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 International Journal of
 
Technology Management& SustainableDevelopment
ISSN 1474-2748
7.1
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The International Journal of TechnologyManagement & Sustainable Development
Volume 7 Number 1
The
International Journal of Technology Management & SustainableDevelopment
(IJTM&SD) is a refereed academic journal dedicated to publishing high quality, original and research-based papers addressing issues arising from the relationship between technologyand development. It seeks to provide expert and interdisciplinaryinsight into the technology dimension of international development,and by doing so, aims to advance contemporary knowledge about the empirical and theoretical aspects of technology management and sustainable development from the vantage point of developingcountries.
Editorial Advisory Board
P. B. Anand University of Bradford, UK  John Bessant University of London, Imperial College, UK Ajit S. Bhalla Genève, Switzerland Calestous Juma Harvard University, USAHenry Etzkowitz Newcastle University, UKMichael Gibbons University of Sussex, Science Policy Research Unit, UK Andrew Hall UNU-INTECH, Maastricht, Netherlands Paul Hyland The University of Queensland School of Natural and Rural Systems Management, Australia Eric Hyman African Development Foundation, Washington D.C., USA John Kirkland Association of Commonwealth Universities, UK  Jean-Michel Larrasquet ESTIA – Technopole Izarbel, France  John Mugabe NEPAD Science & Technology Commission, Pretoria, South Africa Lynn Mytelka UNU-INTECH, Maastricht, Netherlands Alejandro Nadal El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico  John Rice University of Canberra, Australia  Joyce Tait University of Edinburgh, UK Italo Trevisan Universita Degli Studi Di Trento, Italy  Judi Wakhungu African Centre for Technology Studies, Kenya David Wield Open University, UK José Manoel Carvalho de MelloUniversidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil
The International Journal of Technology Management & Sustainable Development ispublished three times per year by Intellect, The Mill, Parnall Road, Bristol, BS16 3JG. Thecurrent subscription rates are £33 (personal) and £210 (institutional). A postage charge of £9 is made forsubscriptions of Europe (outside UK) and £12 for the rest of the world.Enquiries and bookings for advertising should be addressed to the Marketing Manager atThe Mill, Parnall Road, Bristol, BS16 3JG.© 2008 Intellect Ltd. Authorisation to photocopy items for internal or personal use or theinternal or personal use of specific clients is granted by Intellect Ltd for libraries and otherusers registered with the Copyright Licensing Agency (CLA) in the UK or the CopyrightClearance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service in the USA provided that the basefee is paid directly to the relevant organisation.
Editors
Mohammed Saad
University of the West of England, School of Operations Management, Bristol Business School, Bristol BS16 1QY, UKE-mail: Mohammed.Saad@uwe.ac.uk
Girma Zawdie
David Livingstone Centre forSustainability (DLCS), University of Strathclyde,Glasgow G4 0NG, UKE-mail: g.zawdie@strath.ac.uk
Associate Editor
Norman G Clark
African Centre of Technology Studies(ACTS) Nairobi Kenya E-mail:norman18542@yahoo.co.uk
Reviews Editor
 James Smith
Centre of African Studies and ESRC Innogen Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square, Edinburgh, Scotland. EH8 9LD, UK. E-mail: james.smith@ed.ac.uk
Editorial Assistant
Frances Jefferies
Quality Assurance Administrator, Bristol Business School, 2C13, University of the West of England,Bristol BS16 1QY, UKTel: + 44 (0)117 328 5204E-mail: Frances.Jefferies@uwe.ac.ukArticles appearing in this journal areabstracted and indexed in INSPEC,CAB Abstracts and CAB Healthdatabases.Printed and bound in Great Britain by4edge, UKISSN 1474-2748
 
