CHAPTER 5:LIGHT
1.(a). Diagram 9.1 shows a ray of light
directed perpendicularly at a side of the
semi circular glass block. The ray passes
through the glass block to a point O
before leaving the glass block. The angle
of incidence in the glass block is 30°.
Diagram 9.1
(i) What is meant by angle of incidence?
(ii) Explain how total internal reflection
occurs in
Diagram 9.1 above?
[4 marks]
(b) Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3 show two
rectangular glass blocks with different
optical density and refractive index. Ray
of light is directed toward the glass
blocks with the same angle of incidence
30°.
Density = 2600 kgm-3 Density = 2670 kgm-3
Diagram 9.2 Diagram 9.3
Based on Diagram 9.2 and Diagram 9.3,
(i) compare the densities of the glass
blocks.
(ii) compare the refractive index of the
glass blocks
(iii) compare the angle of refraction of the
glass blocks
(iv) relate the angle of refraction, r and the
density of the glass blocks.
(v) relate the angle of refraction, r and the
refractive index of the glass blocks
[5 marks]
(c) Diagram 9. 4 shows a fibre optic.
You are required to give suggestions to
design a fibre optics which can works
efficiently. Using your knowledge on
light, and the properties of material,
explain
the suggestion based on the following
aspects;
(i) the refractive index of outer and
inner layer
(ii) flexibility
(iii) strength
(iv) thickness
(v) density of the glass
2.A slide projector is used to view an image from
a slide. The power of the lens used by the
projector slide is + 5D.
(a) What is meant by power of lens?. [ 1 mark ]
(b) A student used a slide projector to view the
image from the slide. When the slide is place
nearer to the lens the sharp image form on the
screen as shown in Diagram 9.1.
When the slide is place further from the lens the
sharp image form on the screen as shown in
Based on Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare
the object distance, the image distance and size of
image that formed on the screen. Relate the object
distance to the image distance and the object
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distance to the size of image that formed on the
screen. [ 5 marks ]
Diagram 9.4
(c) While driving a car on a hot day, you may see a
mirage on the road. Explain how mirage occurred.
[ 4 marks ]
(d) Diagram 9.5 shows a simple astronomical
telescope.
Diagram 9.5
By using two prism and a telescope in Diagram 9.5,
suggest modification that can be done to make a
binocular.
In your explanation,
(i) draw the arrangement of the prisms and lenses
(ii) draw ray diagram to explain how the image form
(iii) state two advantages using binocular compared
to telescope when observing far object on the
ground. [ 10 marks ]
3.(a) Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show a transparent
block made of a material with a different
refractive index. A light ray travel in both
blocks with the same incident angle, i.
(i) What is meant by a refractive index? [1 mark]
(ii) Using Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2, compare the
refractive index, refraction angle and critical
angle between the two blocks. Base on Diagram
9.1 and Diagram 9.2, relate the refractive index
with critical angle. [5 marks]
(b) (i) State two conditions under which light ray
would undergo total internal reflection. [2 marks]
(ii) Diagram 9.3 shows a light ray is incident on a piece
of Crown Glass of critical angle 42°.Draw the light
ray to show how a ray emerging from the Crown
Glass
(c) Diagram 9.4 shows the structure of an optical fibre
used in telecommunications.
(a) (i) What is meant by real image? [1 mark]
Optical fibres are made of fine strands of glass. Each
single glass fibre (inner core) is coated with a thin layer
of another type of glass (outer cladding).You are
required to give some suggestions in designing an
optical fibre which can carry more information.
Explain your suggestions base on the following aspects:
(i) refractive index of the inner and outer glass
(ii) the properties of material used for optical fibre
(iii) the thickness of the glass [10 marks]
4. Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show light rays from
two identical objects passing through a convex
lens.Both situations produce real images. F is the
focal point for the convex lens
5.Diagram 9.1 and Diagram 9.2 show the parallel
DIAGRAM 9.1
DIAGRAM 9.2
(i) Based on Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2,
compare the object distance, the image (a) (i) What is meant by focal length? [1 mark]
distance and the size of image. Relate the size (ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and Diagram
of the image with the image distance to make 9.2, compare the thickness of the lenses and
a deduction regarding the relationship the effects it has on the refracted rays to
between the object distance and the size of the make a deduction regarding the relationship
image. [5 marks] between the thickness of the lenses and their
(b) Describe how you estimate the focal length of focal length. [5 marks]
a convex lens. [4 marks] (b) Diagram 9.3 shows the ray diagram of a
(c) You are given two convex lenses, R and S, simple microscope.
with focal lengths of 40 cm and 10 cm
respectively. Both the lenses are used to build
a compound microscope.
(i) Using the two lenses, explain how you would
build a compound microscope. [6 marks]
(ii) Suggest a suitable optical device to modify
the microscope you built in (c)(i) to produce
brighter image.
(c)(i) supaya menghasilkan imej yang lebih jelas.
[2 marks]
(iii) Suggest and explain a method to produce a
bigger image in the compound microscope.
[2 marks] Fe : Focal point of eyepiece.
Fo : Focal point of objective lens.
rays of light directed towards the convex lenses
J and K. Both the lenses produce real images. F
is the focal point for each lens. DIAGRAM 9.3
(i) State the function of the eyepiece. [1 mark]
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(ii) State the characteristics of the image formed by a
microscope. [3 marks] (d) Figure 9(d) shows a man who is standing in a
(c) You are given two convex lenses S and Q of swimming pool.
different focal length. Lens S has a longer
focal length than lens Q.
(i) Using the two lenses above explain how are
you would make a simple astronomical
telescope. [4 marks]
(ii) Suggest modification that need to be done
on the telescope to produce clearer and
bigger images. [6
marks]
(i) State your observation on the length of
On a hot and sunny day, a driver sees a pool of his feet and explain your observation.
water on the road in front of him. The position of [3 marks]
driver and the pool of water are as shown in (ii) The depth of water is 0.4 m. calculate
Figure 9(b). the distance of the image of the foot at
(a)(i) Explain the meaning of refractive index [1 point P from the surface of the water.
mark] [Refractive index of water = 1.33]
6.Diagram 9.1 and 9.2 show light rays passing through
(ii) Based on your observations in the above
a convex and a concave lenses.
figures, state the common characteristics.
Relate the above common characteristics to
deduce a relevant physics concept. [5
marks]
(b) Which mirror is used as the rear mirror of 8. Figure 4 shows two ways of making a fire
vehicles? Explain your answer. [3 marks]
(c) Figure 9(c) below shows a spear which was
thrown by a fisherman towards a fish in a
(a)(i) Define reflective index of a medium [1 mark] pool.
(ii) With reference to Diagram 9.1 and 9.2, compare
the light ray before and after passing through both
lenses. And then deduce a physics concept. [5 marks]
(b) Explain why a fish in a pond able to see objects
around although there are obstacles. [4 marks] Figure 4
(c) You are given two right angles prisms to build a
periscope (a) i. What are the energy changes
(i) Explain how you are going to build a periscope. involved? [1m]
[6 marks]
(i) Given that the spear did not hit the
(ii) Suggest modification to be made to convert the ii. Based on your observations of the
fish, explain the observation.
periscope to binoculars [4 marks] first and second situations, describe the
[3 marks]
(ii) Draw a ray diagram to show how the characteristics that differ in the
image of the fish is formed. situations. Then correlate the
7. Figure 9(a) shows a submarine which uses a characteristics to develop a physics
[2 marks]
periscope to see objects above the water surface. concept [5m]
(iii) Suggest a way which can be used by
(b) At the beginning of the century, a
the fisherman so that the spear hit the
scientist by the name of Archimedes
target. [ 1 mark]
successfully drove off enemy ships with
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 the help of women and children using
only mirrors. How did the women and
children help Archimedes? [4m]

