9.

1: a)

1.50 m 2.50 m

0.60 rad 34.4 .

b) c)

(14.0 cm) (128 )( rad 180 )

6.27 cm.

(1.50 m)(0.70rad) 1.05m.

9.2: a) b)

1900
(35

rev min

2 rad 1 min 199 rad s. rev 60 s rad 180 ) (199 rad s) 3.07 10 3 s.

9.3: a) z

dz dt

(12.0rad s3 ) t, so at t 3.5s, 42 rad s2. The angular acceleration

is proportional to the time, so the average angular acceleration between any two times is the arithmetic average of the angular accelerations. b) z (6.0 rad s 3 )t 2 , so at t 3.5s, z 73.5rad s. The angular velocity is not linear function of time, so the average angular velocity is not the arithmetic average or the angular velocity at the midpoint of the interval.
dz dt

9.4: b)

a)

z (t)

2 t ( 1.60 rad s3 )t.

z (3.0 s) ( 1.60 rad s3 )(3.0 s)

z

4.80rad s2.

av

(3.0 s) (0) 3.0 s

2.20 rad s 5.00 rad s 3.0 s

2.40 rad s2.,

3.0 s.

which is half as large (in magnitude) as the acceleration at t

9.5: a) z

3t 2 (0.400 rad s) (0.036rad s3 )t 2 b) At t 0, z .50rad 0.400rad s. c) At t 5.00s, z 1.3 rad s, 3.50 rad, so av z 35.00 0.70rad s. s

The acceleration is not constant, but increasing, so the angular velocity is larger than the average angular velocity.

9.6: z

(250 rad s) (40.0 rad s2 )t (4.50 rad s3 )t 2 , z (40.0 rad s2 ) (9.00rad s3 )t. a) Setting z 0 resultsin a quadraticin t; the only positive time at which z 0 is t 4.23s. b) At t 4.23s, z 78.1rad s2 . c) At t 4.23s, 586 rad 93.3rev. rad d) At t 0, z 250rad s. e) av z 586 138 rad s. 4.23s
d dt

9.7: a) z

2bt 3ct 2 and z

dwz dt

2b 6ct. b) Setting z

0, t

b 3c

9.8: (a) The angular acceleration is positive, since the angular velocity increases steadily from a negative value to a positive value. (b) The angular acceleration is

0 t

8.00 rad s ( 6.00 rad s) 2.00 rad s2 7.00 s

Thus it takes 3.00 seconds for the wheel to stop (z 0) . During this time its speed is decreasing. For the next 4.00 s its speed is increasing from 0 rad s to 8.00rad s . (c) We have

1 2

t2

2 2 0 ( 6.00 rad s) (7.00s) 1 2 (2.00 rad s ) (7.00s) 42.0 rad 49.0 rad 7.00 rad.

Alternatively, the average angular velocity is

6.00 rad s 8.00 rad s 1.00 rad s 2

Which leads to displacement of 7.00 rad after 7.00 s.

9.9: a) 0

200 rev, 0 500 rev min 8.333rev s, t 30.0s, ? 0 0 t gives 5.00 rev s 300 rpm 2 b) Use the information in part (a) to find : 0 t gives 0.1111rev s2
Then 0, 0.1111rev s2 , 0 8.333 rev s, t ? 0 t gives t 75.0 and 0 0 t gives 2
0

312 rev

9.10: a) z

0z zt 1.50 rad s (0.300 rad s2 )(2.50 s) 2.25 rad s. 2 2 b) 0z t 1 2 zt 2 (1.50 rad s)(2.50 s) 1 4.69 rad. 2 (0.300 rad s )(2.50 s)
(200 rev min 500 rev min) (4.00 s)
1 min 60s

rev . s2 The number of revolutions is the average angular velocity, 350 rev min, times the time
9.11: a)

1.25

interval of 0.067 min, or 23.33 rev. b) The angular velocity will decrease by another rev min 1 200 rev min in a time 200 2.67 s. 60s min 1.25rev s 2

9.12: a) Solving Eq. (9.7) for t gives t Rewriting Eq. (9.11) as 0

z 0 z z
1 2

.
1 ( 0 z ) 2 z

t (0 z

zt ) and substituting for t gives

z 0 z z 1

0 z

(z 0 z )

z 0 z 2

1 2 (z 20 z ), 2
which when rearranged gives Eq. (9.12). b) z
2 2 1 2 1 z 0 z

1 2 1 (7.00 rad) 16.0 rad s 2

12.0 rad s 2

8 rad s2.
z
z

9.13: a) From Eq. 9.7 , with 0 z b ) From Eq. 9.12 , with 0 z

0, t

36.0 rad s 1.50rad s 2

(36.0 rad s) 2 2(1.50 rad) s 2

24.0 s.
432 rad 68.8 rev.

