Lydia Strickland Christine Svrcina

Works Cited

Primary Sources: An Appeal to the World - Exhibitions. Library of Congress. myLoc.gov. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This website from the Library of Congress displayed a petition from the African Americans that focuses on the denial of the rights and privileges of citizenship to African Americans. This shows there were a few bumps in the road while creating the UDHR, and this source provides the perspective of not yet receiving the universal human rights. This source is credible because it is an official document of the petition. Bunche, Ralph. Ralph Bunche on the United Nations. 2013. The History Channel website. Oct 12 2013, 1:19. This audio clip was a recording of Ralph Bunche, who played a large part in drafting the UN Charter, explaining the significance of the United Nations in international events and crises. The History Channel is a well-known and trusted network, and this specific source is a first-hand account from a closely associated person. Therefore, the source is credible and relevant to the topic of human rights.

Bunche, Ralph Johnson. Ralph J. Bunche: Selected Speeches and Writings. University of Michigan Press, 1995. Print. A book written by Ralph Bunche, this source offered first-hand opinion and experience pertaining to the doings of the United Nations and their striving towards an international human rights standard. It was very helpful in providing me with detailed ideas from the time period and from someone closely involved in the development of the UDHR. It was also a credible source of information.

Charles Malik addressing the General Assembly. 9 Dec. 1968. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photo shows the former President of the General Assembly, Charles Malik, addressing the General Assembly at a special meeting to mark the twentieth anniversary of the UDHR in New York on December 9, 1968. It shows in what great regard the UDHR was held after its creation.

Charles Malik, Elliot Roosevelt, and Eleanor Roosevelt. 1 Apr. 1951. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. On April 1, 1951 the UN had their seventh session of the Comission on Human Rights in Geneva. It shows Eleanor Roosevelt finalizing ideas with others. It shows her determination to complete the UDHR and it shows she doesn't lose hope after so many sessions. Again, it shows Eleanor Roosevelt as a major contributor to the creation of the UDHR.

Children and the UDHR. Dec. 1950. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photograph taken of the children in the United Nations International Nursery school, New York, shows that children benefited from the UDHR that they are holding in the picture. The UDHR affected children and helped them gain their rights just like many others the UDHR benefited.

Danchin, Peter. Preamble 2: World War II AtrocitiesFour Freedoms. Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Columbia University. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. This website provided in depth description and analysis of the cause of the UDHR. It also made available two informative interviews with Professor Louis Henkin concerning the significance of the Holocaust to the movement to protect human rights and the definition and protection of economic and social rights as human rights. It is a credible source.

Davies, Ernest. Excerpt of statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 181st and 183rd Plenary Meeting, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 10 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. Ernest Davies describes that the assembly has committed no small task in the making of the UDHR. More than fifty nations, with different systems of government, different legal and social structure, and differing religions and philosophies, have come together and agreed upon the articles in the declaration. This source provided a lot of details concerning the opinions of those involved in the making of the UDHR. It is a credible source.

Dr. Ralph J. Bunche. 1950. WOLB Baltimore: Black History. Wolbbaltimore.com. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This is a picture of Ralph Bunche for our website, showing our audience that he was an African- American that stood beyond most and stood up for what he believed in. Also he was a sophisticated and intelligent African-American as well.

Early Draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This is a photo of an early draft version of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. It shows that the first write up wasn't perfect and going through many drafts was necessary to have a concise and accurate declaration that is the new and standing firm UDHR.