(c) Periscope using prisms are better than

those using mirrors
i. How does the prismatic
periscope function? [4m]
ii. How can a prismatic periscope
be modified to see distant object
[6m]
Explain what happens to the image if
(i) the girl moves backwards 2 m (the
focal length is 0.8 m)
(ii) the concave mirror replaced with
convex mirror
You may use the diagram to illustrate your
answers. [4 marks]
(d) You are given two pieces of plane mirrors
measuring 4 cm x 5 cm and a long cardboard tube
to make a periscope.
(i) Using the plane mirrors and other materials,
describe how you would make the periscope.
(ii) Explain why the images observed through the
periscope using plane mirrors are not very clear.
(iii) Suggest modification that can be made to the
periscope to produce clearer and bigger images.
[10 marks]

9.(a) Diagram 7.1 shows the parallel rays of light

directed towards the concave mirrors P and Q. In
each diagram, C is the centre of curvature, CM is
the radius of curvature of the mirror and F is the
focal point of the lens.

(a) What is meant by centre of curvature? [1 mark]

(b) Using Diagram 7.1 and Diagram 7.2, compare the
curvature of mirrors P and Q and the effects on
reflected rays. State the relationship between the
curvature of the mirrors and their focal lengths.
[5 marks]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows a girl standing in front of a
concave mirror. The image formed in the mirror is
virtual image and bigger than original size.