8 -11.7 -13.5 -15.5 -17.5 -19.8 -21.6 -23.9 -26.7 -28.9 -31.2 -33.6 -36.2 -38.8 -42.0 -44.7 -47.5 -50.0 -52.7 -54.9 * * * -52.2 -34.5 -21.6 -3.0 Boiling Point F @ 760 mm Hg 212 213 214 215 216 216 216 217 217 218 218 218 219 219 220 220 220 220 220 221 221 221 221 221 222 222 222 223 223 224 224 224 224 224 225 225 225 226 226 227 227 228 228 229 230 235 242 248 255 273 285 317 Refractive Index 72F 1.3328 1.3378 1.3428 1.3478 1.3530 1.3540 1.3551 1.3561 1.3572 1.3582 1.3593 1.3603 1.3614 1.3624 1.3635 1.3646 1.3656 1.3667 1.3678 1.3688 1.3699 1.3709 1.3720 1.3730 1.3741 1.3752 1.3763 1.3774 1.3785 1.3796 1.3807 1.3817 1.3828 1.3838 1.3849 1.3859 1.3869 1.3879 1.3890 1.3900 1.3910 1.3921 1.3931 1.3942 1.3952 1.4003 1.4055 1.4107 1.4159 1.4208 1.4255 1.4300

Freeze points are below -60F

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Figure 5
Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. (volume percent ethylene glycol)

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Figure 6
Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids (volume percent ethylene glycol).

Volume Percent Ethylene Glycol Temp. F -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0.193 0.197 0.200 0.204 0.207 0.210 0.212 0.215 0.218 0.220 0.223 0.225 0.227 0.229 0.230 0.232 0.233 0.235 0.236 0.237 0.238 0.239 0.240 0.240 0.240 0.241 0.241 0.241 60% 0.178 0.181 0.184 0.186 0.176 0.191 0.194 0.196 0.198 0.200 0.202 0.204 0.206 0.208 0.209 0.210 0.212 0.213 0.214 0.215 0.216 0.217 0.218 0.218 0.219 0.219 0.219 0.219 0.220 70% 0.167 0.170 0.172 0.174 0.176 0.178 0.180 0.182 0.183 0.185 0.186 0.188 0.189 0.190 0.192 0.193 0.194 0.195 0.196 0.197 0.197 0.198 0.199 0.199 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.200 0.201 80% 0.158 0.160 0.161 0.163 0.164 0.166 0.167 0.169 0.170 0.171 0.172 0.173 0.174 0.175 0.176 0.177 0.178 0.179 0.180 0.180 0.181 0.181 0.182 0.182 0.183 0.183 0.183 0.184 0.184 90% 0.151 0.152 0.153 0.154 0.155 0.156 0.157 0.158 0.159 0.160 0.161 0.161 0.162 0.163 0.163 0.164 0.165 0.165 0.166 0.166 0.167 0.167 0.168 0.168 0.168 0.169 0.169 0.169

0.328 0.335 0.341 0.347 0.352 0.358 0.362 0.367 0.371 0.374 0.378 0.381 0.384 0.386 0.388 0.389 0.391 0.391 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.392

0.294 0.300 0.305 0.311 0.316 0.329 0.325 0.329 0.333 0.336 0.339 0.342 0.345 0.347 0.349 0.351 0.352 0.353 0.354 0.355 0.355 0.355 0.354

0.264 0.269 0.274 0.279 0.284 0.288 0.292 0.296 0.299 0.302 0.305 0.308 0.311 0.313 0.315 0.316 0.318 0.319 0.320 0.321 0.321 0.322 0.322 0.321

0.238 0.243 0.247 0.251 0.255 0.259 0.263 0.266 0.269 0.272 0.275 0.277 0.280 0.282 0.284 0.285 0.287 0.288 0.289 0.290 0.291 0.291 0.291 0.291 0.291

0.216 0.220 0.224 0.227 0.231 0.234 0.237 0.240 0.243 0.246 0.248 0.251 0.253 0.255 0.256 0.258 0.259 0.261 0.262 0.263 0.263 0.264 0.265 0.265 0.265 0.265

= Above atmospheric boiling point

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 7
Specic heat (Btu/(lbF)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. (volume percent ethylene glycol)

