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SEI / ASCE 37-02 Standard

Design Loads on Structures During Construction

Presented by

Robert T. Ratay, Ph.D., P.E. John F. Duntemann, P.E., S.E.

2006 IABSE Symposium

Budapest, Hungary

September 13-15, 2006

SEI / ASCE 37-02

The Standard was developed over a period of fourteen years by the Design Loads on Structures During Construction Standard Committee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division (CSAD) of the Structural Engineering Institute, and of the Codes and Standards Activities Committee (CSAC) of ASCE.

BACKGROUND

cont.

More failures occur during construction than after completion !

BACKGROUND
More failures occur during construction than after completion !

cont.

Reasons: Non-adherence to good practices Break-down of organization management communication Lack of good design standards

BACKGROUND
Current design codes and standards are mostly silent on construction loads, or give general performance requirements only

cont.

BACKGROUND

end

Standards by themselves will not eliminate construction failures

(they will not substitute for experience, good judgment and care)

BUT

standards will provide minimum criteria for safety and desired performance

DEVELOPMENT

cont.

Six subcommittees formed in Spring of 1989 (corresponding to the six chapters of the proposed Standard) 1. Purpose and Scope 2. Loads and Load Combinations 3. Dead and Live Loads 4. Construction Loads 5. Lateral Earth Pressures 6. Environmental Loads

STANDARDS PROCESS

cont.

Followed ANSI-approved rules for consensus standards

TITLE PAGE SEI / ASCE 37-02

SEI/ASCE 37-02

SEI/ASCE STANDARD

Design Loads Structures During Constructio

on

Structural Engineering Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 GENERAL
1.1 Purpose 1.2 Scope 1.3 Basic Requirements

Primary

cont.

2.0 LOADS AND LOAD COMBINATIONS

2.1 Loads Specified 2.2 Load Combinations and Load Factors for Strength Design 2.3 Allowable Stress Design

3.0 DEAD AND LIVE LOADS

3.1 Dead Loads 3.2 Live Loads

TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.0 CONSTRUCTION LOADS
4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 General Requirements Material Loads Personnel and Equipment Load Horizontal Construction Load CH Erection and Fitting Forces, CF Equipment Reactions, CR Form Pressure Application of Loads

Primary

cont.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Primary

end

5.0 LATERAL EARTH PRESSURES

5.1 Definition 5.2 Determination of Lateral Earth Pressure

6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Importance Factor Wind Thermal Loads Snow Loads Earthquake

6.6 Rain 6.7 Ice

SCOPE
This standard addresses partially completed structures, and temporary structures used during construction.

PURPOSE
To provide minimum design load requirements during construction for buildings and other structures.

OBJECTIVE
To establish design loads, load combinations and safety factors to be used in the analysis and design of structures during transient stages of construction, as well as temporary structures used in construction operations.

WHAT IS NEW ?
The construction loads, load combinations and load factors herein account for the often short duration of loading, and for the variability of temporary loads.

LEVEL OF SAFETY
The design loads shall provide for a level of safety of partially completed structures, and temporary structures used in construction, that is comparable to the level of safety of completed structures.

DESIGN RESPONSIBILITY
The standard does not specify who the responsible party is for the design of temporary structures or temporary supports or for the temporary use of incomplete structures.

ALTERNATE STANDARDS
When a construction loading is covered in a document, acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction, written to address a specific material or method of construction, the more applicable document shall be permitted to be followed.

BASIS OF LOADS
Bases of construction loads are probabilistic analyses observation of construction practices expert opinions

cont.

BASIS OF LOADS
Basis of environmental loads is

end

ASCE 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

with modification factors for reduced exposure periods

CONSTRUCTION LOADS
CONSTRUCTION LOADS: those loads imposed on a partially completed or temporary structure during and as a result of the construction process .

PURPOSE
The purpose of the environmental loads section is to define loads that are appropriate for the short duration of the temporary condition.

OBJECTIVE
to provide a level of safety during construction that is comparable to that of the completed structure.

LOADS CONSIDERED
Wind Thermal Snow Earthquake Rain Ice

WIND LOADS Depends on the Construction Period which is defined as: the time interval from first erection to structural completion of each independent structural system, including installation of cladding.

WIND LOADS
Factors applied to wind speeds: Construction Period < 6 weeks 6 weeks to 1 year 1 to 2 years 2 to 5 years Factor on Speed 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9

WIND LOADS
For Construction Periods less than 6 weeks: Factors less that 0.75 can be justified based on statistical analyses

SNOW LOADS
Need not be applied if construction period does not extend to winter Approach needs to be reviewed if construction period shifts

EARTHQUAKE LOADS
To be considered when required by: The Authority Having Jurisdiction The Owner The Engineer of Record

EARTHQUAKE LOADS
Design base: ASCE 7-95 Appropriate alternate standard
AASHTO, CALTRANS, etc.

EARTHQUAKE LOADS
Need not be considered when: The effective peak ground acceleration, Aa, does not exceed 0.15
In most of the East

LOADS AND COMBINATIONS

Wide range of loading types Only a relative few need to be considered in any given situation

LRFD AND ASD

Provisions for both Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) and Allowable Stress Design (ASD)

BASIS OF LOADS
Basis of construction loads are Observation of construction practices Engineering judgment Consensus

and, to a lesser extent, probabilistic analyses.

MAX AND A.P.T. LOADS Maximum values of loads Arbitrary point-in-time values of loads

BASIS OF LOAD FACTORS

Initial selection of load factors based on
ASCE7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures

Modified by probabilistic analyses and expert opinions to account for uncertainty in actual loads, correlated loads, and mutually exclusive loads.

DEAD AND LIVE LOAD FACTORS

Load Maximum value 0.9 (when counteracting
wind or seismic loads)

Arbitrary point-in-time ----

Dead loads (D) and (CD)

1.4 (when combined with only construction and material loads) 1.2 (for all other combinations) Live load (L) 1.6 ---0.5

CONSTRUCTION LOAD FACTORS

Load
Fixed material load (CFML) Variable material load (CVML) Worker and light equipment load (CW) Lateral pressure of concrete (CC) Lateral earth pressure (CEH) Horizontal construction load (CH) Erection and fitting force (CF) Equipment reaction (CR) Maximum value Arbitrary point-in-time

1.2 ---by analysis 1.4 1.6 0.5 1.3 (full head) ---1.5 (other) 1.6 ---1.6 0.5 by analysis 2.0 2.0 (unrated) 0 0 1.6 (rated)

ENVIRONMENTAL LOAD FACTORS

Load
Wind load (W) Thermal load (T) Snow load ( S) Earthquake load (E) Rain load (R) Ice load (I) Maximum value 1.3 1.4 1.6 1.0 1.6 1.6 Arbitrary point-in-time 0.5 ---0.5 ----------

QUESTIONS ?
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