0, 0

9.14: a) The average angular velocity is velocity is 2av b)

z

162rad 4.00s

40.5 rad s, and so the initial angular

z t

2 z 0 z , 0z 27 rad s. 108rad s ( 27 rad s) 33.8 rad s2 . 4.00s

9.15: From Eq. (9.11),

0 z

0 t

zt 2

60.0 rad (2.25rad s2 )(4.00s) 10.5 rad s. 4.00s 2

140rad s z 0, z 23.33rad s2 The angle is most t 6.00s easily found from av zt (70rad s)(6.00s) 420rad.

9.16: From Eq. (9.7), with 0 z

9.17: From Eq. (9.12), with z 0, the number of revolutions is proportional to the square of the initial angular velocity, so tripling the initial angular velocity increases the number of revolutions by 9, to 9.0 rev.

9.18: The following table gives the revolutions and the angle through which the wheel has rotated for each instant in time and each of the three situations:

t
0.05 0.10 0.15

(a) rev's
0.50 180 1.00 360 1.50 540

(b) rev's
0.03 0.13

11.3 45

(c) rev's
0.44 158 0.75 270 0.94 338

0.28 101

0.20 2.00 720 0.50 180 1.00 360 The and z graphs are as follows: a)

b)

c)

9.19: a) Before the circuit breaker trips, the angle through which the wheel turned was (24.0 rad s) (2.00s) (30.0rad s2 ) (2.00s)2 2 108 rad, so the total angle is 108 rad 432 rad 540 rad. b) The angular velocity when the circuit breaker trips is 24.0 rad s 30.0 rad s2 2.00 s 84 rad s, so the average angular velocity while the 432rad 10.3 s, so the wheel is slowing is 42.0 rad s, and the time to slow to a stop is 42.0 rad s time when the wheel stops is 12.3 s . c) Of the many ways to find the angular acceleration, the most direct is to use the intermediate calculation of part (b) to find that rad s 8.17 rad s2. while slowing down z 84 rad s so z 84 10.3 s
z 2

9.20: a) Equation (9.7) is solved for 0 z

z zt, which gives z

ave

t, or

0 zt

1 2

zt 2. b) 2

z t

t2

0.125 rad s2. c) z zt 5.5 rad s.

9.21: The horizontal component of velocity is r , so the magnitude of the velocity is a) 47.1 m/s

b)

rad/s (5.0 m)(90 rev / min) 30 rev/min

(4.0 m/s)2

47.3 m/s.

9.22: a)

1.25 m s 25.0 10 3 m

50.0 rad s ,

1.25m 58.0 10 3

21.55 rad s , or 21.6 rad s to three figures.

b) (1.25 m s ) (74.0 min) (60 s min) = 5.55 km. c)

z
50.0 rad s 21.55rad s ( 74.0 min)(60s min)

6.41 10 3 rad s 2 .

9.23: a) 2r b) v r

(6.00 rad s) 2 (0.500 m) 18 m s 2 .

(6.00 rad s) (0.500 m) 3.00 m s , and

v2 r

(3.00 m s ) 2 ( 0.500m)

18 m s 2 .

9.24: From arad

2r,

400,000 9.80 m s 2 a 1.25 104 rad s, r 2.50 10 2 m 1 rev 2 rad which is (1.25 104 rad s) 1 min 60s 1.20 105 rev min.

9.25: a) arad 0, atan

0.600 rad s2 0.300 m

0.180 m s2 and so a 0.180 m s2.

b)

rad, so arad

2r 2 0.600 rad s2 3 rad 0.300m

0.377 m s2.

The tangential acceleration is still 0.180 m s2 , and so on

a
c) For an angle of 120 , arad still 0.180 m/s2

0.180 m s2

0.377 m s2

0.418 m s2 .

0.754 m s2 , and a 0.775 m s2 , since atan is

9.26: a) z 0z z t 0.250 rev s 0.900 rev s2 0.200s 0.430 rev s (note that since 0 z and z are given in terms of revolutions, its not necessary to convert to radians). b) av z t (0.340 rev s) (0.2s) 0.068rev . c) Here, the conversion to radians must be made to use Eq. (9.13), and

v r

0.750 m 0.430rev/s 2 rad rev 2

1.01 m s.

d) Combining equations (9.14) and (9.15),

a2rad a2 tan 3.46 m s2 .

(2r )2 (r )2
1 2

[((0.430 rev s 2 rad rev)2 (0.375 m))2 ((0.900 rev s2 2 rad rev)(0.375m))2

9.27:

arad 2

(3000)(9.80 m s2 ) (5000 rev min)

2 rad s 30 rev min

10.7 cm,

so the diameter is more than 12.7 cm, contrary to the claim.

9.28: a) Combining Equations (9.13) and (9.15),

arad
b) From the result of part (a),
arad v

2r 2
0.500m s 2.00 m s

v v. 0.250 rad s.

9.29: a) r (1250 rev min) b)

v2 r ( 0.831m s ) (12.7 10 3 m) 2
2

rad s 30 rev min

12.7 10 3 m 2

0.831m s.

