Author: Eng. Maciej Kowalski Section: MiBP S2-s3 Academic Year: 2013/2014 Supervisor: Prof.

Henryk Zobel

DIPLOMA SEMINAR

Subject:

The Grot-Rowecki Bridge in Warsaw, existing design and tendered reconstruction.

Content:
1. History of the existing bridge structure 2. Existing design of the bridge 3. Scope of upcoming reconstruction 4. Bibliography

History of the existing bridge structure

The bridge named by general Stefan Grot-Rowecki is 32-year-old building. It was built in 1981 as a part of Toruoska Route by Przedsibiorstwo Robt Kolejowych no. 15 which built abutments and supports and by Mostostal which was responsible of construction of superstructure and its assemblage. The first drafts of the bridge were prepared in the 60s of the 20th centur y. According to these projects the bridge was to be suspended on two pylons. Finally, due to financial issues, bridge was simplified to less impressive beam structure. The final draft was prepared by design office Stolica" with its chief designer Witold Witkowski. Dedication and opening of the bridge on November 28, 1981 tied with the period of activity of the "Solidarity". Way of concessions from the state, the bridge was named by General of National Army - Stefan Rowecki Grot", which was an extraordinary event in the capital of a communist state. Dedication of the bridge became a mass demonstration of National Army veterans and democratic opposition. In years 70s Warsaw really needed that bridge. Peoples Poland indeed even more. That is why it was decided to build an east-west route, bypassing downtown. The bridge had to be big, four lanes in one, four lanes in the other direction. It had to be a way to pass without a problem for not only cars, but also for tanks.

Existing design of the bridge

Obstacle and transport conditions It is located between the junctions of Wisostrada on the left bank of the Vistula River and Modlioska street on the right bank. In the area of the crossing, distance between the flood embankments is about 1000 m. Clear span of the bridge is 645.0m. The clearance between the supports and the formation line of the road on the bridge is designed for two shipping gauges: 2 x 50.0 x 5.5m. The bridge has 7 spans and their spacing amount to: 75.0+3x90.0+ 2x120.0+60.0=645.0m The bridge has two independent structures for both directions of traffic with a width of 2 x 18.50 m and central reservation between them equal to 3.0 m. Each bridge has three lanes 3x3.50m and lane on and off with a width of 3.0m. On both sides of the road are provided emergency bands with a width of 0.50m. Width of the road, between the curbs is 14.50 m, and between steel guardrail is 15.50m.

Due to the terms of use of dual carriageways, sidewalks on the outside of the bridge cantilevers, serve as escape walkways and for an operating personnel of the bridge. They are not intended to use for pedestrians nor cyclists. Supports and foundations Steel superstructure is based on two abutments and six pillars. Bridge abutments fulfill several functions: fundamental function of extreme support of the bridge, allows convenient service and renovation of heating pipelines and water supply maintained in the construction of the bridge, contain many multi-purpose rooms.

The pillars are made of reinforced concrete, brand 350 (class B30). They are separated, distinct for each structure and shaped to transfer forces from the superstructure on a continuous footing. For aesthetic reasons, pillars have divided side panels. With the exception of one pillar, placed in current, based on the caisson, the two abutments and the other five pillars are placed on piles (drilled with diameter of 120 and 90 cm, and the piles Franki). Piles are crowned with slab shared for separated piers. What is important in view of the upcoming reconstruction of the bridge, the research made by IBDiM found significant reserves of load in comparison with load design: "[] Permissible load of the pile is more than twice the load accepted in the project. This indicates that the evaluation of pile capacity in support no. 5 made by BPBK Stolica", even assuming 6m dilution is overly cautious." [2] Superstructure Object consists two independent bridges (structures) based on separate pillars situated on jointed foundation. Superstructure is a continuous beam and both bridges are mirror image of each other. Each of them, in the spans of 60, 75 and 90m, consists of two solid-web girders braced with transverse frames every 7.5m with a deck in the form of an orthotropic slab with traverses every 2.50m. In two, 120m spans, located in river current, superstructure is closed from the bottom with ribbed slab creating box structure transversally framed every 7.5m. The girders height is constant, 4.30m for the internal web and 4.09 m for the external web. Distance between webs is 10.50m. Orthotropic slab of deck is extended by cantilevers out of the webs. Length of both-side cantilevers spaced every 2.50m is the same and amounts to 4.0m. The total width of the deck is 18.50m.

Additional equipment Superstructure of both bridges is also a construction for a range of communal facilities. Within each superstructure, on the lower transverse frame following devices are based: Heating pipeline (south bridge) 2x1000 mm Water supply (north bridge ) 2x1000mm

Scope of upcoming reconstruction

Main objective of rebuilding the Grot bridge is to enable pursuit of five lanes of traffic in each direction (two for the road type S and three for local traffic) and to adapt it to the existing loads and requirements of the Regulations of Ministry of Transport. In addition, after the reconstruction the bridge will be open to pedestrian and bicycle traffic. Reconstructed bridge will remain straight as to the architectural form. The facade will feature slanted webs and elongated cantilevers of the deck. Layout and shape of the separated supports will be kept. Superstructure, now clearly divided into two bridges, after the reconstruction will take the form of a single space, wide construction. Bridge will carry four carriageways in clear width of curbs: 9.50+8.30+8.30+9.50m. Central carriageways will be reserved for two lanes of traffic of road type S, extreme carriageways for 3 lanes of local traffic. Dividing lanes with barriers SP 10 will have width: 1.21, 1.56 and 1.21m. At outer paving slabs of width 3.58 and 3.08m have been placed bicycle path 2.50m wide (north bridge) and pavement 2.00m wide (south bridge). Gauges width on the object will be reduced by barriers accordingly for the carriageways 10.50+ 9.00+9.00+10.50m. There will be no restrictions on vertical gauge on the object. Other elements of the construction and equipment of the bridge will undergo the basic form of renovation: Foundations Considering 25 years without subsidence of supports, existing foundations will not be strengthened. Pillars and abutments o Repairing by protective paint coatings o Replacement of bearings o Liquidation of rooms in abutments Reconstruction of the surface, isolation and drainage system and the replacement of other elements of equipment in the bridge Installation of revision trolley

Bibliography
1. www.um.warszawa.pl - Informacje o inwestycji: MODERNIZACJA DROGI S8 ODC. POWZKOWSKA - MARKI (Odcinek >> Wisostrada - Modlioska) 2. PROJEKT WYKONAWCZY, ETAP II, Wze "Powzkowska" - wze "Modlioska autor: Transprojekt-Warszawa Sp. z o.o. 3. http://tvnwarszawa.tvn24.pl/print/informacje,news,miedzy-leninem-a-grotemroweckim,32966.html