Valeriya Teplova

201360 Fall: Composition II (03)

Instructor: Heidi Skurat Harris

Food crisis in Africa. This paper is about Africa problems such as rapid population growth, starvation and the main causes of it. In our life routine we dont think and muse about such problems that not directly regard to us. We know what we need to do, our goals and just living our lives without paying attention how its affects the others and world in general. So everyday life gas stoves use up natural gasses; trash gets dumped and causes pollutions; fireplaces, smoke; computer tv etc uses energy; showers any water stuff uses natural resources; cleaning products: toxic to environment; cars, carbon emissions from exhaust fumes. The most interesting is lawn mower, because cutting grass puts more carbon into the atmosphere. There is a lot things that household or everyday items contribute to pollution and some of them we dont even recognize, that it causes it. Problems as environmental pollution, weather changes, disasters, famine, becoming much more stronger and worsen day by day. For my Global Issue research paper I choose topic about Environmental Pollution, what it cause, how it affect on our health, and how we can reduce or make it better. While I was doing my research I found plenty of sources and interesting information from books, that I could not even think in this way. This pollution problems directly influence on not strong Africa. The disasters are literally dried or washes away everything. According to the GRID arendal Droughts and floods severely impact on food and water

security in Africa. Nearly two decades after one of the world's most devastating famines in Africa, scientists said that pollution from industrial nations is the one of the causes. But geographical position of this country do not put any positive things for prosperity. However we cant change geographical position, but we can reduce pollution that will help a lot for health of nation and their households. So people who interested in world future should realize how bad is situation at Africa and remember that small things make big differences. Rapid population growth can have serious consequences. For Africa, characterized by a high birth rate. According to the People in Development Agenda October 16, 2013 Africas population has been growing 50 percent faster than gains in food productivity. There is not enough resources in country to not be in starvation also with population growth and economic development in the region is expected to increase in demand for water resources. But with the regulation of water prices and the introduction of technological advances the state will smooth the situation in any scenario. According to the Jennifer Lazuta on September 12, 2013 In some African countries, such as Niger, the birth rate is as high as 7.6 children per woman, compared to averages of 1.6 in Europe and 1.9 in North America. I think this is not unacceptable amount for a country that does not have a stable economic and social development. Despite the predominance of the rural population in Africa is characterized by high rates of urban population growth. According to The Economist online,Jul 21st 2011 including rapid population growth, with many girls not staying in school and having children early, insufficient farming investment thanks to the insecurity of two decades of war, increased desertification, because the burning of charcoal in the south has led to a lack of tree cover, and an absence of governance. There are migration of the population going on. Industrial districts are taking immigrants from neighboring countries, who are looking for work. Military coups, constant struggle between ethnic and

religious groups , military conflicts between countries give rise to different regions of the continent a significant number of refugees. Thus, the current demographic situation in Africa is very controversial. In different countries, the population grows unevenly, the characteristics of AGE-sex structure from an economic point of view are disturbing: an insufficient number of working-age people, especially men, high particle and young children, low life expectancy. In recent years, catastrophic proportions in some countries acquired AIDS mortality. According to the Carl Haub, African countries must now actively work to reduce their fertility rates in order to keep future population growth in check. The consequences, because of weather cause starvation. Poor rainfall, crop failures and skyrocketing food prices and insecurity have made it hard for parents to feed their children. According the World Bank, Climate change will have serious and adverse consequences for many development sectors in Africa, and threatens the economies and livelihoods of many African countries. I was doing research and found terrifying data, according to the Courtney ODonnell on September 26, 2011 that 1 child is dying every 6 minutes in Somalia. Because of economic instability prices on food or salary of people jumping, so children more likely starving. There are billions hungry people in the world and climatic changes threaten to significantly increase the number of people at risk of hunger and undernutrition. Inadequate and poor nutrition of many people of Africa has a huge impact on the biological and social aspects, vitality, productivity, etc. Main problems that I can think, that hungry children are sick more often, they do worse in school and have lower grades because they cannot concentrate, hungry children have less energy for social interactions, and cannot adapt to environmental stresses. I believe that children are our future, so in this case the future of Africa out on a limb.

Environmental pollution cause terrifying consequences for human being and households at Africa, more than in other countries because of low economic and social level of development. The consequences of the ecological crisis, particularly soil erosion and desertification, which to a large extent determine the extent of under-production of agricultural products in Africa. Drought and desertification have covered today large areas of African states, threatening famine about 150 million people. According to the wfp.org, Climate Change saying that 20 percent more people will be at risk of hunger by 2050 due to the changing climate. Thus, the actual nutritional status of the population of underdeveloped countries shows the incredible complexity of the food problem. Only in southern Somalia because of drought, conflict and lack of access to humanitarian assistance, three million people are in crisis. Tens of thousands more may die unless there is free access to humanitarian aid. The famine was a consequence of a failure is not in the structures and systems of the country, and their complete absence. Perhaps the drought like the present in East Africa, can not be prevented, but we can prevent starvation. We can not prevent droughts in the future, but long-term solutions to hunger, covering the entire spectrum of food security of small farmers to support measures to protect against hunger, which helps to protect the most vulnerable groups, will help to resist in times of crisis, and will provide an opportunity to respond to them in a timely manner.

Resources 1. http://www.thepeople.co.ke/26269/sowing-seed-of-growth-in-africa 2. http://www.wfp.org/climate-change 3. http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2011/09/26/famine-horn-africa-be-part-solution 4. http://www.voanews.com/content/africa-to-record-largest-population-growth-over-next40-years/1748380.html