Eleanor Roosevelt and Carlos Romulo. 15 Nov. 1947. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. The UDHR went through a second session of the General Assembly on November 15, 1947 in Flushing Meadows, New York. In this picture Eleanor Roosevelt is again pushing her idea forward. The UDHR will be a success because of her drive to set it in motion by bringing it to sessions and explaining it to the people

Eleanor Roosevelt and Charles Malik interviewed by Sonny Fox. 26 Nov. 1958. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photo shows, on November 26, 1958, Eleanor Roosevelt and the President of the 13 session of the United Nations General Assembly, Charles Malik, being interviewed by the regular host and commentator for a weekly UN-television series Dateline: UN, Sonny Fox. It shows what a great impact Mrs. Roosevelt and those working with the UN were having on the public.
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Eleanor Roosevelt and Vladimir Koretsky shaking hands. 9 June. 1947. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. In this photograph taken at Lake Success, New York shows the first meeting of the drafting committee on the International Bill of Rights. It shows Eleanor giving hand-shakes and looking them in the eye, which shows respect on her part and responsibility of getting the UDHR approved. The UDHR is important to her and she would want everyone to feel the same way as she does about it.

Eleanor Roosevelt, Nasrollah Entezam, and Marian Anderson. 10 Dec. 1950. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photograph taken at Metropolitan Opera House, New York shows many people getting together celebrating Human Rights Day. In the picture it clearly shows Eleanor excited about this day, and it shows all her efforts paid off. The creation of the UDHR was successful.

Eleanor Roosevelt and Ren Cassin interviewed. 16 June. 1947. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. The discussion on the International Bill of Rights on the radio roundtable in this photo shows that this bill is created for the people and Eleanor Roosevelt (in the middle of the picture) is ready to get feedback and explain the International Bill of Rights. With her determination and will she is ready to let the world know a standard will be set for human rights.

Eleanor Roosevelt and the UDHR. 1 Nov. 1949. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photograph taken of Eleanor Roosevelt holding the UDHR at Lake Success, New York displays that she is proud of what she has done. The creation of the UDHR has been completed and is ready to be implemented. It also shows Eleanor was a key contributor to the birth of the UDHR.

Eleanor Roosevelt.1946. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This is a photograph of Eleanor Roosevelt in Lake Success, New York. It taken around the time period of her work at the UN. It captures her determination and will to stand up for what she believes in.

Evatt, H.V. Excerpt of statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Third General Assembly, 183rd Plenary Meeting. 10 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. Following the adoption of the UDHR, H.V. Evatt addresses the General Assembly and recognizes that the adoption of the UDHR is the first step towards the protection of the people of the world. He congratulates those who contributed to the development of the UDHR and recognizes Eleanor Roosevelt as well as a few others who assisted. This video provided a new perspectiveone from the eyes of others in the United Nations. It is a credible source.

Evatt, H.V. President of the General Assembly. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Third General Assembly, 183rd Plenary Meeting. 10 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. President of the General Assembly, H.V. Evatt, puts to vote the draft resolution as a whole. The UDHR is adopted and a roll call is taken. This all is recorded in this video on December 10, 1948. This source is credible.

Fifth session of the Human Rights Commission. 6 June. 1949. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photograph taken at Lake Success, New York, displays Eleanor Roosevelt's determination to implement the UDHR. It is also the fifth session of the Human Rights Commission that shows it wasn't just one on the spot idea, but any idea that gone through much development to what it is today.

First meeting of the Drafting Committee. 9 June. 1947. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. In this photo it shows a crowded first meeting of the Drafting Committee on the International Bill of Rights in the UN in Lake Success, New York. It shows many people wanted to participate and complete the UDHR and help benefit everyone around the world.

Frazao. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eighth Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. In this video, representative for Brazil, Mr. Frazao, explained that the UDHR contributed to the growing eagerness for economic development and social progress. It had positively influenced the decisions of various nations and was still doing so. This source is credible.

Henri Laugier, Jan Stanczyk, Eleanor Roosevelt. 27 Jan. 1947. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photo shows Eleanor Roosevelt taking the time to explain and discuss the UDHR one on one in the first session of the commission on human rights. It shows she listens to other people's view and further clarifies her idea.

Hodgson, William. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Human Rights Commission, Lake Success, NY. 9 June. 1947. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. This clip shows Australian representative William Hodgson addressing the chairman. Eleanor Roosevelt, explaining the first decision made by the Human Rights Commission. This is a credible source.

