REGIONAL GEOLOGY OF THE ARAFURA BASIN

BASIN OUTLINE Introduction The Arafura Basin is located on the northern margin of Australia in the Arafura Sea and extends from the onshore Northern Territory to the Australian Indonesian border (Figure 1). It is located in mostly shallow water with a maximum de!th of "#$ m. The region is under%ex!lored with no commercial disco&eries' nine wells ha&e been drilled within the (oulburn (raben but the main de!ocentre to the north (Figure 2) has not been tested. Basin Summary The northern margin of Australia is structurally com!lex and contains three !artially o&erla!!ing basins' the )cArthur Basin (*aleo!rotero+oic )eso!rotero+oic) the Arafura Basin (Neo!rotero+oic*aleo+oic) and the )oney Shoal Basin ()eso+oic,eno+oic) (Figure 1 and Figure 3). The Australian !art of the Arafura Basin extends north from the onshore )cArthur Basin and co&ers an area of a!!roximately "$$ $$$ -m". The basin contains u! to ./ -m of late Neo!rotero+oic (,ryogenian0diacaran) to *aleo+oic (,isuralian) sediments o&erlain by u! to 1 -m of )eso+oic (0arly 2urassic) to ,eno+oic sediments of the )oney Shoal Basin. The following regional !etroleum geology is com!iled from a (eoscience Australia study of the Arafura and )oney Shoal basins (0arl "$$3' Struc-meyer "$$3a b' Totterdell "$$3) and earlier wor- by *etroconsultants (.454) Bradshaw et al (.44$) )c6ennan et al (.44$) 6abutis et al (.44") and )iya+a-i and )cNeil (.445). BASIN EVOLUTION AND TECTONIC DEVELOPMENT The Arafura Basin formed in the Neo!rotero+oic in res!onse to northwest southeast extension that resulted in the formation of a series of northeast southwest%trending half graben. Structurally the Arafura Basin consists of a southern and northern !art di&ided by the (oulburn (raben ( Figure 1). The (oulburn (raben is a northwest%trending asymmetric feature o&er 1$$ -m long and u! to ."/ -m wide. Seismic data show that Neo!rotero+oic half graben extend beyond the (oulburn (raben on both sides. The (oulburn (raben !robably formed in the *ennsyl&anian (late ,arboniferous) to ,isuralian (early *ermian) in res!onse to obli7ue extension associated with
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the brea-%u! of (ondwana with subse7uent contraction in the Triassic. The combination of the thic- sedimentary succession and large in&ersion structures focused hydrocarbon ex!loration on this region. The areas of the Arafura Basin to the north and south of the (oulburn (raben were either not affected by the aforementioned extension and contractional e&ents or restructuring was minor. :ence !re&iously these areas were termed the northern and southern !latforms (e.g. Bradshaw et al .44$). In the northern area the sedimentary section is u! to ./ -m thic- whereas in the southern area it is u! to # -m thic- (Figure 2). :owe&er seismic co&erage is !oor in the southern region and areas with thic-er sediments may be !resent. In the northern area it is !ossible that any early formed tra!s and associated hydrocarbon accumulations ha&e remained intact thus u!%grading the !ros!ecti&ity com!ared with the (oulburn (raben. The southern inshore region !robably has little hydrocarbon !otential with inferred thin *aleo+oic sediments o&er a !re%,ambrian basement ()iya+a-i and )cNeil .445). The subsidence history of the Arafura Basin has been e!isodic with !eriods of basin%wide subsidence in the Neo!rotero+oic ,ambrian (Series ")0arly 9rdo&ician 6ate ;e&onian and *ennsyl&anian,isuralian (late ,arboniferousearly *ermian) se!arated by long relati&ely 7uiescent !eriods of non%de!osition and erosion (Figure 4). ;e!osition in the Arafura Basin commenced in the Neo!rotero+oic during a !eriod of u!!er crustal extension. Northwestsoutheast oriented extension resulted in the formation of a series of northeastsouthwest%trending half graben across much of the basin (Totterdell "$$3). Subse7uent !eriods of subsidence in the ,ambro%9rdo&ician and 6ate ;e&onian !robably were the result of regional%scale stresses generated by !late%margin e&ents or thermal !rocesses. Subsidence in the *ennsyl&anian,isuralian (late ,arboniferous early *ermian) was dri&en by northeastsouthwest directed extension which was localised in the (oulburn (raben. Seismic data suggest that this extensional deformation was focused along a northwestsoutheast%oriented