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Table of Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Scope of the topic............................................................................................................................ 3 Motivation and Concentration of students .................................................................................... 4 Positive effects of sport ................................................................................................................... 5 Relation between sport and the academic success of students ..................................................... 6 Outlook ............................................................................................................................................ 7
Declaration
In addition to motivation, concentration is also an influential factor for students success.8 Educational research shows that disappointing academic results are quite often attributed to a lack of motivation or concentration, rather than to missing competences.9 The ability to concentrate is the deciding factor in school, university and the professional world. However lots of students have difficulties to concentrate. Analyses have founded various things that affect attentiveness disorder, for instance a lack of self-discipline, intrinsic or extrinsic avocation, stress or physical ailment. In contrast there are also many things that can improve the concentration of students, for example control of intrinsic and extrinsic impulse, ideal study technique, support of family and friend as well as physical well being.10 Consequently it is very likely that sport has also an impact on students concentration, because it is linked to physical well being. In the next chapter the positive effects of sport will be explained.
2 3
Cf. Schunk, D.H et al (2009): p.4. Cf. Perrot, L.J et al. (2001): p.1. 4 Cf. Lens, W. et al. (2005): p.275. 5 Steinmayr, R. a. Spinath, B.,(2007):p.208. 6 Cf. Steinmayr, R. a. Spinath, B.,(2007):p.207ff. 7 Cf. Steinmayr, R. a. Spinath, B.,(2007):p.207ff. 8 Cf. Leopold-Wildburger, U. and Schtze, J. (2010): p. 13ff. 9 Cf. Lens, W., et al. (2005): p.275. 10 Cf. Kaltwasser, V. (2008),p: 45ff.
11 12
Cf. Peffer, I. (2010): p. 6. Cf. Hottenrott, K. a. Neumann, G. (2008) p. 186 ff. 13 Cf. Boos, A. (2010): p. 100. 14 Cf. Findeisen, D.G.R, (1994),: p. 9. 15 Cf. Peffer, I. (201c0): p. 8 ff. 16 Cf. Findeisen, D.G.R, (1994): p. 146. 17 Cf. Fuchs, R. (2003): p. 93 ff.
18 19
Cf. Meinhardt, M. (2009): Online in the Internet. Cf. Nitsch, J.R. et al. (1981): p 528 ff. 20 Cf. Podbregar, N. et al. (2007): Online in the Internet. 21 Cf. Findeisen, D.G.R. (1994): p. 119.
5. Outlook
All in all it can be said, that sport has a huge implicit on the students behavior and their academic success.22 Chapter two outlines the effects of sport it improves the physical and psychological well being in many different ways.23 However this increase of the individual well being is only effective, if the athletic activity is practiced regularly. Moreover it is most effective with endurance sport.24 The goal of this work was to show the relationship between sport and the motivation and concentration of students. As demonstrated in chapter one, motivation and concentration are two characteristics, which are largely responsible for students academic achievement.25 Proved by several studies, there is no doubt that the concentration of students improves by continuous exercising.26 In contrast, there exist no study that shows the direct link of sport and motivation of students. However, students are obviously higher motivated, if they are healthy, fit and can concentrate well on their tasks. Additionally negative feelings, for instance, exhaustion, depression or stress get controlled by doing sport.27 Subsequently the students have fewer problems and their motivation to success in their studies increases. In summary, regular exercise enhance the motivation of students, but in an indirect way.
22 23
Cf. Podbregar, N. et al. (2007): Online in the Internet. Cf. Peffer, I. (2010): p. 6. 24 Cf. Hottenrott, K. a. Neumann, G. (2008): p. 186 ff. 25 Cf. Lens, W. et al. (2005): p.275. 26 Cf. Meinhardt, M. (2009): Online in the Internet. 27 Cf. Peffer, I. (2010): p. 8 ff.
Articles:
Boos, A. (2010): Bewegung und Gedchtnis. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Engeser, S. et al. (2005): Motivation, Flow-Erleben und Lernleistung in universitren Lernsettings. Zeitschrift fr Pdagogische Psychologie, Bern, Verlag Hans Huber Lens, W. et al. (2005): Study persistence and academic achievement as a function of the type of competing tendencies. European Journal of Education, Volume 3, 275 -287 Leopold-Wildburger, U. a. Schtze, J. (2010): Motivation und Konzentration, Berlin, Springerverlag McCaughtery, N. a. Rovegno I. (2001): Meaning and Movement: Exploring the Deep Connections to Education, Studies in Philosophy and Education, 20: 489-505, Kluwer Academic Publishers Moser, K. A. (2010): Die Effekte des Sporttreibens auf die kognitive Leistungsfhigkeit im schulischen Kontext. Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwrde der Wirtschafts- und Verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Fakultt der Albert-Ludwigs-Universitt Freiburg i. Br.
Perrot, L.J. et al. (2001): Measuring Student Motivation in Health Professions Colleges. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 6: 193-203, Kluwer Academic Publishers. Steinmayr, R. a. Spinath, B. (2007): Predicting School Achievement from Motivation and Personality. Zeitschrift fr Pdagogische Psychologie, 21, 207-216 Tomporowski, P.D. et al. (2007): Exercise and Childrens Intelligence, Cognition and Academic Achievement, Springer Science and Business Media
Internet Sources:
Meinhardt, M. (2009): Bewegung bringt das Gehirn auf Trab. Nov 1st 2012 http://www.ard.de/mensch-alltag/sport-gehirnleistung//id=918676/vv=print/pv=print/nid=918676/did=1031858/8notde/index.html Podbregar, N. et al, (2007): Sport macht schlau: Studie belegt positive Wirkung sportlicher Aktivitten auf den Bildungserfolg. Nov 1st 2012 http://www.scinexx.de/wissen-aktuell-7399-2007-11-15.html