Humphrey. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eight Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. 11 Oct. 2013. Mr. Humphrey explains the cause of the development of the UDHR, relating strongly to World War II and events preceding the World War II. He goes into detail about the process of development of the UDHR as well as the additional parts of the International Bill of Rights. This is a credible source.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, G.A. Res. 2200A (XXI), 21 U.N. GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 52, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 999 U.N.T.S. 171, Entered into Force Mar. 23, 1976. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This is a covenant and was sent out to the states parties to present, but it would need to be ratified by the states first to be applied (this further supports the UDHR.) It came after the UDHR and shows how the UDHR impacted the people around the world. Over all this covenant covers and clarifies the civil and political freedoms of an individual and their duties that derive from the inherent dignity of the human person. This is a credible source.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, G.A. res.2200A (XXI), 21 U.N.GAOR Supp. (No. 16) at 49, U.N. Doc. A/6316 (1966), 993 U.N.T.S. 3, Entered into Force Jan. 3, 1976. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This is a covenant and was sent out to the states parties to present, and clarifies through articles the economic, social, and cultural rights, freedoms and duties of an individual that derive from the inherent dignity of the human person. This covenant supports the UDHR and will need to be ratified by the states first to be applied. Also this is a credible source.

Jews from the Lodz Ghetto Loaded onto Freight Trains for Deportation to the Chelmno Extermination Camp. 1942. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Lodz, Poland. 20 Oct. 2013. This photo shows the Jews were treated as animals, forced onto cattle cars to ship them to the Chelmno extermination camp. This photo shows that their human rights were violated and this lead to the creation of the UDHR.

Malik, Charles. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 180th Plenary Meeting, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 9 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013.

In this clip, Charles Malik talks about the purpose he would like the UDHR to serve, and how the assembly must act in order for them to accomplish that goal successfully. He speaks of the effects the UDHR may have on the public. This source is credible.

Marshall, George. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 139th Plenary Meeting, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 23 Sept. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013 In this clip, George Marshall describes the intentions of the UN and of the meeting. It provided background information on the UN. This is a credible source.

Morse, Bradford. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eight Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. Video. 11 Oct. 2013 Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs for the United States of America, Bradford Morse, speaks as a representative sharing the United States approval of and dedication to the UDHR. This shows that even after 25 years, the UDHR is still held in high regard and is having positive effects on global well-being. This is a credible source.

Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200A (XXI) of 16 December 1966 entry into force 23 March 1976, in accordance with Article 9. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This Optional Protocol gave political significance to the UDHR and its impacts. It is part of the process of protecting human rights that the UDHR played a primary role in. This is a credible source.

Pile of dead prisoners. 1945. Franklin Delano Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, Germany. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. This photo is of a large pile of dead prisoners from German concentration camps during World War II. It shows what great scale of death and destruction of human rights occurred during the war and the Holocaust. It shows the need of a standard for human rights. This is a credible source.

Ralph Bunche with Eleanor Roosevelt. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.

This is a picture of Eleanor Roosevelt and Ralph Bunche together on the PBS website. They both are credited for helping create the UDHR because they were major contributors. They also worked with each other. This is a credible source.

Ramgoolam, Seewoosagur. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eighth Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. In this video, Seewoosagur Ramgoolam presents a review of his nation, claiming to not be free of all racial discrimination problems, but still a peaceable people and nation, exercising their best efforts to solve their problems and abide by the UDHR. This provided an example of the application of the UDHR, and was a credible source.