109 m s2.

9.30: a)

v 250 rad s and at t 0, v 50.0 m s ( 10.0 m s2 ) r (0 3.00 s) 80.0m s , so 400 rad s. c) avet (325 rad s)(3.00 s)
975 rad 155 rev. d) v
be reached at time

atan r 50.0 m s 0.200

10.0 m s 2 0.200m

50.0 rad s2 b) At t 3.00 s, v 50.0 m s and

aradr

(9.80m s2 )(0.200 m) 1.40 m s. This speed will

50.0 m s 1.40 m s 10.0 m s

4.86 s after t 3.00 s, or at t 7.86 s . (There are many

equivalent ways to do this calculation.)

9.31: (a) For a given radius and mass, the force is proportional to the square of the angular velocity;
640rev min 2 423rev min

2.29 (note that conversion to rad s is not necessary for this

part). b) For a given radius, the tangential speed is proportional to the angular velocity; 640 423 1.51 (again conversion of the units of angular speed is not necessary). c) (640 rev min)
rad s 30 rev min 0.470 m 2

15.75 m s, or 15.7 m s to three figures, and

arad

v2 r

(15.75m s) (0.470m 2)

1.06 103 m s2 108 g.

9.32: (a)

vT R
2.00 cm s 7.5 rev 1 min 2 rad min 60 s 1 rev R 2.55 cm D 2R 5.09 cm aT R a 0.400 m s2 T 15.7 rad s2 R 0.0255 m R

b)

vr 5.00 m s 15.15 rad s. r 0.330 m The angular velocity of the front wheel is f 0.600 rev s 3.77rad s Points on the chain all move at the same speed, so rrr rf f rr rr f r 2.99 cm
9.33: The angular velocity of the rear wheel is r
9.34: The distances of the masses from the axis are the moment of inertia is
L L 4 4

, and 34L , and so from Eq. 9.16 ,

2

L m 4

L m 4

3L m 4

11 2 mL . 16

L 9.35: The moment of inertia of the cylinder is M 12 and that of each cap is m L4 , so the

moment of inertia of the combination is

M 12

m 2

L2.

9.36: Since the rod is 500 times as long as it is wide, it can be considered slender. a) From Table 9.2 a ,

1 1 ML2 0.042 kg 1.50 m 2 12 12

7.88 10 3 kg m2.

b) From Table 9.2 b ,

1 2 ML 3

1 0.042 kg 1.50 m 2 3.15 10 2 kg m2. 3

c) For this slender rod, the moment of inertia about the axis is obtained by considering it as a solid cylinder, and from Table 9.2 f ,

1 MR2 2

1 (0.042 kg) (1.5 10 3 m)2 2

4.73 10 8 kg m2.

9.37: a) For each mass, the square of the distance from the axis is 2(0.200 m)2 8.00 10 2 m2 , and the moment of inertia is 4(0.200 kg) (0.800 10 2 m2 ) 6.40 10 2 kg m2. b) Each sphere is 0.200 m from the axis, so the moment of inertia is 4 0.200 kg 0.200 m 3.20 10 2 kg m2. a) The two masses through which the axis passes do not contribute to the moment of inertia.
2

2(0.2 kg) 0.2 2 m

0.032 kg m2.

9.38: (a) I

Ibar I balls

1 L Mbar L2 2mballs 12 2

1 4.00 kg 2.00 m 2 2 0.500 kg 1.00 m 2 12

(b) I

2.33 kg m2

1 mbarL2 mballL2 3 1 4.00 kg 2.00 m 2 3 0.500 kg 2.00 m 2 7.33 kg m2

c) I (d) I

0 because all masses are on the axis

mbard 2 2mballd 2 MT otal d2 (5.00 kg)(0.500 m)2 1.25 kg m2

9.39:

Id

Ir (d disk, r ring)

disk : md Id ring : mr Ir I

(3.00 g cm3 )rd2 23.56 kg 1 m r 2 2.945 kg m2 2 dd (2.00 g cm3 ) (r22 r12 ) 15.08kg 1 mr (r12 r22 ) 5.580 kg m2 2 Id I r 8.52 kg m2

(r1 50.0cm, r2

70.0 cm )

9.40: a) In the expression of Eq. (9.16), each term will have the mass multiplied by f 3 and the distance multiplied by f , and so the moment of inertia is multiplied by 5 f 3 ( f )2 f 5. b) (2.5)(48) 6.37 108.

9.41: Each of the eight spokes may be treated as a slender rod about an axis through an end, so the moment of inertia of the combination is

mrimR2 8 (1.40 kg)

mspoke 2 R 3 8 (0.20kg) (0.300m)2 3

0.193 kg m2

9.42: a) From Eq. (9.17), with I from Table (9.2(a)),

11 2 2 1 rev 2 rad rev 2 mL (117 kg)(2.08 m)2 (2400 ) 1.3 10 J. 2 12 24 min 60 s min b) From mgy K , K 1.3 106 J y 1.16 103 m 1.16 km. 2 mg (117 kg)(9.80 m s ) K
9.43: a) The units of moment of inertia are [kg][m2 ] and the units of are equivalent 2 2 2 to [s 1] and so the product 1 2 I has units equivalent to [kg m s ] [kg (m s) ] , which are the units of Joules. A radian is a ratio of distances and is therefore unitless. b) K 2 I2 1800 , when is in rev min.