highly deformed +one within the *ine ,ree- *ro&ince. *rior to the Triassic the basin underwent little deformation and the entire Neo!rotero+oic to *ermian succession a!!ears to be structurally conformable. ;uring the Triassic the (oulburn (raben underwent contractional !robably trans!ressional deformation characterised by in&ersion on !re%existing faults folding u!lift and the formation of thin%s-inned thrust faults. This e&ent is considered to be e7ui&alent to the )iddle6ate Triassic <it+roy )o&ement (<orman and =ales .45.) which affected the ,anning and Bona!arte basins (,olwell et al .443). ;eformation was largely focused on the (oulburn (raben with the rest of the basin being affected to a lesser extent. 0rosion following the Triassic deformation e&entually resulted in the de&elo!ment of a !ene!lain across the basin. ;uring this !eriod of erosion the basin was affected by a minor extensional e!isode resulting in relati&ely small dis!lacement !lanar normal faults in the u!!er !art of the !re%Triassic section.

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Arafura Basin (Goulburn Graben) Stratigraphy The oldest succession in the Arafura Basin is the Neo!rotero+oic (,ryogenian0diacaran) =essel (rou! (Figure 4) which outcro!s onshore (*lumb and 8oberts .44"' 8awlings et al .44>) and is !resent throughout the offshore extent of the basin. 9ffshore the fill of the basal half graben and the o&erlying !ost%rift succession are inter!reted as belonging to the =essel (rou!. 9nshore the grou! consists mainly of shallow marine sandstones and mudstones with lesser amounts of conglomerates and carbonates (*lumb and 8oberts .44"' 8awlings et al .44>). The age of the =essel (rou! is !oorly constrained but limited radiometric data and stratigra!hic constraints suggest that it is Neo!rotero+oic (8awlings et al .44>). The grou! reaches a maximum thic-ness of a!!roximately .$ -m in the central !art of the basin northeast of the (oulburn (raben but is li-ely to be thinner in the graben itself. The =essel (rou! is o&erlain disconformably by the ,ambrian (Series ") 0arly 9rdo&ician (oulburn (rou! (Bradshaw et al .44$' Nicoll et al .443). The (oulburn (rou! has a sag% to sheet%li-e geometry o&erall and reaches a maximum thic-ness of about " /$$ m. The (oulburn (rou! re!resents !rolonged de!osition on a shallow marine shelf. The basal unit is the middle ,ambrian (Series ") 2igaimara <ormation (Nicoll et al .443) a shallow marine limestone shale and dolomite succession. It is o&erlain by the largely dolomitic ?middle ,ambrian (Series #)earliest 9rdo&ician Naningbura <ormation (Nicoll et al .443). The 0arly 9rdo&ician marine shelf mixed carbonate and clastic roc-s of the )ilingimbi and )ooroongga formations form the u!!ermost units of the (oulburn (rou!. The 6ate ;e&onian Arafura (rou! (*etroconsultants .454' Bradshaw et al .44$' )c6ennan et al .44$) o&erlies the (oulburn (rou! ( Figure 4). It has a sheet%li-e geometry and reaches a maximum thic-ness of a!!roximately . /$$ m. The Arafura (rou! consists of shallow marine to non%marine interbedded mudstone siltstone sandstone and minor carbonate. The oldest unit is the ;@abura <ormation a dominantly shallow marine succession of interbedded clastics and minor limestone. ,onodont biostratigra!hy indicates an early <amennian age for the ;@abura <ormation (Nicoll "$$3) but !alynological dating suggests that it is older (<rasnian' *urcell "$$3). It is o&erlain unconformably by the clastics of the ?<rasnian<amennian Aabooma <ormation which is also inter!reted to re!resent dominantly shallow marine de!osition. The o&erlying <amennian ;arbilla <ormation is a mudstone and siltstone dominated succession inter!reted to ha&e been de!osited in a largely non%marine en&ironment (*etroconsultants .454' Bradshaw et al .44$). The Arafura (rou! is o&erlain unconformably by a ,arboniferous to early *ermian (,isuralian) succession. *alynological studies by :elby ("$$3) ha&e indicated that most of this succession is ,isuralian in age ( G. confluens to C. alutas B6ower Stage " e7ui&alentC s!ore%!ollen +ones) and that these sediments are a!!roximately e7ui&alent in age to the Dulshill (rou! of the Bona!arte Basin (Figure 4). :owe&er the basal E.$$ m of this succession intersected in Tasman . contains !alynomor!hs that are indicati&e of the D.