Ramphul. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eighth Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. Mr. Ramphul, a member of the United Nations, presents his thoughts and concerns on the UDHR and the difficulty with which the additional parts of the International Bill of Rights were adopted as well as their implementation in the present. This source provided an opinion that highlighted the incompetence of human rights actions, and was a credible source of information.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. Introductory Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Human Rights Commission, Lake Success, NY. 9 June. 1947. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. In this video, Eleanor Roosevelt opens the Human Rights Commission, explaining the purpose of the meeting and how the UDHR will be developed (and explaining the recordings). This is a very credible source, allowing us to experience directly the Human Rights Commission.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Human Rights Commission, Lake Success, NY. 9 June. 1947. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. Here, Eleanor Roosevelt opened the meeting of drafting Committee of the Commission on Human Rights. She announced that the Committee was meeting to draw up a preliminary bill for human rights. This is a credible source.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 180th Plenary Meeting, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 9 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013.

Eleanor Roosevelt continues the meeting, following Charles Malik. She reviews the document that had been developed and touches on parts she believes may be improved upon. She establishes that the document represents each person who has contributed to it and the fact that not one of them may have it exactly as they please. Mrs. Roosevelt closes, reminding the assembly of the call to action George Marshall began the meeting with. This is a very credible source.

Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty. Adopted and proclaimed by General Assembly resolution 44/128 of 15 December 1989. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This is the Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. It played a significant role in securing the protection of human rights that the Human Rights Commission was aiming for. This is a credible source.

Truman, Harry. Truman on the United Nations Charter. 2013. The History Channel website. 13 Nov. 2013, 3:49. This is an audio recording of President Harry Truman describing the challenges facing the newly formed United Nations to those attending the UN Charter conference in San Francisco on April 25, 1945. It is a credible source, shedding light on Trumans involvement in the UN.

Two Young Brothers Are Seated for a Family Photograph in the Kovno Ghetto. 1944. This photo shows two young Jewish children in a Kovno, Lithuania ghetto during WWII. These children were later deported and killed at a nearby concentration camp. It shows how dirty they are and their surroundings. This is another example of how what happened in WWII led to the creation of the UDHR.

United States Chairman Eleanor Roosevelt and J.P. Humphrey. 8 June. 1948. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Legal.un.org. Web. 11 Oct. 2013. This photograph shows Eleanor as chairman in the third session of the Human Rights Commission on June 4, 1948. Again, Eleanor Roosevelt is stepping up for what she believes in and will not let go. Her determination is what brought the birth of the UDHR, and shows she was a main contributor to the UDHR.

The United States Democratic Review Volume 0024 Issue 130 (April 1849). Web. 15 Aug. 2013.Aug.

This image defines human rights and divine rights. It clarifies any confusion of the two, and helps people understand the importance of protecting our human rights. This is a credible source.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights In six cross-cutting themes. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. United Nations. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. This web page describes a number of themes presented by the UDHR that should be implemented into daily life of all. They are broad categories of what the UDHR protects and aims to encourage. This is a credible source.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights History. United Nations. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This source is a digital copy of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations. It is the exact official type, and is a credible source of information.

United Nations. Charter of the United Nations: Preamble. United Nations. 1945. Web. 14 2013.

Sept.

The Charter of the United Nations is an official governmental document. It proves credible. Its significance to my topic of the UDHR is great, as the United Nations were the creators of it.

United Nations. Fact Sheet No.2 (Rev.1), the International Bill of Human Rights. June 1996. This source goes into the causes and effects of the International Bill of Rights as a whole as well as the development of each part (which includes the UDHR). It includes outlines of conferences and official documentation of the bills. Therefore, it proves credible.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This is a photograph of the UDHR document that will be useful to show each article of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

Waldheim, Kurt. Statement. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eight Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. Here, Secretary-General Kurt Waldheim establishes the purpose of the meeting as to commemorate an event of historical significance and to have those present dedicate themselves to the UDHR again. This source is credible.

139th Plenary Meeting. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 139th Plenary Meeting, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 23 Sept. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. This video shows the arrival of Eleanor Roosevelt, and those others attending the third session of the General Assembly, and their preparing for the assembly. This source is credible.