9.44: Solving Eq. (9.17) for I,

2K 2

2(0.025J) rad s 2 (45 rev min 2 60 rev min)

2.25 10 3 kg m2 .

9.45: From Eq. (9.17), K2

1 2

2 I (2 12 ), and solving for I,

2 2

K2 K1 2 (2 12 ) ( 500 J)
rad s ((520 rev min)2 (650 rev min)2 ) 30 rev min 2

0.600 kg m2 .

9.46: The work done on the cylinder is PL, where L is the length of the rope. Combining Equations (9.17), (9.13) and the expression for I from Table (9.2(g)),

PL

1 2 v , or P 2g

1 v2 2g L

(40.0 N)(6.00 m s)2 14.7 N. 2(9.80 m s2 )(5.00 m)

9.47: Expressing in terms of rad, 2 becomes K

a rad R

. Combining with I

1 MR2 , Eq. (9.17) 2

11 MRarad 22

(70.0 kg)(1.20 m)(3500 m s)2 4

7.35 104 J.

9.48: a) With I

MR2 , with expression for v is

v 2gh . 1 M m

b) This expression is smaller than that for the solid cylinder; more of the cylinders mass is concentrated at its edge, so for a given speed, the kinetic energy of the cylinder is larger. A larger fraction of the potential energy is converted to the kinetic energy of the cylinder, and so less is available for the falling mass.

9.49: a)

2 T

, so Eq. (9.17) becomes K

I T 2.

b) Differentiating the expression found in part (a) with respect to T,

dK dt
c) 2
2

( 4

I T 3 ) dT dt .

(8.0 kg m2 ) (1.5 s) 2
2

70.2 J, or 70 to two figures. 0.56 W.

d) ( 4

(8.0 kg m2 ) (1.5 s)3 )(0.0060)

9.50: The center of mass has fallen half of the length of the rope, so the change in gravitational potential energy is

1 mgL 2

1 (3.00 kg)(9.80 m s2 )(10.0 m) 2

147 J.

9.51: (120 kg)(9.80 m s 2 )(0.700 m) 823 J.

9.52: In Eq; (9.19), Icm

MR2 and d

R2 , so I P

2MR2.

2 4 2 MR2 Md2 , so d 2 R , and the axis comes nearest to the center of 5 15 the sphere at a distance d (2 15)R (0.516)R.
9.53:

2 MR2 3

9.54: Using the parallel-axis theorem to find the moment of inertia of a thin rod about an axis through its end and perpendicular to the rod,

Ip

Icm Md

M 2 L L M 12 2

M 2 L. 3

9.55: p cm

md2,so

1 12

a2 b2

1 a2 b2 12

2 2 (a (b 2) 2 ) , which gives 1 1 a2 b2 , or a2 b2 . 4 3

9.56: a)

1 12

a2

b)

1 12

b2

9.57:

In Eq. 9.19 , cm

M 12

L2 and d

L 2 h , so
L h 2
2

1 2 p L 12

1 2 1 2 L L Lh h2 12 4 1 L2 Lh h2 , 3
which is the same as found in Example 9.12.

9.58: The analysis is identical to that of Example 9.13, with the lower limit in the integral being zero and the upper limit being R, and the mass LR2. The result is 2 1 2 R , as given in Table 9.2(f) .

9.59: With dm

M L

dx
L

M x dx L 0
2

M x3 L 30

M 2 L. 3

9.60: For this case, dm

L

dx.
L

a) b)

dm
2

x2 x dx 20 0
L

yL2 2
2

x4 x (x)dx 40 0

L4 4

L2 .

This is larger than the moment of inertia of a uniform rod of the same mass and length, since the mass density is greater further away from the axis than nearer the axis.
L

c)

( L x)2 xdx
L

( L2 x 2Lx2 x3 )dx
0

x2 x3 L 2L 2 3
2

x4 4

L 12 M 2 L. 6
This is a third of the result of part (b), reflecting the fact that more of the mass is concentrated at the right end.

9.61: a) For a clockwise rotation, will be out of the page. b ) The upward direction crossed into the radial direction is, by the right-hand rule, counterclockwise. and r are perpendicular, so the magnitude of r is r v. c) Geometrically, is perpendicular to v , and so v has magnitude v arad, and from the right-hand rule, the upward direction crossed into the counterclockwise direction is inward, the direction of arad. Algebraically, arad v r r r 2 r, where the fact that and r are perpendicular has been used to eliminate their dot product.