Authors should use British spellings:¬ise endings (as in recognise), labour(instead of labor), etc. Quotations of five lines or more should be indented.Percentages: 10 per cent in text, 10%in notes; numbers should be writtenout in words and not in numeralswhen in single digit – i.e. five per centinstead of 5 per cent.IJTM&SD uses the Harvard style of referencing. References should beindicated within round brackets in thetext including surname(s) of author(s),year of publication and page numberswhere necessary – for example: (Rao2000:11), or in the case of multiplereferences, (Lall 1982, Dahlman et al.1987: 760), etc. Details of referencesshould be given in full in the list of references at the end of the article, andthe list of references should bealphabetically ordered. Full referenceshould include all authors’ names andinitials (i.e. no et als), date of publica-tion, title of paper bounded withinsingle quotes, title of publication(italics), volume and issue number (inthe case of journals), place of publica-tionand name of publisher (in the caseof books and conference proceedings),and page numbers. For example:Burns, T. and Stalker, G. (1995), ‘TheSocial Context of Innovation,’ in Roy,Robin and Wield, David (eds.),
ProductDesign and Technological Innovation
,Milton Keynes: Open University Press,pp. 10–17.Dahlman, C.J., Ross-Larson, B. andWestphal, L.E. (1987), ‘ManagingTechnological Development: Lessonsfrom Newly Industrialising Countries,’
World Development
, 15:6, pp. 759–75.Lundvall, B.A. (ed.) (1992),
NationalSystems of Innovation and InteractiveLearning
, London: Pinter.Rao, P.K. (2000),
Sustainable Development:Economics and Policy
, Oxford: Blackwell.
Notes for Contributors
The International Journal of TechnologyManagement & Sustainable Development
(IJTM&SD) is a refereed journalpublished three times a year (April,August and December). Articlessubmitted to the Journal should beoriginal and should not be underconsideration for any other publicationat the same time. If another version of the article is under consideration byanother publication, or has been, orwill be published elsewhere, authorsshould clearly indicate this at the timeof submission. Previous presentation ata conference or publication in anotherlanguage should be disclosed. Articlesaccepted for publication in the Journalbecome the property of the publisher. Itis a condition of acceptance thatcopyrights of the article belong to thepublisher.Authors wishing to publish inIJTM&SD should send their articles inthree hard copies (together with a diskcopy where possible) to the Editors of the Journal on the addresses shownbelow. Manuscripts should be submit-ted on A4 or similar size paper,typewritten on one side only, double-spaced and with a wide margin on theleft. All pages (including thosecontaining only diagrams and tables)should be numbered consecutively. Alldiagrams, charts and graphs should bereferred to as ‘figures’ and consecu-tively numbered. Tables should be keptto a minimum and contain onlyessential data. Each figure and tablemust be given an Arabic numeral,followed by a heading. Tables andfigures are superfluous if not referredto in the text. Notes should benumbered consecutively throughoutthe article with a raised numeralcorresponding to the list of notesplaced at the end of the article. Notesshould be short and succinct andshould be used only where consideredessential.There is no standard length for articles,but 5,000 words (including notes andreferences) should form a useful target.The complete typescript should be setin the following order: title; author(s)(footnoting institutional affiliations, fulladdress including emails at the bottomof the page); abstract (indented anditalicised) summarising the mainarguments and conclusions of thearticle in no more than 150 words;keywords in approximately ten words;text; acknowledgements; endnotes; andreferences (alphabetically set). Authorsare responsible for ensuring that theirmanuscripts conform to the styleadopted by the Journal. The Editorswillnot retype manuscripts beforepublication.Following acceptance for publication,articles (revised or otherwise) should besubmitted on high density 3.5 inchdisks in Word or Rich Text Formattogether with two hard copies. Tofacilitate the typesetting process, alltables and figures should be placed atthe end of the file, duly indicatingwhere they should be inserted in thetext. If maps and diagrams cannot beprepared electronically, they should bepresented on good-quality white paper.Each disk should be labelled with the Journal’s name, article title, leadauthor’s name and software used. It isthe author’s responsibility to ensurethat where copyright materials areincluded within an article the permis-sionof the copyright holder has beenobtained. Confirmation of this shouldbe provided upon final submission.The publisher shall furnish authors of accepted papers with proofs for thecorrection of printing errors. Thepublisher shall not be held responsiblefor errors which are the result of theauthor’s oversights.Authors are entitled to a copy of theissue of the Journal in which theirarticles are published.
Manuscripts and editorial communications:
Dr Mohammed Saad
, University of the West of England, School of Operations Management, Bristol Business School, Bristol, BS16 1QY, UK. E-mail: Mohammed.Saad@uwe.ac.uk
Dr Girma Zawdie,
David Livingstone Centre for Sustainability (DLCS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG, UK. E-mail: g.zawdie@strath.ac.uk.
Books for review:
Dr James Smith
, Centre of African Studies and ESRC Innogen Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, 21 George Square,Edinburgh, Scotland. EH8 9LD, UK.E-mail:james.smith@ed.ac.uk

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