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Transport Phenomena (CL 203) Dept of Chemical Engineering, IIT-Bombay

End-Sem 3 Hrs 50 Points November 2010
INSTRUCTIONS
1) Read questions thoroughly before answering. Open BSL, Open Mind.
2) Show Clear Working and Steps. You cannot refer to a derivation in the text as your answer
and provide only the modifications in the answer sheet.
3) If you employ an occasional equation directly from the text (e.g., governing equations or
component forms of standard vector/tensor equations), please provide the exact equation
reference (eqn no., page no., table no., etc.)
4) In case of unanswered doubt, please make reasonable assumptions, state them, and proceed.
1) [8 Points] Vectors, Tensors and Their Operations
a) Show Using Index Notation that:
(i) ( ) ( )
2
= v v v

(ii)
( ) ( ) ( ) = u v v u u v



b) The temperature field in a continuum is
( )
2
exp 3t
T
x

= , where
3
2 2
1
i
i
x x
=
=

. The velocity field of the
medium is ( ) ( ) ( )
2 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 3
2 3 x x e x x e x x e = + + + + v

. Determine the Material Derivative,

DT
Dt
.
2) [6 Points] Pipe Flow of Ellis Model Fluid: Ellis Model is:
( )
( )
( )
0.5
0
1
1
: 2
;
2
1
o

t
| t

| |

|
= =
|
+
\ .
D

.
o ,
0
and
1
| , are material constants. Explain the physical significance of the material parameters,
0
and
1
| ,
given that they correspond to the apparent viscosity values at 0 t (limiting viscosity) and at
( )
1
1
1
o
t |

=
(which is sometimes referred to as
1
2
t ). What are these apparent viscosity values?
An Ellis Model fluid flows at steady state in a long section of length L, of a pipe of radius R, due to an imposed
pressure gradient, (P
0
P
L
)/L. The section is far enough away from the pipe ends, and the flow is well
developed. Obtain the velocity profile and the volume flow rate for this case.
As a starting point you may choose the appropriate governing equation in vector/tensor form.
3) [12 Points] Heat Transfer - Fully Developed Flow in a Parallel Plate Channel with Constant Wall Flux:
[This is the Power Law Flow version of Problem 10.B.7, on pages 323-324 of BSL, 2nd Ed.]
Forced-convection heat transfer in flow between parallel plates: A viscous power law fluid with temperature-
independent physical properties is in fully developed z-direction laminar flow between two flat surfaces placed
distance 2B apart (x-direction). For z < 0 the fluid temperature is uniform at T = T
1
. For z > 0 heat is added at a
constant, uniform flux of magnitude q
0
at both walls. Find the temperature distribution T(x, z) for large z.
Given (neglecting viscous dissipation):

1
1
max
1 1
n
s
n
z
z
x x
B B
+
+

(
(
| | | |
(
= =
(
| |
(
\ . \ .
(


v
v
(s=1/n),
2

V
DT
C k T
Dt
= V , (
DT T
T
Dt t
c
= + V
c
v

) (the governing eqn.)
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Assuming Steady State at any Spatial Position, derive the resulting the governing equation.
Determine the x, y, z components of the resulting governing equation from the vector form.
Prove that the resulting dimensionless equation becomes:
( )
2
2
2
1 *
* *
x
z x
cO c O
=
c c
;
State boundary conditions suitable for fully developed flow.
Recall that one boundary condition corresponds to the equality of the heat gained by the fluid as it leaves
the cross section at length z, to the heat transferred to it from the wall;
Determine O(x*, z*). Nu=?
What are the expressions for O( x*, z*) for the Power Law limiting cases, s=1 and 0 s .
What are the physical meanings of the two cases.
4) [12 Points] Visc. Dissipation in Fully Developed Flow in a Parallel Plate Channel with Constant Wall T:
An incompressible, Newtonian fluid, flows at steady state in a long section of length L, due to an imposed
pressure gradient (P
0
P
L
)/L, between flat parallel plates maintained at temperature, T
0
, separated by a distance
2B. The section is far enough away from the pipe ends, and the flow is well developed. Assuming that the
viscosity is independent of temperature, determine the temperature profile.
5) [12 Points] Transient Diffusion of Salt into Water

L(t)
0

A
(S)=2165 kg/m
3

A
n

x
A salt slab of instantaneous thickness, ( ) L t , supports water of great depth. Salt dissolves in water up to a
saturation density of
A,s
, the concentration at the salt-water interface of initially salt-free water.
A
(S) is the
density of solid salt. Assume that
A,s
can be considered small enough (to a first approximation) for the total
density, , to be considered constant; i.e.,
A A
w = . Also, the water can be considered to be effectively
stagnant, i.e., 0 = v

. The surface recession rate,

( ) dL t
dt
, can be considered to be small enough with respect to
the salt flux in the water, so that ( ) L t , can be effectively considered to be at a constant level.
Derive the governing equation in dimensionless form, with the corresponding characteristic parameters. Note
that the salt slab is OUTSIDE the diffusing medium (water), and hence, ( ) L t is NOT the characteristic length,
although the characteristic length is time dependent.
Determine ( ) ,
A
x t , first in dimensionless form, and then in dimensional form.
( ) dL t
dt
=? How much will the bottom surface recede in 24 hrs.? How high has the salt detectably diffused in the
water in that much time? The salt can be detected, at ~1% of the saturation density. Hint: erf (2)~0.99.
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