9.62:

For planetary alignment, earth must go through 60 more than Mars:

E M 60 wEt Mt 60 60 t E M 360 360 wE and wM 1yr 1.9yr 60 365d t 360 360 0.352yr 1yr 1yr 1.9 yr
9.63: a) v 60mph 26.82 m s

128 d

r 12in. 0.3048m v 88.0 rad s 14.0 rev s 840rpm r b) same as in part (a) since speedomete r readssame r 15 in. 0.381m v r (0.381m)(88.0 rad s) 33.5 m s 75 mph c) v 50 mph 22.35m s r 10 in. 0.254m v 88.0 rad s; . this is the same as for 60 mph with correct tires, so r
speedometer read 60 mph.
9.64: a) For constant angular acceleration 2r 2r. 2 , and so arad b) Denoting the angle that the acceleration vector makes with the radial direction as , and using Equations (9.14) and (9.15),
2

tan
so
1 2 tan 1 2 tan36.9

atan arad

r 2r

r 2 r

1 , 2

0.666 rad.

9.65: a) z b)

d dt dwz dt

2t 3t 2

(6.40 rad s2 )t (1.50 rad s3 )t 2.

2 6 t (6.40 rad/s2 ) (3.00 rad/s3 )t.

c) An extreme of angular velocity occurs when

0, which occurs at
(3.20 rad/s2 )2 6.83rad/s. 3(0.500 rad/s3 )

3.20 rad/s 1.50 rad/s3

2.13 s, and at this time

(2)( / 3) (3)( / 3)2

2 / 3

9.66: a) By successively integrating Equations (9.5) and (9.3),

z

t 2 t 2

2 t (1.80 rad/s2 )t (0.125 rad/s3 )t 2 , 2 3 t (0.90 rad/s2 )t 2 (0.042 rad/s3 )t 3. 6

b) The maximum positive angular velocity occurs when z velocity at this time is

0, t

, the angular

1 (1.80 rad/s2 )2 6.48 rad/s. z 2 (0.25 rad/s3 ) 2 The maximum angular displacement occurs when z 0, at time t (t = 0 is an inflection point, and (0) is not a maximum) and the angular displacement at this time is

1 2 2

2 2

2 6

2 3 2 (1.80 rad/s2 )3 = 3 2 3 (0.25 rad/s3 )2

62.2 rad.

9.67: a) The scale factor is 20.0, so the actual speed of the car would be 35 km h 9.72 m s

b) (1 2)mv2 8.51 J. c)

2K I

652 rad s.

9.68: a) c) arad d)

atan r
2

3.00m s 2 60.0 m

0.050 rad s2 . b) t (0.05rad s2 )(6.00s) 0.300 rad s.

r (0.300 rad s)2 (60.0m) 5.40m s2 .

(5.40 m s2 )2 (3.00 m s2 )2 6.18 m s2 , and the magnitude of the force is F ma (1240 kg)(6.18 m s2 ) 7.66 kN.
e) a

a2rad a2tan

f) arctan

arad atan

.40 arctan 5 3.00

60.9 .

9.69: a) Expressing angular frequencies in units of revolutions per minute may be accomodated by changing the units of the dynamic quantities; specifically,

12

2W I
2

(300 rev min) 211rev min.

2( 4000 J ) 16.0 kg m2

rad s 30 rev min

b) At the initial speed, the 4000 J will be recovered; if this is to be done is 5.00 s, the J 800 W. power must be 4000 5.00s

9.70: a) The angular acceleration will be zero when the speed is a maximum, which is at the bottom of the circle. The speed, from energy considerations, is v 2gh 2gR(1 cos ), where is the angle from the vertical at release, and

v R

2g (1 cos ) R

2(9.80 m s2 ) (1 cos 36.9 ) 1.25 rad s. (2.50 m)

b) will again be 0 when the meatball again passes through the lowest point. c) arad is directed toward the center, and arad 2 R, arad (1.25 rad s2 ) (2.50 m) 3.93 m s2 . d) arad
2

R (2g R)(1 cos )R (2g)(1 cos ), independent of R.

9.71: a) (60.0 rev s)(2 rad rev)(0.45 10 2 m) 1.696 m s. b)

v r 1.696 m s 2.00 10 2 m

84.8 rad s.

9.72: The second pulley, with half the diameter of the first, must have twice the angular velocity, and this is the angular velocity of the saw blade. a)

(2(3450 rev min))

2

rad s 30 rev min

0.208 m 2
2

75.1 m s.

b) arad

rad s 2(3450 rev min) 30 rev min

0.208 m 2

5.43 104 m s2 ,

so the force holding sawdust on the blade would have to be about 5500 times as strong as gravity.