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birkheadensis to S. ybertii bio+ones (0sso Australia 6td .45#) which !laces these carbonates within the late ,arboniferous ()ississi!!ian *ennsyl&anian). This carbonate unit is referred to as an Funnamed carbonateG on Figure 4 and is age e7ui&alent to the A7uitaine <ormation in the *etrel Sub%basin. =ell intersections of the Dulshill (rou! consist of non%marine to marginal marine interbedded sandstone siltstone and claystone with minor coal and dolomitic roc-s. In the (oulburn (raben where the lower !art of the section com!rises an extensional growth wedge the Dulshill (rou! is u! to / -m thic-. The u!!er !art of the succession re!resents !ost%rift de!osition. There is some e&idence of magmatic acti&ity in the basin during this extensional !hase. Sills and dy-es can be seen on seismic and one a dolerite of ,arboniferous*ermian age (;iamond Shamroc- 9il ,om!any (Australia) *ty 6td .45/) was intersected in Dul-a .. In addition a large magmatic body within the (oulburn (raben in the &icinity of the Dul-a . and )oney Shoal . is inter!reted on the basis of seismic and magnetic data (Struc-meyer "$$3b).

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REGIONAL HYDROCARBON POTENTIAL No commercial disco&eries ha&e been made in either the )oney Shoal Basin or Arafura Basin. :owe&er numerous hydrocarbon indications in wells drilled in the (oulburn (raben. Some of the most significant oil shows that occur throughout *aleo+oic reser&oirs were intersected in Arafura . and !er&asi&e oil indications occur in (oulburn .. Tasman . encountered an oil show in an unnamed ,arboniferous carbonate and Dul-a . disco&ered an oil show in the Dulshill (rou!. ,hameleon . ,obra .A )oney Shoal . and Tuatara . all contain oil indications in )eso+oic and *aleo+oic reser&oirs. A re&iew of a&ailable geological data (0arl "$$3' Struc-meyer "$$3a b) together with the results from a sur&ey in&estigating !otential hydrocarbon see!age in the Arafura Basin (6ogan et al "$$3) show that the region contains not only all the re7uired essential !etroleum system elements to generate ex!el and tra! hydrocarbons but also e&idence that this generation and ex!ulsion has occurred. Source Rocks In the Arafura Basin !otential source roc-s occur within the =essel (rou! (Neo!rotero+oic) the (oulburn (rou! (9rdo&ician,ambrian) the Arafura (rou! (;e&onian) and the Dulshill (rou! (*ermo,arboniferous). *otential source roc-s may be !resent within the =essel (rou!' howe&er no data are a&ailable for this section. Sam!les from the ,ambro%9rdo&ician (oulburn (rou! ha&e total organic carbon (T9,) contents u! to 5.3H. The higher &alues re!resent migrated oil and solid bitumen (Deira&ille Donsultants .451' Sherwood et al "$$3) rather than dis!ersed organic matter as re!orted in !re&ious !ublications (Bradshaw et al .44$ 0dwards et al .44>). A recent oil%source correlation study in the (eorgina Basin (Boreham and Ambrose "$$/) identified three ,ambrian !etroleum systems related to source roc-s of algalIbacterial origin. 9ne of these the Thorntonia(J) *etroleum System has similar geochemical and isoto!ic characteristics to oil stains in early *aleo+oic roc-s at Arafura . and (oulburn . (Boreham and Ambrose "$$/). This suggests that the effecti&e source roc- in the Arafura Basin is li-ely to occur in the 2igaimara <ormation which is an age e7ui&alent of the Thorntonia 6imestone in the (eorgina Basin. The !resence of abundant interstitial bitumen in association with oil stains in early *aleo+oic sam!les in Arafura . is indicati&e of a multi%charge history from a !rolific source nearby (Sherwood et al "$$3). )odelling by Struc-meyer et al ("$$3b) indicates that the ma@or !hase of hydrocarbon (light oil and gas) ex!ulsion from the ,ambrian source rocwithin the (oulburn (raben occurred in res!onse to ;e&onian and *ermo% ,arboniferous subsidence. :owe&er ex!ulsion !re%dates the Triassic <it+roy )o&ement and !otential tra! formation resulting in the loss andIor degradation of the ma@ority of these hydrocarbons. The ma!!ed ex!ulsion and !reser&ation limit of hydrocarbons from the ,ambrian source roc"$.. 