180th and 181st Plenary Meetings. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 180th and 181st Plenary Meetings, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 9-10 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. This video shows the proceedings of the 180th and 181st Plenary Meetings, which concerned the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Their focus was on the purpose they wished it to serve, the purpose they presumed it would serve, and how to meet their goals. This is a credible and informative source.

181st and 183rd Plenary Meetings. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law. Third Session of the General Assembly, 181st and 183rd Plenary Meetings, Palais de Chaillot, Paris, France. 10 Dec. 1948. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. This video show the acceptance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, and it being an expression of world opinion to what, in that day and age, human rights should be, and what cause the assembly to make it so far in the development of a universal standard of human rights. This is a very credible source.

2195th Plenary Meeting. United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, Twenty-eighth Session of the General Assembly, 2195th Plenary Meeting, New York, United States. 10 Dec. 1973. Video. 11 Oct. 2013. This video captures a special meeting to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the UDHR. It is recognized as a highly honored and regarded document, the first in history to formally establish the inalienable human rights of all individuals. This is a credible source

Secondary Sources:

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man. Human Rights Library. University of Minnesota, 1992. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This is a digital copy of the American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, adopted in 1948. It includes the human rights standards for American peoples, which were comparable to the international human rights standards. This is a credible source of information.

Anderson, Carol. The Role of Human Rights Over the Course of History. Facing History and Ourselves. 27 July. 2012. Video. 21 Nov. 2013. This video discusses different aspects of civil and human rights in the United States, addressing the beginning of the human rights movement and its role in history. This is a credible source.

Bahmueller, Charles. Human Rights Violations. Ipswich: Salem Press, 2002. 15 Aug. 2013. Print. This book focused on rights violations throughout history, paying close attention to major assaults on rights, and made clear the need for the protection of human rights. This was a credible source of information.

Bailey, Peter. The Creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Universal Rights. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This source is directly related and significant to my topic. It provided key background information on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as went into great detail of each article and its meaning and implementation.

Biography of Eleanor Roosevelt. Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This website from Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum provided information on Eleanor Roosevelt, and further described her correlation with the UN because she was a major figure involved with the development of the UDHR. This detailed biographical

article gave me information about all aspects of Eleanor's life. Also, this source is credible and unbiased.

Bulut, Aslihan. Human Rights Research Guide. Columbia Law School. Columbia University, 7 Feb. 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This page provided extensive information on the history of human rights as well as human rights relating to law and life today. It gave different perspectives and new sources. This is a credible source.

Cartooning for Human Rights. Cartooning for Peace, 2006. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. This exhibit, Cartooning for Human Rights (Dessins pour la Paix), was started by an organization called Cartooning for Peace, based in France, and comprised of over a hundred cartoon artists. They have dedicated themselves to promoting peace and the protection of human rights through their art. These hundreds of pieces of art deeply analyze peace, freedom, human rights (and the lack thereof) through a fresh lens, freely exercising their freedom of expression. This is a credible and informative source. It was incredibly useful in inspiring analysis of human right today.

Creation of UN Commission on Human Rights. 21 June 1946. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This website outlines the document that preceded the UDHR. It was part of the foundation of the global human rights movement. It is a credible source of information.

Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Web. 13 Aug. 2013. This website provides a PDF that directly ties Eleanor Roosevelt to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, (UDHR) which is useful. The PDF explains the events before the creation of the UDHR and later explains the creation and drafting process of the UDHR. This source explains how the UDHR benefited the world and was a cornerstone of the modern human rights movement. Also this source is credible and is unbiased because it clearly states facts and quotes.

Franklin, Joshua D. Drury University: What Caused Holocaust? Drury University. 1998. Web. 12 Sept. 2013.

This website is hosted by Drury University, and explores the history of the Holocaust, specifically addressing its causes. Although a website, the source proves credible.

Glendon, Mary Ann. A World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Random House LLC, 2001. Print. This book addresses the issue of human rights, going into detail about the UDHR and Eleanor Roosevelt's involvement in it. It was a valued and reliable source, printed in 2001.

