Banking Overview

The major participants of the Indian financial system are the commercial banks, the financial institutions (FIs), encompassing term-lending institutions, investment institutions, specialized financial institutions and the state-level development banks, Non-Bank Financial Companies (NBFCs) and other market intermediaries such as the stock brokers and money-lenders. The commercial banks and certain variants of NBFCs are among the oldest of the market participants. The FIs, on the other hand, are relatively new entities in the financial market place. Historical perspective Bank of Hindustan, set up in 1870, was the earliest Indian Bank . Banking in India on modern lines started with the establishment of three presidency banks under Presidency Bank's act 1876 i.e. Bank of Calcutta, Bank of Bombay and Bank of Madras. In 1921, all presidency banks were amalgamated to form the Imperial Bank of India. Imperial bank carried out limited central banking functions also prior to establishment of RBI. It engaged in all types of commercial banking business except dealing in foreign exchange. Resrve Bank of India Act was passed in 1934 & Reserve Bank of India (RBI) was constituted as an apex bank without major government ownership. Banking Regulations Act was passed in 1949. This regulation brought Reserve Bank of India under government control. Under the act, RBI got wide ranging powers for supervision & control of banks. The Act also vested licensing powers & the authority to conduct inspections in RBI.

In 1955, RBI acquired control of the Imperial Bank of India, which was renamed as State Bank of India. In 1959, SBI took over control of eight private banks floated in the erstwhile princely states, making them as its 100% subsidiaries. RBI was empowered in 1960, to force compulsory merger of weak banks with the strong ones. The total number of banks was thus reduced from 566 in 1951 to 85 in 1969. In July 1969, government nationalised 14 banks having deposits of Rs.50 crores & above. In 1980, government acquired 6 more banks with deposits of more than Rs.200 crores. Nationalisation of banks was to make them play the role of catalytic agents for economic growth. The Narsimham Committee report suggested wide ranging reforms for the banking sector in 1992 to introduce internationally accepted banking practices. The amendment of Banking Regulation Act in 1993 saw the entry of new private sector banks. Banking Segment in India functions under the umbrella of Reserve Bank of India - the regulatory, central bank. This segment broadly consists of: 1. Commercial Banks 2. Co-operative Banks

Commercial Banks
The commercial banking structure in India consists of: Scheduled Commercial Banks Unscheduled Banks Scheduled commercial Banks constitute those banks which have been included in the Second Schedule of Reserve Bank of India(RBI) Act, 1934. RBI in turn includes only those banks in this schedule which satisfy the criteria laid down vide section 42 (60 of the Act. Some co-operative banks are scheduled commercial banks albeit not all co-operative banks are. Being a part of the second schedule confers some benefits to the bank in terms of access to accomodation by RBI during the times of liquidity constraints. At the same time, however, this status also subjects the bank certain conditions and obligation towards the reserve regulations of RBI. For the purpose of assessment of performance of banks, the Reserve Bank of India categorise them as public sector banks, old private sector banks, new private sector banks and foreign banks.

his sub sector can broadly be classified into: 1. Public sector 2. Private sector 3. Foreign banks CLICK HERE FOR ...Complete directory of banks in India Public sector banks have either the Government of India or Reserve Bank of India as the majority shareholder. This segment comprises of: State Bank of India (SBI)and its Subsidiaries Other Nationalized Banks

ABOUT STATE BANK OF INDIA Top Management Shri.O. P. Bhatt, Chairman, State Bank of India Shri S.K. Bhattacharyya, MD & CC&RO, State Bank of India Corporate Office State Bank Bhavan, P. B. No. 12 Madame Cama Road, Mumbai 400 021 Tel No: 022-22022426 (EPBX) Fax No: 022-22831647, 22040073, 22851391, 22852708