8elease of Australian 9ffshore *etroleum 0x!loration Areas 8egional (eology of the Arafura Basin *age / of .#

indicates that oil may be !reser&ed in the northeasternmost corner of 8elease Area NT..%. (Figure 5). Source !otential for the ;e&onian flu&io%deltaic Arafura (rou! sediments is ty!ically !oor with the exce!tion of one lamalginite%rich sam!le from Arafura . that has T9, contents of $.5/H (Sherwood et al "$$3). )odelling by Struc-meyer et al ("$$3b) im!lies that the ;@abura and ;arbilla formations are mature in the (oulburn (raben and northern Arafura Basin but that ex!ulsion only occurred where these units were buried to about 1 -m de!thK in the case of ,obra .A this resulted from subsidence of the )oney Shoal Basin (Figure 6). (ood to &ery good !otential source roc-s are !resent in the *ermo% ,arboniferous Dulshill (rou!. The ty!ical T9, content ranges from L$.1H to #H with a maximum hydrogen index (:I) of #". mg:,IgT9,. Se&eral sam!les in the central (oulburn (raben ha&e T9, contents u! to 4H and com!rise land !lant%deri&ed organic matter such as &itrinite s!orinite and li!todetrinite (Sherwood et al "$$3). Based on &itrinite reflectance data at Dul-a . ($.4".1H 8o) the Dulshill (rou! in the western (oulburn (raben is mature to o&ermature for oil generation and mature for gas generation due to loading by the )oney Shoal Basin. 0lsewhere in the Arafura Basin the Dulshill (rou! is immature for hydrocarbon generation. Reservoir Rocks *otential reser&oir roc-s in the Arafura Basin include shallow marine limestones and dolomites of the ,ambro%9rdo&ician (oulburn (rou! and terrestrial to flu&io%deltaic interbedded sandstones and mudstones of the ;e&onian Arafura (rou! and *ermo%,arboniferous Dulshill (rou!. The (oulburn (rou! dolomite hosts an oil show and gas indication in Arafura . and oil indications in (oulburn . (Figure 4). The unit has a maximum !orosity of >.>H that relies on the de&elo!ment of secondary !orosity through features such as &ugs and fractures (0arl "$$3). A ris- associated with this unit is cementation reducing secondary !orosity. The cementation is !robably at least !artly related to Triassic contraction and u!lift. Siltstones and sandstones of the Arafura (rou! host the oil shows and indications in Arafura . and (oulburn . with the better 7uality reser&oir occurring at (oulburn . (maximum !orosity of .4H and maximum !ermeability of >.5# m;). A significant !ro!ortion of the !rimary !orosity has been destroyed by diagenetic effects including silica o&ergrowths and carbonate cementation. Tasman . encountered an oil show in an unnamed ,arboniferous carbonate and Dul-a . recorded an oil show in the Dulshill (rou!. Although no hydrocarbons ha&e been found within the u!!ermost !art of the Dulshill (rou! these sediments dis!lay good reser&oir characteristics a&eraging /./ H !orosity with a maximum !orosity of .>.>H being recorded at Tasman .. ,arbonate cements are s!oradic throughout the grou! but there is e&idence of multi!le fracture sets (such as at ,hameleon .) which could enhance the o&erall !ermeability and !orosity (0arl "$$3).