Humphrey, John P. International Bill of Rights: Scope and Implementation, the. Wm. & Mary L. Rev. 17 (1975): 527. Print. The book by John P. Humphrey addresses the International Bill of Rights as a whole, and the effects in society thereof. This includes the UDHR, which was the first part of the International Bill of Rights. It is credible and a very detailed source.

Loescher, Gil. Human Rights: a Global Crisis. 1st Ed. New York: Dutton, 1978. Print. This source was used often, and goes into detail about human rights in the world (set before and during the 1970s). It proved to be a credible source of information.

The Holocaust. The History Channel website. 2013. Web. 13 Sept. 2013. Hosted by the History Channel, this website is credible. It provides background information of the causes of the Holocaust, as well as in-depth information concerning its occurrence. The Holocaust is in direct relation to the creation of the UDHR.

Human Rights and Decolonization: New Perspectives and Open Questions | Penn Press: Humanity. 15 July 2013. Web. 30 Aug. 2013. This website explains how World War II brought the birth of the UDHR and what UDHR is. This source provides a different interpretation how the UDHR and decolonization are tied together. I would say this source is biased because it is comparing their own opinion with another's about how the UDHR affects decolonization. Otherwise this source is credible and provides another way the UDHR affects everyone.

Human Rights. United Nations Publications, 2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This website is the official Human Rights website hosted by the United Nations. It is kept updated with current events relating to human rights, and brought to light the ever-present need of human rights protection. This is a credible source of information.

THE IMPACT OF THE UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS ON THE STUDY OF HIS... Web. 13 Aug. 2013. This website provides a PDF by Antoon De Baets that clearly and thoroughly explains the rights provided by the UDHR and its impact on the study of history. This source also provides the consequences and limitations among these rights and duties of the UDHR. Antoon provides a well-rounded perspective of the UDHR, and it makes this source credible.

Ishay, Micheline. The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2004. Print. Taking a modern approach to the topic of human rights, the book by Micheline Ishay proved a useful source of information. It covered information dating as far back as Greek myth and as recent as the twenty-first century. This was a credible source.

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights Is Created. Salem Press. 12 Aug. 1959. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. The information on this page provided us with additional background knowledge concerning human rights, pertaining specifically to the Americas. This was a reliable and credible source.

International Bill of Human Rights. CFR. Council on Foreign Relations, Dec 1969. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This webpage gave an overview of the Internatoinal Bill of Rights, touching on key aspects of the bill. It also provided other useful sources. This is a credible source.

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. CFR. Council on Foreign Relations, 23 Mar. 1976. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.

This page provided background information one of the two additional parts of the International Bill of Rights, following the UDHR. It informed us on the basics of the covenant. This is a credible source.

International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. CFR. Council on Foreign Relations, 3 Jan. 1976. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. By reading this page, we learned more about the context of the UDHR and how protecting human rights continued to be sought after. This source is credible.

International Human Rights. Electronic Information System for International Law. American Society of International Law, 2013. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This source provided a lot of information pertaining to the topic of international human rights as a whole. It also made available many primary and secondary sources pertaining to the International Bill of Human Rights. This is a credible source.

International League for the Rights of Man is Founded. Salem Press. 1942. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This webpage provided great background information, laying a foundation in tour knowledge of the subject of human rights. This was a credible source.

Interview with Sir Brian Urquhart - P. 5 of 8. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website helped us understand our topic more and further describes the UDHR in depth that also matches our previous research. This source is credible and reassures our other sources, but is biased because it has first person phrases in the website from the interview.

Khare, Subhas. Human Rights and United Nations. New Delhi: Metropolitan Book Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1977. Print. This book written by Subhas Chandra Khare proposed the significance of human rights to the peaceable existence and development of the human race. It also provided examples of rights violations and different nations efforts in attempting to protect the rights. It provided detail and background information. This was a credible source.