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Appendix - Additive Technologies Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 8
Specific Heat (Btu/(lb F)) of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Ethylene Glycol Temp. F -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0.739 0.744 0.749 0.754 0.759 0.765 0.770 0.775 0.780 0.785 0.790 0.795 0.800 0.806 0.811 0.816 0.821 0.826 0.831 0.836 0.842 0.847 0.852 0.857 0.862 0.867 0.872 0.877 60% 0.680 0.686 0.692 0.698 0.703 0.709 0.715 0.721 0.727 0.732 0.738 0.744 0.750 0.756 0.761 0.767 0.773 0.779 0.785 0.790 0.796 0.802 0.808 0.813 0.819 0.825 0.831 0.837 0.842 70% 0.625 0.631 0.638 0.644 0.651 0.657 0.664 0.670 0.676 0.683 0.689 0.696 0.702 0.709 0.715 0.721 0.728 0.734 0.741 0.747 0.754 0.760 0.766 0.773 0.779 0.786 0.792 0.799 0.805 80% 0.567 0.574 0.581 0.588 0.595 0.603 0.610 0.617 0.624 0.631 0.638 0.645 0.652 0.659 0.666 0.673 0.680 0.687 0.694 0.702 0.709 0.716 0.723 0.730 0.737 0.744 0.751 0.758 0.765 90% 0.515 0.523 0.530 0.538 0.546 0.553 0.561 0.569 0.576 0.584 0.592 0.600 0.607 0.615 0.623 0.630 0.638 0.646 0.654 0.661 0.669 0.677 0.684 0.692 0.700 0.708 0.715 0.723

1.004 1.001 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.999 1.000 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.007 1.008 1.010 1.012 1.014

0.940 0.943 0.945 0.947 0.950 0.950 0.954 0.957 0.959 0.961 0.964 0.966 0.968 0.971 0.973 0.975 0.978 0.980 0.982 0.985 0.987 0.989 0.992

0.897 0.900 0.903 0.906 0.909 0.912 0.915 0.918 0.922 0.925 0.928 0.931 0.934 0.937 0.940 0.943 0.946 0.949 0.952 0.955 0.958 0.961 0.964 0.967

0.849 0.853 0.857 0.861 0.864 0.868 0.872 0.876 0.880 0.883 0.887 0.891 0.895 0.898 0.902 0.906 0.910 0.913 0.917 0.921 0.925 0.929 0.932 0.936 0.940

0.799 0.803 0.808 0.812 0.816 0.821 0.825 0.830 0.834 0.839 0.843 0.848 0.852 0.857 0.861 0.865 0.870 0.874 0.879 0.883 0.888 0.892 0.897 0.901 0.905 0.910

= Above atmospheric boiling point

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9
Film coefcients for WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids at 30% (volume) ethylene glycol.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 10
Film coefcients for WEBA Technology heat transfer uids at 40% (volume) ethylene glycol.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 11
Film coefcients for WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids at 50% (volume) ethylene glycol.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

SECTION 2 Physical Properties and Engineering Data for WEBA Technology's Propylene Glycol-Based Heat Transfer Fluids
Figure 1: Freezing points of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 2: Boiling points of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products. Figure 3: Typical concentrations of propylene glycol heat transfer uids required to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures. Figure 4: Propylene glycol concentration versus freezing points and boiling points. Figure 5: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 6: Graph - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 7: Chart - Thermal conductivity of aqueous solutions of WEBA Corp propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 8: Graph - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of concentrated propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 9: Graph - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of 70% heavy duty propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 10: Chart - Specic heat of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids. Figure 11: Film coefcients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 30 percent (volume). Figure 12: Film coefcients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 40 percent (volume). Figure 13: Film coefcients for propylene glycol-based heat transfer uids at 50 percent (volume).

30

31

32

33

34

35

36

37

38

39

40

41

42

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 1
Freezing points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products.

+40

+30

+20

+10

0 Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol -10

-20
Temperature, F

-30 Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol -40

-50

-60

-70

10

20

30

40

50
Volume, Percent

60

70

80

90

Freezing Point The freezing points for glycols are the temperatures at which ice crystals rst form. Below these temperatures, a slushy solution of glycol ice crystals and liquid will still permit ow and provide coolant protection. However, as the temperature decreases, the slush becomes more and more viscous until solid freezing takes place.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 2
Boiling points of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's ethylene and propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid products.