9.73: a)

arad

2 0

r (

2 0

)r

0 0

r
0

t [2 (
b) From the above,

(
0

)t r

)r.

arad 2

(85.0 m s2 25.0 m s2 ) 2(15.0 rad)

2.00 m s 2 .

c) Similar to the derivation of part (a),

1 2 I 2

1 2 I 2 0

1 [][2 ]I 2

d) Using the result of part (c),

(45.0 J 20.0 J) 0.208 kg m2. 2 ((2.00 m s ) /(0.250 m))(15.0rad)

9.74: I

I wood Ilead

mw
mL I

2 2 mw R2 m R2 5 3 L 4 wVw w R3 3
L AL L4 R2 2 4 2 w R3 R 2 ( 5 3 3

4 R2 ) R2

8 4 w R R L 3 5
8 (800 kg m3 )(0.20 m) (0.20 m)4 20 kg m2 3 5 0.70 kgm2

9.75: I approximate my body as a vertical cylinder with mass 80 kg, length 1.7 m, and diameter 0.30 m (radius 0.15 m)

1 2 mR 2

1 (80 kg) (0.15m)2 2

0.9 kg m2

9.76: Treat the V like two thin 0.160 kg bars, each 25 cm long.

1 2 1 mL 2 (0.160kg)(0.250 m)2 3 3 3 6.67 10 kg m2 2

9.77: a)

90.0 rpm 9.425 rad s 1 2 2K 2(10.0 106 J) K so 2.252 105 kg m2 2 2 ( 9.425rad s)2 m V R2t ( 7800 kg m3 is the density of iron and t=0.100 m is the

thickness of the flywheel)

1 2 1 mR tR4 2 2 R (2I t)1 4 3.68 m; diameter 7.36 m b) ac R2 327m s2

2 2 9.78: Quantitatively, from Table (9.2), I A 1 Object A mR2 and C 2 2 mR , B 3 mR a) has the smallest moment of inertia because, of the three objects, its mass is the most concentrated near its axis. b) Conversely, object Bs mass is concentrated and farthest from its axis. c) Because sphere 2 5 mR2 , the sphere would replace the disk as having the smallest moment of inertia.

9.79: a) See Exercise 9.50.

K
b)

2 2 T2
1 2R M 2 T

2 2 (0.3308)(5.97 1024 kg)(6.38 106 m)2 (86, 164 s)2

2

2.14 1029 J.

2 2 (5.97 1024 kg)(1.50 1011 m)2 (3.156 107 s)2

2.66 1033 J.

c) Since the Earths moment on inertia is less than that of a uniform sphere, more of the Earths mass must be concentrated near its center.

9.80: Using energy considerations, the system gains as kinetic energy the lost potential energy, mgR. The kinetic energy is

Using

1 2 1 2 1 2 mv 2 2 2 2 1 2 mR and solving for , K

1 m(R)2 2

1 ( mR2 ) 2

4g , and 3R

4g . 3R

9.81: a)

Consider a small strip of width dy and a distance y below the top of the triangle. The length of the strip is x y h b. The strip has area x dy and the area of the sign is

1 bh, so the mass of the strip is 2

dm M

1 2

xdy bh

yb 2 dy h bh

2M y dy h2

2Mb2 3 y dy 3h4 h 2Mb2 h 3 2Mb2 1 4 h I dI y dy y |0 0 3h 4 0 3h 4 4 2 2.304 kg m2 b) I 1 6 Mb 2.00 rev s 4.00 rad s 2 K 1 182 J 2 I dI
1 3

dm x2

1 2 Mb 6

9.82: (a) The kinetic energy of the falling mass after 2.00 m is 2 2 1 KE 1 100 J. The change in its potential energy while 2 mv 2 8.00 kg 5.00 m/s falling is mgh 8.00 kg 9.8 m/s2 2.00 m 156.8 J The wheel must have the missing 56.8 J in the form of rotational KE. Since its outer rim is moving at the same speed as the falling mass, 5.00 m s :

v r
v r KE 1 I 2
2

5.00m/s 13.51rad/s 0.370m

; therefore
I 2KE
2

2 56.8 J 13.51 rad s 2

0.6224 kg m2 or 0.622 kg m2

(b) The wheels mass is 280 N 9.8 m s2 = 28.6 kg. The wheel with the largest possible moment of inertia would have all this mass concentrated in its rim. Its moment of inertia would be

MR2

28.6kg 0.370m 2 3.92 kg m2

The bosss wheel is physically impossible.

9.83: a) 0.160 kg 0.500 m 9.80 m s2 is 0.784 J, and so the angular velocity is

0.784 J. b) The kinetic energy of the stick

2k I

2k ML2 3

2(0.784J) 0.160 kg 1.00 m 2 3

5.42 rad s.

This result may also be found by using the algebraic form for the kinetic energy, 3g L , giving the same result. Note that is independent K MgL 2, from which of the mass.

c) v L 5.42 rad s 1.00m 5.42 m s d) 2gL 4.43 m s ; This is 2 3 of the result of part (c).