Lerner, Adrienne. UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Human and Civil Rights: Essential Primary Sources. Gale, 2006. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This source provided an overview of the development of the UDHR, primary sources, and the significance of its development. This is a credible source.

Manasian, David. Fiftieth Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. World History in Context. 2006. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This website showed an article written by David Manasian, Senior Editor of The Economist, on December 3, 1998. It includes an introduction to the UDHR and human rights, history, and significance of the topic. This source provided a lot of detail and was credible.

Mertus, Julie. Glossary of Human Rights Terms. American University. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. The Glossary of Human Rights Terms broadened our knowledge of background information pertaining to human rights. It was a useful source of information that granted further understanding of human rights. It is a credible source.

Mitoma, Glenn. Human Rights and the Negotiation of American Power. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013. Print. We were able to gain a lot of insight from this book, as it provided new information, taking the familiar facts (and additional information) and analyzing them in a modern perspective, with relation to the world and America today. This book was a credible source of information.

Nickel, James. Human Rights. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Dec 27. 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This essay on human rights went into great detail concerning what human rights are and their incorporation into the world today. It provided insight, depth in analysis, and specific detail. It is a credible source of information.

Official UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights Home Page. Web. 7 Nov. 2013.

This website was split into two different tabs about our topic and further explained the purpose of the UDHR document. This website also matches up with the information we found in our previous research. This source is credible and unbiased because it from an official site the United Nations Human Rights Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights.

Picker, Jean. The United Nations: What You Should Know About It. New York: Interchange, 1971. Print. This book gave us an interestingly different view of the United Nations. Rather than promoting its acts, this book gave a more negative approach, criticizing its wrongs. This was a credible source of information, used to gain perspective and background knowledge.

Ralph Bunche Biography - Ralph Bunche Life, Childhood, Timeline. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website provides a through bibliography on Ralph Bunche and helps us understand his upbringing, his career, and what he did for the United Nations. It also came with a timeline of his life, that helped to clear any confusion we had with what and when with what he did in his life. This website is credible and unbiased.

Ralph Bunche - Biographical. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website explains his Nobel Peace prize Ralph Bunche won, and explains his life. This website is credible and reassures all the information we got from other websites with bibliographies about him are correct. This is unbiased and further connects him with the UN throughout his career.

Ralph Bunche Noble Peace Prize: Ralph Bunche Becomes 1st Person Of Color To Win Nobel Peace Prize On This Day in 1950 | News One. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website provides a video of Ralph Bunche's life story and explains how he and Eleanor Roosevelt were credited for helping to create the UDHR. He was the first AfricanAmerican to earn a PhD in political science from an American university, too. This source goes further in depth about his life after the he helped create the UDHR, and this is a credible source.

Ralph Bunche | The Scholar Activist | Human Rights and Civil Rights. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website quotes from and interview with Ernest Gross, Former US Ambassador to the United Nations that fully explains Ralph Bunche's involvement in human rights, because in other sources they were not as clear as this source. This source is credible.

Ralph Bunche. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website provides a bibliography on Ralph Bunche and helps us understand him and how he helped the UDHR.

The Reasons for the Holocaust. Holocaust: A Call to Conscience. 2009. Web. 12 Sept. 2013. This website was used to gather background information of the Holocaust, specifically about the causes. This helped to form my argument concerning the Holocaust and human rights violations. It was a credible source of information.

Responding to Complex Humanitarian Crises and Massive Abuses of Human Rights SPEECH. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This website that provides a PDF is significant to my topic and is credible. It provides background information leading up to the international bill of rights as well as its meaning and implementation. It also further describes the covenants and its purpose, but it states they lacked in implementation.