350 340

330 320

310 300

290 280

270

260 250 Heat Transfer Fluid Ethylene Glycol 240

230 Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol 220 210 200 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point As liquids vaporize, pressure is exerted which increases as temperature increases. Aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures lower than water and boiling points above water. However, aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology heat transfer uid products have vapor pressures close to that of water because of the water in the solution. Actually, the vapor pressure of the glycol by itself is much less. As a result, these solutions will tend to lose water by evaporation as temperature rises above the dew point. Because glycols are hygroscopic (attract water molecules), the uids pick up water molecules from the air and dilute the solution (lowering the boiling point) as the temperature drops below the dew point. Closed systems of course, reduce this potential problem.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 3
Typical concentrations of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol heat transfer uids required to provide freeze and burst protection at various temperatures.

Percent (Volume) Glycol Concentration Required For Freeze Protection Temperature F 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 42 46 50 54 57 60 For Burst Protection

Heat Transfer Fluid Heat Transfer Fluid Propylene Glycol Propylene Glycol 18% 29 36 28 30 33 35 35 35 12% 20 24

Note It is usually prudent to select your required uid concentration by picking a temperature at least 5F below the lowest expected operating temperature. Note that if you select a solution containing less than 30% glycol, more inhibitor should be added to inhibit the additional water. Consult WEBA Technology for details.

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 4
Propylene Glycol Concentration versus Freezing Points and Boiling Points
Wt. % Propylene Glycol 0.0 5.0 10.2 15.0 20.0 21.0 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.0 26.0 27.0 28.0 29.0 30.0 31.0 32.0 33.0 34.0 35.0 36.0 37.0 38.0 39.0 40.0 41.0 42.0 43.0 44.0 45.0 46.0 47.0 48.0 49.0 50.0 51.0 52.0 53.0 54.0 55.0 56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 Vol. % Propylene Glycol 0.0 4.8 9.6 14.5 19.4 20.4 21.4 22.4 23.4 24.4 25.3 26.4 27.4 28.4 29.4 30.4 31.4 32.4 33.5 34.4 35.5 36.5 37.5 38.5 39.6 40.6 41.6 42.6 43.7 44.7 45.7 46.8 47.8 48.9 49.9 50.9 51.9 53.0 54.0 55.0 56.0 57.0 58.0 59.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 75.0 80.0 85.0 90.0 95.0 Wt. % HTF-PG 0.0 5.2 10.5 15.7 20.9 22.0 23.0 24.0 25.1 26.1 27.2 28.2 29.3 30.3 31.4 32.4 33.5 34.5 35.5 36.6 37.6 38.7 39.7 40.8 41.8 42.9 43.9 45.0 46.0 47.0 48.1 49.1 50.2 51.2 52.3 53.3 54.4 55.4 56.5 57.5 58.5 59.6 60.6 61.7 62.7 68.0 73.2 78.4 83.6 88.9 94.1 99.3 Vol. % HTF-PG 0.0 5.0 10.0 15.1 20.3 21.3 22.4 23.4 24.5 25.5 26.5 27.6 28.6 29.7 30.7 31.8 32.8 33.9 35.0 36.0 37.1 38.2 39.2 40.3 41.4 42.4 43.5 44.5 45.7 46.7 47.8 48.9 50.0 51.1 52.2 53.2 54.3 55.4 56.5 57.5 58.5 59.6 60.6 61.7 62.7 68.0 73.2 78.4 83.6 88.9 94.1 99.3 Freezing Point F 32.0 29.1 26.1 22.9 19.2 18.3 17.6 16.6 15.6 14.7 13.7 12.6 11.5 10.4 9.2 7.9 6.6 5.3 3.9 2.4 0.8 -0.8 -2.4 -4.2 -6.0 -7.8 -9.8 -11.8 -13.9 -16.1 -18.3 -20.7 -23.1 -25.7 -28.3 -31.0 -33.8 -36.7 -39.7 -42.8 -46.0 -49.3 -52.7 -56.2 -59.9 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0 <-60.0 Boiling Point F @ 760 mm Hg 212 212 212 212 213 213 213 213 213 214 214 214 215 215 216 216 216 216 216 217 217 217 218 218 219 219 219 219 219 220 220 220 221 221 222 222 222 223 223 223 223 224 224 224 225 227 230 237 245 257 270 310 Refractive Index 72F 1.3328 1.3383 1.3438 1.3495 1.3555 1.3567 1.3579 1.3591 1.3603 1.3615 1.3627 1.3639 1.3651 1.3663 1.3675 1.3687 1.3698 1.3710 1.3721 1.3733 1.3744 1.3756 1.3767 1.3779 1.3790 1.3802 1.3813 1.3825 1.3836 1.3847 1.3858 1.3870 1.3881 1.3892 1.3903 1.3914 1.3924 1.3935 1.3945 1.3956 1.3966 1.3977 1.3987 1.3998 1.4008 1.4058 1.4104 1.4150 1.4193 1.4235 1.4275 1.4315