9.84: Taking the zero of gravitational potential energy to be at the axle, the initial potential energy is zero (the rope is wrapped in a circle with center on the axle).When the rope has unwound, its center of mass is a distance R below the axle, since the length of the rope is 2 R and half this distance is the position of the center of the mass. Initially, every part of the rope is moving with speed 0 R, and when the rope has unwound, and the cylinder has angular speed , the speed of the rope is R (the upper end of the rope has the same tangential speed at the edge of the cylinder). From conservation of energy, using I (1 2)MR2 for a uniform cylinder,

M 4
Solving for gives

m 2 R 2

2 0

M 4
2 0

m 2 R 2

mg R.

and the speed of any part of the rope is v

4mg R , M 2m

R.

9.85: In descending a distance d, gravity has done work mB gd and friction has done work KmA . In KmA gd, and so the total kinetic energy of the system is gd mB terms of the speed v of the blocks, the kinetic energy is

1 m mB v 2 2 A

1 I 2

1 m mB 2 A

I R2 v 2 ,

where v R, and condition that the rope not slip, have been used. Setting the kinetic energy equal to the work done and solving for the speed v,

2gd mB k mA . mA mB I R2

9.86: The gravitational potential energy which has become kinetic energy is K 4.00 kg 2.00 kg 9.80 m s2 5.00 m 98.0 J. In terms of the common speed v of the blocks, the kinetic energy of the system is

1 1 v K (m1 m2 )v2 I 2 2 R (0.480kg m2 ) 1 v 2 4.00 kg 2.00 kg 2 (0.160m) 2

Solving for v gives v
98.0 J 12.4kg

v 2 (12.4 kg).

2.81m s.

9.87: The moment of inertia of the hoop about the nail is 2 MR 2 (see Exercise 9.52), and the initial potential energy with respect to the center of the loop when its center is directly below the nail is gR (1 cos ). From the work-energy theorem,

K
from which

1 2 I 2

M2 R2

MgR(1 cos ),

( g R)(1 cos ).

9.88: a) K

1 2 I 2
1 1 2 rad s (1000kg)(0.90m)2 3000rev min 2 2 60 rev min 2.00 107 J.
2

b)

K 2.00 107 J 1075 s, Pave 1.86 104 W

which is about 18 min.

9.89:

a)

1 M1R12 2

1 2 M2 R2 2

1 ((0.80kg)(2.50 10 2 m)2 (1.60kg)(5.00 10 2 m)2 ) 2

2.25 10 3 kg m2 .

b)

See Example 9.9. In this case,

v R1 , and so theexpressionfor v becomes

2gh 1 ( I mR2 ) 2(9.80 m s2 )(2.00 m) (1 ((2.25 10 3 kg m2 ) (1.50 kg)(0.025m)2 )) 3.40 m s.

c) The same calculation, with R2 instead of R1 gives v 4.95 m s. This does make sense, because for a given total energy, the disk combination will have a larger fraction of the kinetic energy with the string of the larger radius, and with this larger fraction, the disk combination must be moving faster.

9.90: a) In the case that no energy is lost, the rebound height h is related to the speed 2 h v by h 2 g , and with the form for h given in Example 9.9, h 1 M 2m . b) Considering the system as a whole, some of the initial potential energy of the mass went into the kinetic energy of the cylinder. Considering the mass alone, the tension in the string did work on the mass, so its total energy is not conserved.
9.91: We can use (cylinder) 250 J to find

for the cylinder and v for the mass.

1 2

MR2
2

1 2

(10.0 kg)(0.150m)2 0.1125kg m2

66.67 rad s

K 1 2I v R

so 2K I 10.0m s

Use conservation of energy K1 U1 K2 U2 . Take y 0 at lowest point of the mass, so y2 0 and y1 h, the distance the mass descends. K1 U2 0 so U1 K2.

I 2 , wherem 12.0 kg 2 For the cylinder, I 1 v R, so 1 2 MR and 2I 2 2 1 mgh 1 2 mv 4 Mv v2 M h 1 7.23 m 2g 2m mgh

1 2 1 2

mv2

1 4

Mv2.

9.92: Energy conservation: Loss of PE of box equals gain in KE of system.

mboxgh

pulley

1 1 2 2 mboxvbox I pulleypulley 2 2 1 2 I cylinder cylinder 2 vBox vBox and cylinder rp rcylinder

2

1 2 mB gh mBvB 2

1 1 mPrp2 2 2 1 1 m r2 2 2 CC

vB rp vB rC
2

mB gh vB

1 m v2 2 B B

1 1 2 mPvB m v2 4 4 C B mB gh 1 1 1 2 mB 4 mp 4 mC 3.68 m s

(3.00 kg)(9.80m s2 )(1.50m) 1.50 kg 1 4 (7.00 kg)

2 9.93: a) The initial moment of inertia is I 0 1 2 MR . The piece punched has a mass of M 16 and a moment of inertia with respect to the axis of the original disk of

M 1 R 16 2 4

R 2

9 MR2 . 512

The moment of inertia of the remaining piece is then

1 MR2 2
1 2

9 MR2 512

247 MR2 . 512

383 512

b) I

1 2

MR2 M (R / 2) 2

(M /16)(R / 4) 2

MR2 .