Robinson, Jerry. Sketching Human Rights Cartoon Exhibit. UN Department of Public Information, Office of High Commissioner for Human Rights, 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2013. This exhibit expresses the ideas and opinions the public has concerning human rights today, as well as in the past. It provided new information and displayed human rights differently. It is a credible source, as it is highly regarded and sponsored by the United Nations.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. This I Remember. Westport: Greenwood Publishing Group, 1975. Print. This book is an autobiography written by Eleanor Roosevelt. It gave us context on the lives and ideas of both Eleanor and Theodore Roosevelt, and their motivation to develop protection of human rights. It covers the years from 1920 to spring of 1945. It was a credible source of information. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Franklin D. Roosevelt, the Four Freedoms Address to Congress. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. In this source, Franklin D. Roosevelt addresses the public and the subject of freedom. This includes the ideal of human rights. Being the president of his time, this is a credible source.

Smith, Arnold. Review of: Human Rights and the United Nations: A Great Adventure by John P. Humphrey. International Journal 40.3 (1985): 552554. JSTOR. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This journal by John P. Humphrey discloses the key aspects of the evolution of recognizing the role and rights of individuals. He mentions background information of when human rights began to be recognized leading up to the UDHR. This is a very credible source because he was a former law professor at McGill University, and was the first director (1946-66) of the United Nations Secretariat's Division of Human Rights.

Steiner, Henry. Securing Human Rights. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This Harvard Magazine clearly explained the purpose and importance of universal human rights. Also it provided information of effects of the UDHR after it went into effect, and further described how meeting the standard of universal human rights is difficult but necessary. This is a credible and very informative source. Tapp, Robert. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Still Ahead of Its Time? The Humanist. Humanist Dec. 2008. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This magazine from the Humanist helped me understand the circumstances that brought up the UHDR, the importance of the document to the world, and how we as people need to take action to protect our rights. This source is credible and is informative. UDHR - History of Human Rights. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website by Peter Bailey clearly explains how the UDHR lead to two covenants International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This website also further explains and matches our previous research. This source is credible.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights. CFR. Council on Foreign Relations, Dec 1969. Web. 15 Oct. 2013. This page provided many details on the history and development of the UDHR. It helped us to gain plentiful background knowledge as well as specific details. It is a credible source.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights History. United Nations. Web. 14 Sept. 2013. This source is a digital copy of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the United Nations. It is the exact official type, and is a credible source of information.

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights | John Humphrey Centre for Peace and Human Rights. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This website provided me with clear information about the UHDR and its impact. It also gave me information of the conventions that came after the UHDR, and the history of human rights. This information confirmed all the other information I have collected, and this source is credible.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) (1948) -- Encyclopedia Britannica. Web. 7 Nov. 2013. This website goes in depth about Ralph Bunche. Further explaining his up bringing to when he won the Nobel Peace prize. Understanding what he did for the UDHR helped us find out he played a major role in the UDHR just like Eleanor Roosevelt. This website is biased because the author talks in first person, but it is credible.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 | Humanium for Childrens Rights. Web. 2 Nov. 2013. This website provides information on the UDHR and its origins. Also it describes the purpose and importance of the document which backs up all the information that I have been collecting. This website also clarifies what is a human right. This website is credible.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights: 1948-2008. 60th Anniversary Universal Declaration of Human Rights. UN Department of Public Information, 2008. Web. 15 Nov. 2013. This website included useful quotes that pertained to development and implementation of the UDHR. It also highlighted the great regard with which the international world still hold the document. This is a credible source.

Weston, Burns. Human Rights. Britannica School. Web. 15 Aug. 2013. This webpage gave extensive information about human rights, including the history and significance of them, and their protection. This was a great source of background information, reliable and credible.

World War II. The History Channel website. 2013. Web. 12 Sept. 2013.

This source on the History Channel website provides a summary and in-depth information on World War Two. World War Two was caused directly by the Holocaust, and is significant to the creation of the UDHR. It is a credible and well-known source of information.

THE 40S - Cold War Timeline. Cold War Museum. The Cold War Museum. Web. 20 October 2013. This timeline explained events that were part of the cold war which occurred during the creation of the UDHR, and it helped us understand what was going on during that time period.