Typical properties are not to be confused with specifications. For additional protection, select a temperature in the above table that is at least 5F lower than the expected lowest ambient temperature. When using solutions of less than 30% glycol, adjust inhibitor levels. For additional information and specific case assistance contact WEBA Corp laboratory services

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 5
Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based heat transfer uid concentrate. (volume percent propylene glycol)

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 6
Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based 70% heavy duty heat transfer uid. (volume percent propylene glycol)

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 7
Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Propylene Glycol Temp. F -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 325 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0.188 0.191 0.194 0.196 0.199 0.201 0.204 0.206 0.208 0.210 0.211 0.213 0.214 0.215 0.217 0.218 0.218 0.219 0.220 0.220 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.221 0.220 0.220 0.220 0.219 0.218 0.217 0.216 0.215 0.214 0.212 0.211 0.210 60% 0.171 0.174 0.176 0.178 0.179 0.181 0.183 0.184 0.186 0.187 0.188 0.189 0.190 0.191 0.192 0.193 0.193 0.194 0.194 0.194 0.195 0.195 0.195 0.194 0.194 0.194 0.193 0.193 0.192 0.191 0.191 0.190 0.188 0.187 0.186 0.185 0.184 70% 0.159 0.160 0.161 0.162 0.163 0.164 0.165 0.166 0.167 0.168 0.168 0.169 0.169 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.171 0.171 0.171 0.171 0.170 0.170 0.170 0.169 0.169 0.168 0.168 0.167 0.166 0.166 0.165 0.164 0.163 0.162 0.160 0.160 80% 0.147 0.148 0.148 0.149 0.149 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.151 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.150 0.149 0.149 0.148 0.148 0.147 0.147 0.146 0.146 0.145 90% 0.137 0.137 0.136 0.136 0.136 0.136 0.135 0.135 0.135 0.134 0.134 0.134 0.133 0.133 0.132 0.132 0.131 0.131 0.130 0.130 0.129 0.129 0.128 0.127 0.127 0.126 0.125 0.125 0.124

0.328 0.335 0.341 0.347 0.352 0.358 0.362 0.367 0.371 0.374 0.378 0.381 0.384 0.386 0.388 0.389 0.391 0.391 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.392 0.391 0.389 0.388 0.386 0.384 0.381 0.378 0.376

0.293 0.299 0.304 0.310 0.315 0.319 0.323 0.327 0.331 0.334 0.338 0.340 0.343 0.345 0.347 0.348 0.350 0.351 0.351 0.352 0.352 0.351 0.351 0.359 0.349 0.347 0.346 0.344 0.341 0.339 0.337

0.262 0.267 0.272 0.277 0.281 0.285 0.289 0.292 0.295 0.298 0.301 0.304 0.306 0.308 0.309 0.311 0.312 0.313 0.314 0.314 0.314 0.314 0.314 0.314 0.313 0.312 0.310 0.309 0.307 0.305 0.302 0.301

0.235 0.239 0.243 0.247 0.251 0.254 0.258 0.261 0.263 0.266 0.268 0.270 0.272 0.274 0.276 0.277 0.278 0.279 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.280 0.279 0.278 0.277 0.276 0.275 0.273 0.271 0.269 0.268

0.211 0.215 0.218 0.222 0.225 0.227 0.230 0.233 0.235 0.237 0.239 0.241 0.243 0.244 0.245 0.246 0.247 0.248 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.249 0.248 0.247 0.246 0.245 0.244 0.242 0.241 0.239 0.238

= Above atmospheric boiling point

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 8
Thermal conductivity (Btu/(hrft2)(F/ft)) of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based concentrate and 70% heavy duty heat transfer uid.