The State Bank of India has been, over the years, the flagship of Indian banking. State Bank of India is the largest bank in India in terms of profits, assets, deposits, branches and employees. With a network of over 9,000 branches in India and 51 foreign offices in 32 countries, the Bank commands about one-fifth of the total deposits and loans in all scheduled commercial banks in the country. State Bank of India is the successor to Imperial Bank of India. The latter was established in 1921 with the amalgamation of three Presidency Banks of Bombay, Bengal and Madras. State Bank of India came into being on 1.7.1955 through the State Bank of India Act, 1955. The Banks of erstwhile princely states of India joined the State Bank Group as subsidiaries under the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act 1959. Over the years, the Bank has expanded rapidly . The Reserve Bank of India is the single largest shareholder of the Bank (with 59.73% stockholding followed by 14.1% NRI/FIIs, 11.8% financial institutions, 11.1% individuals and remaining with mutual funds and corporates). SBI's shares and bonds are listed for trading on all the major Indian stock exchanges. Its GDR is listed on the Luxembourg Stock Exchange. With a view to inculcating transparency in banking transactions and for providing information to customers, the Bank launched a Citizen's Charter in the form of the Code of Fair Banking Practices together with the General Terms and Conditions of Service. Appropriately named, 'Towards Excellence' Code reflects the Bank's commitment to provide service of the highest order and serves as a document of self-discipline. ASSOCIATE BANKS State Bank of India has the following seven Associate Banks (ABs) with controlling interest ranging from 75% to 100%. State Bank of Bikaner and Jaipur (SBBJ) State Bank of Hyderabad (SBH) State Bank of Indore (SBIr) State Bank of Mysore (SBM) State Bank of Patiala (SBP) State Bank of Saurashtra (SBS) State Bank of Travancore (SBT)

. Allahabad Bank 2. Andhra Bank -

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3. Bank of Baroda 4. Bank of India -

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5. Bank of Maharashtra 6. Canara Bank -

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7. Central Bank of India 8. Corporation Bank 9. Dena Bank -

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10. Indian Bank -

Categories
There are two main categories of the co-operative banks. (a) short term lending oriented co-operative Banks - within this category there are three sub categories of banks viz state co-operative banks, District cooperative banks and Primary Agricultural co-operative societies. (b) long term lending oriented co-operative Banks - within the second category there are land development banks at three levels state level, district level and village level.

The co-operative banking structure in India is divided into following main 5 categories : 1. Primary Urban Co-op Banks: 2. Primary Agricultural Credit Societies: 3. District Central Co-op Banks: 4, State Co-operative Banks: 5. Land Development Banks:

Banking Basics

Banking Regulation Act of India, 1949 defines Banking as "accepting, for the purpose of lending or investment of deposits of money from the public, repayable on demand or otherwise and withdrawable by cheques, draft, order or otherwise." Most of the activities a Bank performs are derived from the above definition. In addition, Banks are allowed to perform certain activities which are ancillary to this business of

accepting deposits and lending. A bank's relationship with the public, therefore, revolves around accepting deposits and lending money. Another activity which is assuming increasing importance is transfer of money - both domestic and foreign - from one place to another. This activity is generally known as "remittance business" in banking parlance. The so called forex (foreign exchange) business is largely a part of remittance albeit it involves buying and selling of foreign currencies. The law governing Banking Activities in India is called "Negotiable Instruments Act 1881". The banking activities can be classified as : Accepting Deposits from public/others (Deposits) Lending money to public (Loans) Transferring money from one place to another (Remittances) Acting as trustees Acting as intermediaries Keeping valuables in safe custody Collection Business Government business Bank Account A Bank Account is the record of financial relationship a customer has with the Bank. It contains details of all the moneys deposited with the Bank and withdrawn from it. There are many Bank accounts, but basically there are two types: DEPOSITS LOANS

Accepting deposits is one of the two major activities of the Banks. Banks are also called custodians of public money. Basically, the money is accepted as deposit for safe keeping. But since the Banks use this money to earn interest from people who need money, Banks share a part of this interest with the depositors. The quantum of interest depends upon the tenor - length of time for which the depositor wishes to keep the money with the Bank - and the ease of withdrawal. The thumb rule is, longer the tenor, higher the rate of interest and lesser the restrictions on withdrawal, lesser the interest. Exceptions, however, exist. Deposits are accepted from both resident (domestic) or non-resident Indian customers. It is the business of the banker to accept deposits so that he can lend it to others and earn interest. Depending upon the liquidity position of the market and the size of deposit, the earnings can vary and if the size of the deposit is big enough, it is advisable to shop around and get the best rate.

Type of deposit accounts (Domestic Customers) 1. 2. Fixed Deposit Accounts Demand Deposits o Savings Account

Current account

Most of the other products offered by the Banks viz. Recurring Deposit Account, Multi Option Deposit Account, Special Term Deposit Accounts, Current Fixed Account etc. are essentially combinations of the above basic type of accounts and are packaged by different Banks to attract different groups of customers.