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Seals There is little information about !otential *aleo+oic seals' howe&er oil shows and indications below thic- ;e&onian fine%grained sediments in Arafura . and (oulburn . attest to the sealing ca!acity of this unit (*etroconsultants .454). 9il indications abo&e this seal in Arafura . are the result of fault migration (6abutis et al .44"' 0arl "$$3). )udstones at the to! and base of the ,ambro%9rdo&ician (oulburn (rou! may also !ro&ide a seal for ad@acent carbonate reser&oirs and *ermo%,arboniferous dolerite sills such as that intersected in Dul-a . may !ro&ide localised seals. Timing of Generation *ea- oil generation and migration from !otential *aleo+oic source roc-s in the (oulburn (raben where all ex!loration wells are located !re%dates the Triassic structural e&ent and thus !otential tra! formation ()oore et al .443' Struc-meyer "$$3a b). ;es!ite this modelling by Struc-meyer ("$$3b) demonstrated that some areas in the western (oulburn (raben could ha&e ex!erienced a late !hase of generation and ex!ulsion from !otential *aleo+oic source roc-s (Figure 5 and Figure 6). <or exam!le this includes the !ossibility of a minor !hase of late ex!ulsion of light oil from a Ty!e IIII ,ambrian source roc- at Tuatara . where the lac- of success is considered to be due to an absent or inade7uate seal (0arl "$$3). Struc-meyer ("$$3b) found that the modelling of hydrocarbons ex!elled from source roc-s within the ;e&onian Arafura (rou! and the *ermo%,arboniferous Dulshill (rou! was highly sensiti&e to the amount of Triassic erosion inter!reted for any location. Bearing this in mind ex!ulsion of hydrocarbons a!!ears to ha&e occurred in the late ,eno+oic from the western (oulburn (raben an area included in the northernmost !art of 8elease Area NT..%. (Figure 6). lay Types Inter!retation of a&ailable seismic data indicates that a &ariety of !otential !lay ty!es are !resent within the western (oulburn (raben (Struc-meyer "$$3b). *aleo+oic !lays include large faulted anticlines and fault bloc-s that could !ro&ide tra!s at se&eral stratigra!hic le&els. Sub%unconformity !lays below the Triassic regional unconformity are !resent within Neo!rotero+oic ,ambro% 9rdo&ician ;e&onian and *ermo%,arboniferous strata. ;iagenetic tra!s and other stratigra!hic tra!s within the ,ambro%9rdo&ician and ;e&onian carbonate successions are a strong !ossibility in this region but are untested and insufficient stratigra!hic information is a&ailable to allow a detailed assessment. !ritical Risks A recent audit of ex!loration wells in the (oulburn (raben (0arl "$$3) identified timing of charge breach of structure and reser&oir 7uality as the ma@or reasons for the failure to find significant hydrocarbon accumulations.