37

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 9
Specic Heat (Btu/(lbF/ft))of aqueous solutions of WEBA Technology's propylene glycol-based concentrate and 70% heavy duty heat transfer uid. (volume percent propylene glycol)

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WEBA Technology Corp Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 10
Specific Heat (Btu/(lb F)) of aqueous solutions of propylene glycol-based heat transfer fluids.

Volume Percent Propylene Glycol Temp. F -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 325 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 0.758 0.764 0.770 0.776 0.782 0.788 0.794 0.800 0.806 0.812 0.818 0.824 0.830 0.836 0.842 0.848 0.854 0.860 0.866 0.872 0.878 0.884 0.890 0.896 0.902 0.908 0.914 0.920 0.926 0.932 0.938 0.944 0.950 0.956 0.962 0.965 60% 0.684 0.691 0.698 0.705 0.712 0.719 0.727 0.734 0.741 0.748 0.755 0.762 0.769 0.776 0.783 0.791 0.798 0.805 0.812 0.819 0.826 0.833 0.840 0.847 0.855 0.862 0.869 0.876 0.883 0.890 0.897 0.904 0.912 0.912 0.926 0.933 0.936 70% 0.608 0.616 0.625 0.633 0.641 0.649 0.658 0.666 0.674 0.682 0.691 0.699 0.707 0.715 0.724 0.732 0.740 0.748 0.756 0.765 0.773 0.781 0.789 0.798 0.806 0.814 0.822 0.831 0.839 0.847 0.855 0.864 0.872 0.880 0.888 0.897 0.901 80% 0.615 0.623 0.630 0.637 0.645 0.652 0.660 0.667 0.674 0.682 0.689 0.696 0.704 0.711 0.718 0.726 0.733 0.740 0.748 0.755 0.762 0.770 0.777 0.784 0.792 0.799 0.806 0.814 0.821 90% 0.542 0.550 0.558 0.566 0.574 0.583 0.591 0.599 0.607 0.615 0.623 0.631 0.639 0.647 0.656 0.664 0.672 0.680 0.688 0.696 0.704 0.712 0.720 0.729 0.737 0.745 0.753 0.761 0.769

1.004 1.001 1.000 0.999 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.999 0.999 0.100 1.001 1.002 1.003 1.004 1.005 1.007 1.008 1.010 1.012 1.014 1.017 1.019 1.022 1.025 1.029 1.032 1.036 1.038

0.969 0.970 0.972 0.973 0.975 0.976 0.978 0.979 0.981 0.982 0.984 0.985 0.987 0.988 0.990 0.991 0.993 0.994 0.996 0.997 0.999 0.100 0.002 1.005 1.008 1.011 1.013 1.016 1.019 1.022 1.025

0.929 0.932 0.935 0.937 0.940 0.943 0.945 0.948 0.951 0.953 0.956 0.959 0.961 0.964 0.967 0.969 0.972 0.975 0.977 0.980 0.983 0.985 0.988 0.991 0.993 0.996 0.999 1.001 1.004 1.007 1.009 1.011

0.882 0.886 0.890 0.894 0.897 0.901 0.905 0.909 0.913 0.916 0.920 0.924 0.928 0.932 0.935 0.939 0.943 0.947 0.951 0.954 0.958 0.962 0.966 0.970 0.973 0.977 0.981 0.985 0.989 0.992 0.996 1.000 1.002

0.827 0.832 0.837 0.842 0.847 0.852 0.857 0.862 0.867 0.871 0.876 0.881 0.886 0.891 0.896 0.901 0.906 0.911 0.916 0.920 0.925 0.930 0.935 0.940 0.945 0.950 0.955 0.960 0.965 0.969 0.974 0.979 0.984 0.987

= Above atmospheric boiling point

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 11
Film coefcients for WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids at 30% (volume) propylene glycol.

40

WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 12
Film coefcients for WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids at 40% (volume) propylene glycol.

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WEBA Technology Heat Transfer Fluid Technical Manual

Figure 13
Film coefcients for WEBA Technology's heat transfer uids at 50% (volume) propylene glycol.

42