9.94: a) From the parallel-axis theorem, the moment of inertia is

IP

(2 5)MR2 ML2 , and

IP ML2

2 5

R L

If R = (0.05)L, the difference is (2 5)(0.05)2 is 0.33% when mrod (0.01)M .

0.001. b) (Irod ML2 ) (mrod 3M ), which

9.95: a) With respect to O, each element ri in Eq. (9.17) is xi

yi 2 , and so

IO
i

mi ri 2
i

mi ( xi 2

yi 2 )
i

mi xi 2
i

mi yi 2

Ix

Iy.

b) Two perpendicular axes, both perpendicular to the washers axis, will have the same moment of inertia about those axes, and the perpendicular-axis theorem predicts 2 R22 ), that they will sum to the moment of inertia about the washer axis, which is M 1 2 (R and so I x

Iy

M 4

(R12

R2 2 ).
2 m(L 2 L2 ) 1 6 mL . 1 mL2 . I y , both Ix and I y must be 12
1 12

c) From Table (9.2), I Since I0

I x I y , and I x

9.96: Each side has length a and mass

M 4

, and the moment of inertia of each side about

2

Ma 1 M 2 an axis perpendicular to the side and through its center is 12 4 a 48 . The moment of inertia of each side about the axis through the center of the square is, from the 2 Ma2 M a 2 perpendicular axis theorem, Ma 48 4 2 12 . The total moment of inertia is the sum of

the contributions from the four sides, or 4

Ma2 12

Ma2 3

9.97: Introduce the auxiliary variable L, the length of the cylinder, and consider thin cylindrical shells of thickness dr and radius r; the cross-sectional area of such a shell is 2 r dr, and the mass of shell is dm 2 rL dr 2 Lr2dr. The total mass of the cylinder is then

dm 2 L

R 2 0

R3 r dr 2 L 3
R 4 o

and the moment of inertia is

r 2dm 2 L

r dr 2 L

R5 5

3 MR2. 5

b) This is less than the moment of inertia if all the mass were concentrated at the edge, as with a thin shell with I MR2 , and is greater than that for a uniform cylinder with 2 I 1 2 MR , as expected.
9.98: a) From Exercise 9.49, the rate of energy loss is inertia I in termsof the power P,
4 2 d 3 dt

; solving for the moment of

3 1 4 d dt

(5 1031 W)(0.0331s)3 1s 1.09 1038 kg m2 . 2 13 4 4.22 10 s

5(1.08 1038 kg m2 ) 2(1.4)(1.99 1030 kg) 9.9 103 m, about10 km.

b) R

5 2

c)

2R

2 (9.9 103 m) 1.9 106 m s 6.3 10 3 c. (0.0331s)

V (4 3)R3 6.9 1017 kg m3 ,

d)

which is much higher than the density of ordinary rock by 14 orders of magnitude, and is comparable to nuclear mass densities.

9.99: a) Following the hint, the moment of inertia of a uniform sphere in terms of the 5 2 mass density is I 5 and so the difference in the moments of inertia of R2 8 15 R , two spheres with the same density but different radii

R2 and R1 is

5 (8 15)(R2 R15 ).

b) A rather tedious calculation, summing the product of the densities times the difference in the cubes of the radii that bound the regions and multiplying by 4 3, gives M 5.97 1024 kg. c) A similar calculation, summing the product of the densities times the difference in the fifth powers of the radii that bound the regions and multiplying by 8 15, gives I 8.02 1022 kg m2 0.334MR2.

9.100: Following the procedure used in Example 9.14 (and using z as the coordinate R 4 4 R2 2 along the vertical axis) r(z) z R h , dm h 2 z dz and d 2 h 4 z dz. Then,

R4 h 4 R4 5 z dz z 2 h 0 10 h4
1 3

h 0

1 R4h . 10

The volume of a right circular cone is V

2 R2h, themassis 1 3 R hand so

3 R2 h 2 R 10 3

3 R2 . 10

9.101: a) ds r d r0 d d , so s( ) r0 gives a quadratic in . The positive solution is

2 2

. b) Setting s vt r0

2 2

(t)

r02 2 vt r0 .

(The negative solution would be going backwards, to values of r smaller than r0 .) c) Differentiating,

z (t )
d dt

d dt

v r02 2 vt

r02

v2 32. 2 vt

The angular acceleration z is not constant. d) r0 25.0 mm; It is crucial that is measured in radians, so 1.55 m rev 1 rev 2 rad 0.247 m rad. The total angle turned in 74.0 min = 4440 s is

1 2.47 10 7 m/rad 1.337 105 rad

2 2.47 10 7 m/rad 1.25 m/s 4440s 25.0 10 3 m

2

25.0 10 3 m

which is 2.13

104 rev.

e)