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EXPLORATION HISTORY *etroleum ex!loration in the Arafura region began in the .4"$s when se&eral boreholes were drilled on 0lcho Island in res!onse to re!orted bitumen strandings. In the .43$s and early .4>$s stratigra!hic drilling occurred on Bathurst and )el&ille islands ()c6ennan et al .44$). ;uring this time Shell ;e&elo!ment (Australia) was awarded ex!loration !ermits co&ering the western region of the Arafura Sea and drilled the first well )oney Shoal . (.4>.) in the offshore )oney Shoal Basin and !enetrated the underlying Arafura Basin. This well was drilled !rimarily to test the )eso+oic )oney Shoal Basin sedimentary section. At the same time A7uitaine was o!erating in the central southern region of the Arafura Sea. The two o!erators carried out extensi&e ma!!ing based on seismic data and defined the (oulburn (raben as an im!ortant structural feature. The next !hase of ex!loration occurred in the early .45$s with se&eral com!anies o!erating in the region including ;iamond Shamroc- 0sso *etrofina and Sion 8esources. A number of wells were drilled at this time all of which tested the *aleo+oic Arafura Basin se7uence. *etrofina drilled two wells Arafura . (.45#) and (oulburn . (.45/). Arafura . recorded significant oil shows o&er a 1"/ m de!th range in the ;e&onian and 9rdo&ician sections and !ro&ides the most im!ortant *aleo+oic stratigra!hic control in the basin. The com!any also ma!!ed a number of large fault%related closures that remain untested ()iya+a-i and )cNeil .445). 0sso drilled two wells Tasman . (.45#) which targeted a fault bloc- on a domal feature originally inter!reted as salt%related and Torres . (.45#) which targeted a !rominent *aleo+oic anticline. ;iamond Shamroc- drilled Dul-a . (.451) which !ro&ides im!ortant stratigra!hic control for the M!!er *aleo+oic and )eso+oic sections. A third !hase of !etroleum ex!loration by B:* *etroleum in the late .45$s and early .44$s targeted mostly )eso+oic !lays in the (oulburn (raben. The ex!loration !rogram included an extensi&e .> $$$ -m seismic sur&ey a regional aeromagnetic sur&ey and the drilling of three ex!loration wells Tuatara . (.44$) ,hameleon . (.44.) and ,obra .A (.44#). ;uring the early .44$s (eoscience Australia (then the Bureau of )ineral 8esources) ac7uired a total of / #1" -m of regional dee! seismic data across the Arafura Basin. In the !ast .$ years further ex!loration acti&ities ha&e contributed to the a&ailable dataset and ha&e high%graded the !ros!ecti&ity of the region. These include for exam!le non%exclusi&e regional "; seismic data sets by T(S No!ec in .445 and Neritas ;(, in "$$" and Synthetic A!erture 8adar ac7uisition and inter!retation across the region by Infoterra ("$$#). 8ecently the *(S (eoStreamer Northern )argin AustraliaArafura )ulticlient "; (N)=T) seismic sur&ey has been com!leted
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(htt!KIIwww.!gs.comI;ataO6ibraryIAsia%*acificIAustraliaIArafura%N)AA%$4% ";I) which is a!!licable to 8elease Areas NT..%. and NT..%". To &iew image of seismic co&erage follow this lin-K htt!KIIwww.ga.go&.auIenergyI!ro@ectsIacreage%release%and% !romotionI"$...htmlPdata%!ac-ages

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FIGURES Figure 1: Figure 2: 8egional structural elements of the )oney Shoal Basin and the Arafura Basin which contains the (oulburn (raben. Sedimentary thic-ness (milliseconds two%way time) of the Arafura Basin (Struc-meyer "$$3b). (eoseismic section across the Arafura Basin showing the (oulburn (raben and o&erlying )oney Shoal Basin (Struc-meyer "$$3b). Stratigra!hy of the Arafura and )oney Shoal basins u!dated from Struc-meyer ("$$3b). The (eologic Time Scale after (radstein et al ("$$1) and 9gg et al ("$$5). The *rotero+oic section is of uncertain age and the !osition of the formations here is indicati&e only. Inter!reted hydrocarbon ex!ulsion and !reser&ation ma! from a !ostulated ,ambrian source roc- in the Arafura Basin (Struc-meyer "$$3b). InsetK hydrocarbon generation and ex!ulsion rates of light oil from the 2igaimara <ormation in the (oulburn (raben. Inter!reted hydrocarbon ex!ulsion ma! from !otential ;e&onian (Arafura (rou!) and *ermo%,arboniferous (Dulshill (rou!) source roc-s in the (oulburn (raben Arafura Basin (Struc-meyer "$$3b). InsetK hydrocarbon generation and ex!ulsion rates of oil from the Dulshill (rou! in the (oulburn (raben.

Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

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REFERENCES B980:A) ,.2. "$$3Q,hemical maturity assessment and oil correlation in the Arafura Basin. InK ST8M,D)0A08 :.I.). (com!iler) "$$3b. *etroleum (eology of the Arafura and )oney Shoal Basins. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I"". B980:A) ,.2. AN; A)B89S0 (.2. "$$/Q,ambrian !etroleum systems in the southern (eorgina Basin Northern Territory Australia. ,entral Australian Basins Sym!osiumK !etroleum and minerals !otential Alice S!rings NT .3.5 August "$$/. B8A;S:A= 2. NI,966 8.S. AN; B8A;S:A= ). .44$QThe ,ambrian to *ermo%Triassic Arafura Basin Northern Australia. The A*0A 2ournal #$(.) .$>">. ,A8S9N 6.2. :AIN0S *.=. B8AD06 A.T. *I0TS,: B.A. AN; <080N,RI *.A. .444Q)ilingimbi Northern Territory. .K"/$ $$$ (eological )a! Series. Northern Territory (eological Sur&ey 0x!lanatory Notes S;/#%". ,96=066 2.B. 9GB8I0N (.=. AN; B60NIN 2.0. .443QIn&ersion structures. InK ,96=066 2.B. and D0NNA8; 2.). (com!ilers) *etrel Sub% basin Study .44/.443K Summary 8e!ort. Australian (eological Sur&ey 9rganisation 8ecord .443I1$ #/#>. ;IA)9N; S:A)89,D 9I6 ,9)*ANA (AMST8A6IA) *TA 6T; .45/Q =ell ,om!letion 8e!ort Dul-a%. NTI*#1 Arafura Basin Northern Territory Nolume . (un!ublished). 0A86 D.6. "$$3QAn audit of wells in the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I$". 0;=A8;S ;.S. SM))9NS 8.0. D0NNA8; 2.). NI,:966 8.S. B8A;S:A= 2. B8A;S:A= ). <9ST08 ,.B. 9GB8I0N (.=. AN; RM)B08(0 2.0. .44>Q(eochemical characteristics of *alaeo+oic !etroleum systems in Northwestern Australia. The A**0A 2ournal #>(.) #/.>4. 0SS9 AMST8A6IA 6T; .45#Q=ell ,om!letion 8e!ort Tasman . Nolumes . and " Arafura Basin Northern Territory (un!ublished). <98)AN ;.2. AN; =A60S ;.=. .45.Q(eological 0&olution of the ,anning Basin =estern Australia. Bureau of )ineral 8esources Australia Bulletin ".$. (8A;ST0IN <.). 9(( 2. AN; S)IT: A. (0;IT98S) "$$1QA (eologic Time Scale "$$1. ,ambridgeK ,ambridge Mni&ersity *ress /54 !. :06BA 8. "$$3QA !alynological reconnaissance of new cuttings sam!les from the Arafura%. Dul-a%. and Tasman%. wells. InK Struc-meyer :.I.).

"$.. 8elease of Australian 9ffshore *etroleum 0x!loration Areas 8egional (eology of the Arafura Basin

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(com!iler) New datasets for the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I$3. D0I8ANI660 D9NSM6TANTS .451Q9rganic !etrology of a suite of sam!les from Arafura No. .. A re!ort !re!ared for Shell ;e&elo!ment (Aust) *ty 6td. (eoscience Australia ;estructi&e Analysis 8e!ort ;A8$/#". 6ABMTIS N. )9980 A. AN; B8A;S:A= 2. .44"QArafura *etroleum *ros!ecti&ity 0&aluation 8e!ort. Australian (eological Sur&ey 9rganisation 8ecord .44"I51. 69(AN (.A. 8AAN (.2. (60NN D. 89660T N. :0)08 ). T=A<98; 6. AN; S:I*B9A8; *A8TA "$$3QShallow (as and Benthic :abitat )a!!ing Arafura Sea. RV Southern Sur&eyor )ay 2une "$$/ *ost ,ruise 8e!ort. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I.4. ),60NNAN 2.). 8ASI;I 2.S. :96)0S 8.6. AN; S)IT: (.,. .44$Q The geology and !etroleum !otential of the western Arafura Sea. The A*0A 2ournal #$(.) 4..$3. )IAARADI S. AN; ),N0I6 B. .445QArafura Sea. *etroleum *ros!ecti&ity Bulletin and ;atabases .445I.. Bureau of 8esource Sciences ,anberra. )9980 A. B8A;S:A= 2. AN; 0;=A8;S ;. .443Q(eohistory modelling of hydrocarbon migration and tra! formation in the Arafura Sea. *0SA 2ournal No. "1 #//.. NI,966 8.S. "$$3Q;e&onian stratigra!hy and biostratigra!hy of the Arafura Basin offshore Northern Territory Australia. InK Struc-meyer :.I.). (com!iler) New datasets for the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I$3. NI,966 8.S. S:08(96; 2.:. 6AM8I0 2.8. AN; BIS,:9<< (.,.9. .443Q,ambrian and 9rdo&ician biostratigra!hy of the Arafura Basin northern Australia. (eological Society of Australia Abstracts 1. #.5. 9(( 2.(. 9(( (. AN; (8A;ST0IN <.). "$$5QThe ,oncise (eologic Time Scale. ,ambridgeK ,ambridge Mni&ersity *ress .>> !. *0T89,9NSM6TANTS .454QNorthern Territory (eological Sur&ey *etroleum Basin Study % Arafura Basin. Northern Territory ;e!artment of )ines and 0nergy 8e!ort. *M8,066 8. "$$3Q*alynology re!ortK Arafura%. (oulburn%. and Tasman% . (oulburn (raben Northern Territory Australia. In Struc-meyer :.I.). (com!iler) New datasets for the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I$3. *6M)B D.A. AN; 89B08TS :.(. .44"QThe (eology of Arnhem 6and Northern Territory. Bureau of )ineral 8esources Australia 8ecord .44"I//.

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8A=6IN(S ;.2. :AIN0S *.=. )A;I(AN T.6.A. *I0TS,: B.A. S=00T I.*. *6M)B D.A. AN; D8ASSAA A.A. .44>QArnhem Bay(o&e Northern Territory. .K"/$ $$$ (eological )a! Series. Northern Territory (eological Sur&ey 0x!lanatory Notes S;/#%# 1. S:08=99; N. 8MSS066 N. AN; <AIR ). "$$3QThermal maturity e&aluation using a combination of <A)) and con&entional organic !etrological analyses for sam!les from a suite of wells in the Arafura Basin Australia. InK ST8M,D)0A08 :.I.). (com!iler) New ;atasets for the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I"". ST8M,D)0A08 :.I.). (,9)*I608) "$$3aQNew ;atasets for the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I$3. ST8M,D)0A08 :.I.). (,9)*I608) "$$3bQ*etroleum (eology of the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I"". T9TT08;066 2.). "$$3QBasin e&olution. InK ST8M,D)0A08 :.I.). (com!iler) *etroleum (eology of the Arafura Basin. (eoscience Australia 8ecord "$$3I"". <ront !age image courtesy of *etroleum (eo%Ser&ices.

"$.. 8elease of Australian 9ffshore *etroleum 0x!loration Areas 8egional (eology of the Arafura Basin

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